Reply to thread

Message: <blockquote data-quote="sirajstc" data-source="post: 11059843" data-attributes="member: 91140">Michael H Hart මෙසේ පවසයි - ලෞකික හා ලෝකෝත්තර යන දෙයාකාරයෙන් ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨතම සාර්ථකත්වය උසුලන එකම පුරුෂයා මුහම්මද් තුමාය.<img src="/styles/default/xenforo/smilies/default/yes.gif"  class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=":yes:" title="Yes    :yes:" data-shortname=":yes:" /> <a href="http://sharingknowledgeofislam.blogspot.com/2010/01/most-influential-persons-in-history.html" target="_blank">The Most Influential Persons in History - Michael H. Hart</a>      <a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=173789&op=1&view=all&subj=277344117624&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=277344117624&id=100000059948174" target="_blank"><img src="http://photos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc3/hs137.snc3/18455_107024605976204_100000059948174_173789_140151_a.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>Why Muhammad [PBUH] as "Number ONE" in the List?by Michael H. HartMuhammad as number ONE to lead the list of the world's most influential  persons may surprise some readers and may be questioned by others, but  he was the only man in history who was supremely successful on both the  religious and secular levels.Of humble origins, Muhammad founded and promulgated one of the world's  great religions, and became an immensely effective political leader,  diplomat, merchant, philosopher, orator, legislator, reformer, husband,  father and military leader. Today, thirteen centuries after his death,  his influence is still powerful and pervasive.The majority of the persons in this book had the advantage of being born  and raised in centers of civilization, highly cultured or politically  pivotal nations. Muhammad, however, was born in the year 570 A.D, in the  city of Mecca, in southern Arabia, at that time a backward area of the  world, far from the centers of trade, art, and learning. Orphaned at age  six (Father past way before his birth and mother past away when he was  six), he was reared in modest surroundings. Islamic tradition tells us  that he was illiterate. His economic position improved when, at age  twenty-five, he married a wealthy widow. Nevertheless, as he approached  forty, there was little outward indication that he was a remarkable  person (Arabs nick named him as Al-Amin meaning "The Trustworthy").Most Arabs at that time were pagans, who believed in many gods. There  were, however, in Mecca, a small number of Jews and Christians; When he  was forty years old, Muhammad became convinced that this one true God  (Allah) was speaking to him, and had chosen him to spread the true  faith.For three years, Muhammad preached only to close friends and associates.  Then, about 613, he began preaching in public. As he slowly gained  converts, the Meccan authorities came to consider him a dangerous  nuisance. In 622, fearing for his safety, Muhammad fled to Medina (a  city some 200 miles north of Mecca), where he had been offered a  position of considerable political power.This flight, called the Hegira, was the turning point of the Prophet's  life. In Mecca, he had few followers. In Medina, he had many more, and  he soon acquired an influence that made him a virtual dictator. During  the next few years, while Muhammad's following grew rapidly, a series of  battles were fought between Medina and Mecca. This was ended in 630  with Muhammad's triumphant return to Mecca as conqueror. The remaining  two and one-half years of his life witnessed the rapid conversion of the  Arab tribes to the new religion. When Muhammad died, in 632, he was the  effective ruler of all of southern Arabia.The Bedouin tribesmen of Arabia had a reputation as fierce warriors. But  their number was small; and plagued by disunity and internecine  warfare, they had been no match for the larger armies of the kingdoms in  the settled agricultural areas to the north. However, unified by  Muhammad for the first time in history, and inspired by their fervent  belief in the one true God, these small Arab armies now embarked upon  one of the most astonishing series of conquests in human history. To the  northeast of Arabia lay the large Neo-Persian Empire of the Sassanids;  to the northwest lay the Byzantine, or Eastern Roman Empire, centered in  Constantinople. Numerically, the Arabs were no match for their  opponents. On the field of battle, though, the inspired Arabs rapidly  conquered all of Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine. By 642, Egypt had  been wrested from the Byzantine Empire, while the Persian armies had  been crushed at the key battles of Qadisiya in 637, and Nehavend in 642.But even these enormous conquests-which were made under the leadership  of Muhammad's close friends and immediate successors, Abu Bakr and 'Umar  ibn al-Khattab -did not mark the end of the Arab advance. By 711, the  Arab armies had swept completely across North Africa to the Atlantic  Ocean There they turned north and, crossing the Strait of Gibraltar,  overwhelmed the Visigothic kingdom in Spain.For a while, it must have seemed that the Moslems would overwhelm all of  Christian Europe. However, in 732, at the famous Battle of Tours, a  Moslem army, which had advanced into the center of France, was at last  defeated by the Franks. Nevertheless, in a scant century of fighting,  these Bedouin tribesmen, inspired by the word of the Prophet, had carved  out an empire stretching from the borders of India to the Atlantic  Ocean-the largest empire that the world had yet seen. And everywhere  that the armies conquered, large-scale conversion to the new faith  eventually followed.Now, not all of these conquests proved permanent. The Persians, though  they have remained faithful to the religion of the Prophet, have since  regained their independence from the Arabs. And in Spain, more than  seven centuries of warfare 5 finally resulted in the Christians  reconquering the entire peninsula. However, Mesopotamia and Egypt, the  two cradles of ancient civilization, have remained Arab, as has the  entire coast of North Africa. The new religion, of course, continued to  spread, in the intervening centuries, far beyond the borders of the  original Moslem conquests. Currently it has tens of millions of  adherents in Africa and Central Asia and even more in Pakistan and  northern India, and in Indonesia. In Indonesia, the new faith has been a  unifying factor. In the Indian subcontinent, however, the conflict  between Moslems and Hindus is still a major obstacle to unity.How, then, is one to assess the overall impact of Muhammad on human  history? Like all religions, Islam exerts an enormous influence upon the  lives of its followers. It is for this reason that the founders of the  world's great religions all figure prominently in this book . Since  there are roughly twice as many Christians as Moslems in the world, it  may initially seem strange that Muhammad has been ranked higher than  Jesus. There are two principal reasons for that decision. First,  Muhammad played a far more important role in the development of Islam  than Jesus did in the development of Christianity. Although Jesus was  responsible for the main ethical and moral precepts of Christianity  (insofar as these differed from Judaism), St. Paul was the main  developer of Christian theology, its principal proselytizer, and the  author of a large portion of the New Testament.Muhammad, however, was responsible for both the theology of Islam and  its main ethical and moral principles. In addition, he played the key  role in proselytizing the new faith, and in establishing the religious  practices of Islam. Moreover, he is the messenger of the Moslem holy  scriptures, the Koran, a collection of certain of Muhammad's insights  that he believed had been directly revealed to him by Allah. Most of  these utterances were copied more or less faithfully during Muhammad's  lifetime and were collected together in authoritative form not long  after his death. No such detailed compilation of the teachings of Christ  has survived. Since the Koran is at least as important to Moslems as  the Bible is to Christians, the influence of Muhammed through the medium  of the Koran has been enormous It is probable that the relative  influence of Muhammad on Islam has been larger than the combined  influence of Jesus Christ and St. Paul on Christianity. On the purely  religious level, then, it seems likely that Muhammad has been as  influential in human history.Furthermore, Muhammad (unlike Jesus) was a secular as well as a  religious leader. In fact, as the driving force behind the Arab  conquests, he may well rank as the most influential political leader of  all time.Of many important historical events, one might say that they were  inevitable and would have occurred even without the particular political  leader who guided them. For example, the South American colonies would  probably have won their independence from Spain even if Simon Bolivar  had never lived. But this cannot be said of the Arab conquests. Nothing  similar had occurred before Muhammad, and there is no reason to believe  that the conquests would have been achieved without him. The only  comparable conquests in human history are those of the Mongols in the  thirteenth century, which were primarily due to the influence of Genghis  Khan. These conquests, however, though more extensive than those of the  Arabs, did not prove permanent, and today the only areas occupied by  the Mongols are those that they held prior to the time of Genghis Khan.It is far different with the conquests of the Arabs. From Iraq to  Morocco, there extends a whole chain of Arab nations united not merely  by their faith in Islam, but also by their Arabic language, history, and  culture. The centrality of the Koran in the Moslem religion and the  fact that it is written in Arabic have probably prevented the Arab  language from breaking up into mutually unintelligible dialects, which  might otherwise have occurred in the intervening thirteen centuries.  Differences and divisions between these Arab states exist, of course,  and they are considerable, but the partial disunity should not blind us  to the important elements of unity that have continued to exist. For  instance, neither Iran nor Indonesia, both oil-producing states and both  Islamic in religion, joined in the oil embargo of the winter of  1973-74. It is no coincidence that all of the Arab states, and only the  Arab states, participated in the embargo.We see, then, that the Arab conquests of the seventh century have  continued to play an important role in human history, down to the  present day. It is this unparalleled combination of secular and  religious influence which I feel entitles Muhammad to be considered the  most influential single figure in human history.                   <a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=173791&op=1&view=all&subj=277344117624&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=277344117624&id=100000059948174" target="_blank"><img src="http://photos-h.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc3/hs157.snc3/18455_107024625976202_100000059948174_173791_7924912_a.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>The Greatest top 100 People List01� Muhammad [PBUH]02� Isaac Newton03� Jesus Christ [PBUH]04� Buddha05� Confucius06� St. Paul07� Ts'ai Lun08� Johann Gutenberg09� Christopher Columbus10� Albert Einstein11� Louis Pasteur12� Galileo Galilei13� Aristotle14� Euclid15� Moses16� Charles Darwin17� Shih Huang Ti18� Augustus Caesar19� Nicolaus Copernicus20� Antoine Laurent Lavoisier21� Constantine the Great22� James Watt23� Michael Faraday24� James Clerk Maxwell25� Martin Luther26� George Washington27� Karl Marx28� Orville and Wilbur Wright29� Genghis Kahn30� Adam Smith31� Edward de Vere32� John Dalton33� Alexander the Great34� Napoleon Bonaparte35� Thomas Edison36� Antony van Leeuwenhoek37� William T.G. Morton38� Guglielmo Marconi39� Adolf Hitler40� Plato41� Oliver Cromwell42� Alexander Graham Bell43� Alexander Fleming44� John Locke45� Ludwig van Beethoven46� Werner Heisenberg47� Louis Daguerre48� Simon Bolivar49� Rene Descartes50� Michelangelo51� Pope Urban II52� 'Umar ibn al-Khattab53� Asoka54� St. Augustine55� William Harvey56� Ernest Rutherford57� John Calvin58� Gregor Mendel59� Max Planck60� Joseph Lister61� Nikolaus August Otto62� Francisco Pizarro63� Hernando Cortes64� Thomas Jefferson65� Queen Isabella I66� Joseph Stalin67� Julius Caesar68� William the Conqueror69� Sigmund Freud70� Edward Jenner71� Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen72� Johann Sebastian Bach73� Lao Tzu74� Voltaire75� Johannes Kepler76� Enrico Fermi77� Leonhard Euler78� Jean-Jacques Rousseau79� Nicoli Machiavelli80� Thomas Malthus81� John F. Kennedy82� Gregory Pincus83� Mani84� Lenin85� Sui Wen Ti86� Vasco da Gama87� Cyrus the Great88� Peter the Great89� Mao Zedong90� Francis Bacon91� Henry Ford92� Mencius93� Zoroaster94� Queen Elizabeth I95� Mikhail Gorbachev96� Menes97� Charlemagne98� Homer99� Justinian I100� Mahavira     <a href="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=173790&op=1&view=all&subj=277344117624&aid=-1&auser=0&oid=277344117624&id=100000059948174" target="_blank"><img src="http://photos-b.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc3/hs157.snc3/18455_107024619309536_100000059948174_173790_4047344_a.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>Michael H. Hart (born April 28, 1932 in New York City) is a American  astrophysicist who has also written three books on history and  controversial articles on a variety of subjects. Hart describes himself  as a Jeffersonian liberal, Hart, a graduate of the Bronx High School of  Science who enlisted in the U.S. Army during the Korean war, received  his undergraduate degree at Cornell University in mathematics and later  earned a Ph.D. in astrophysics at Princeton University. He also holds  graduates degrees in physics, astronomy, and computer science, as well  as a law degree. He was a research scientist at NASA before leaving to  be a professor of physics at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas.  He has also taught both astronomy and history of science at Anne Arundel  Community College in Arnold, Maryland.His best known book is The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential  Persons in History. His most recent book is Understanding Human History,  which is a history of humanity beginning about 100,000 years ago and  going through the 20th century. Unlike most other books on world  history, Hart’s book explicitly discusses differences in average  intelligence between various groups, explains when and why they arose,  and discusses the effect that those differences have had on human  history. this book which has sold more than 500,000 copies and been  translated into 15 languages. His third book, A View from the Year 3000,  published in 1999, is a history of the future which includes both  technological advances and political developments.</blockquote>

Verification: Asuwa dahayen wadi kalama keeyada?

Top Bottom