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Message: <blockquote data-quote="G.D.1.nirmal" data-source="post: 11519327" data-attributes="member: 80976"> Followers and international influence  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USSR_stamp_M.Gandi_1969_6k.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/USSR_stamp_M.Gandi_1969_6k.jpg/190px-USSR_stamp_M.Gandi_1969_6k.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USSR_stamp_M.Gandi_1969_6k.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a> Mahatma Gandhi on a 1969 postage stamp of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" target="_blank">Soviet Union</a>.   Gandhi influenced important leaders and political movements. Leaders of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_%281955%E2%80%931968%29" target="_blank">civil rights movement</a> in the United States, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" target="_blank">Martin Luther King</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lawson_%28American_activist%29" target="_blank">James Lawson</a>, drew from the writings of Gandhi in the development of their own theories about non-violence.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-114" target="_blank">[115]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-115" target="_blank">[116]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-116" target="_blank">[117]</a> Anti-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_in_the_Apartheid_Era" target="_blank">apartheid</a> activist and former President of South Africa, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" target="_blank">Nelson Mandela</a>, was inspired by Gandhi.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-Mandela-2000-117" target="_blank">[118]</a> Others include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" target="_blank">Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-118" target="_blank">[119]</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Biko" target="_blank">Steve Biko</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" target="_blank">Aung San Suu Kyi</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-119" target="_blank">[120]</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benigno_Aquino,_Jr." target="_blank">Benigno Aquino, Jr.</a> (the Philippine opposition leader during the dictatorship of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" target="_blank">Ferdinand Marcos</a> and father of current Philippine president <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" target="_blank">Benigno Aquino III</a>). "Christ gave us the goals and Mahatma Gandhi the tactics."—<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr" target="_blank">Martin Luther King Jr</a>, 1955<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-120" target="_blank">[121]</a> In his early years, the former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" target="_blank">President of South Africa</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" target="_blank">Nelson Mandela</a> was a follower of the non-violent resistance philosophy of Gandhi.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-Mandela-2000-117" target="_blank">[118]</a>  Bhana and Vahed commented on these events as "Gandhi inspired  succeeding generations of South African activists seeking to end White  rule. This legacy connects him to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" target="_blank">Nelson Mandela</a>...in a sense Mandela completed what Gandhi started."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-121" target="_blank">[122]</a> Gandhi's life and teachings inspired many who specifically referred  to Gandhi as their mentor or who dedicated their lives to spreading  Gandhi's ideas. In Europe, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romain_Rolland" target="_blank">Romain Rolland</a> was the first to discuss Gandhi in his 1924 book Mahatma Gandhi, and Brazilian anarchist and feminist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Lacerda_de_Moura" target="_blank">Maria Lacerda de Moura</a> wrote about Gandhi in her work on pacifism. In 1931, notable European physicist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" target="_blank">Albert Einstein</a> exchanged written letters with Gandhi, and called him "a role model for the generations to come" in a later writing about him.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-122" target="_blank">[123]</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanza_del_Vasto" target="_blank">Lanza del Vasto</a> went to India in 1936 intending to live with Gandhi; he later returned to Europe to spread Gandhi's philosophy and founded the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_the_Ark" target="_blank">Community of the Ark</a> in 1948 (modelled after Gandhi's ashrams). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Slade" target="_blank">Madeleine Slade</a> (known as "Mirabehn") was the daughter of a British admiral who spent much of her adult life in India as a devotee of Gandhi. In addition, the British musician <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennon" target="_blank">John Lennon</a> referred to Gandhi when discussing his views on non-violence.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-123" target="_blank">[124]</a> At the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannes_Lions_International_Advertising_Festival" target="_blank">Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival</a> in 2007, former U.S. Vice-President and environmentalist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore" target="_blank">Al Gore</a> spoke of Gandhi's influence on him.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-124" target="_blank">[125]</a> President of the United States <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" target="_blank">Barack Obama</a> in an address to a Joint Session of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_India" target="_blank">Parliament of India</a> said that: "I am mindful that I might not be standing before you today, as  President of the United States, had it not been for Gandhi and the  message he shared with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" target="_blank">America</a> and the world."—<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" target="_blank">Barack Obama</a> in an address to a Joint Session of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_India" target="_blank">Parliament of India</a>, 2010<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-125" target="_blank">[126]</a> Obama at the Wakefield High School speech in Sept 2009, said that his  biggest inspiration came from Mahatma Gandhi. His reply was in response  to the question 'Who was the one person, dead or live, that you would  choose to dine with?'. He continued that "He's somebody I find a lot of  inspiration in. He inspired Dr. King with his message of nonviolence. He  ended up doing so much and changed the world just by the power of his  ethics." The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_District" target="_blank">Mahatma Gandhi District</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" target="_blank">Houston</a>,  Texas, United States, an ethnic Indian enclave, is named after Gandhi.  The district officially received its named on 16 January 2010 when the  City of Houston held a naming ceremony.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-MorenoCelebrates-126" target="_blank">[127]</a>  Global holidays On 15 June 2007, it was announced that the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" target="_blank">United Nations General Assembly</a>" has "unanimously adopted" a resolution declaring 2 October as "the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Day_of_Non-Violence" target="_blank">International Day of Non-Violence</a>."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-127" target="_blank">[128]</a> 30 January of every year is observed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_Day_of_Non-violence_and_Peace" target="_blank">School Day of Non-violence and Peace</a> in schools of many countries.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-128" target="_blank">[129]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-129" target="_blank">[130]</a> In countries with a Southern Hemisphere school calendar, it can be observed on 30 March.  Awards  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gandi_bista_Novi_Beograd.JPG" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gandi_bista_Novi_Beograd.JPG/200px-Gandi_bista_Novi_Beograd.JPG" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gandi_bista_Novi_Beograd.JPG" target="_blank"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a> Monument to Mahatma Gandhi in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Belgrade" target="_blank">New Belgrade</a>, Serbia. On the monument is written "Non-violence is the essence of all religions".   Time magazine named Gandhi the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person_of_the_Year" target="_blank">Man of the Year</a> in 1930. Gandhi was also the runner-up to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" target="_blank">Albert Einstein</a> as "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person_of_the_Century" target="_blank">Person of the Century</a>"<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-130" target="_blank">[131]</a> at the end of 1999. Einstein said of Gandhi: Mahatma Gandhi's life achievement stands unique in political history.  He has invented a completely new and humane means for the liberation  war of an oppressed country, and practised it with greatest energy and  devotion. The moral influence he had on the consciously thinking human  being of the entire civilized world will probably be much more lasting  than it seems in our time with its overestimation of brutal violent  forces. Because lasting will only be the work of such statesmen who wake  up and strengthen the moral power of their people through their example  and educational works. We may all be happy and grateful that destiny  gifted us with such an enlightened contemporary, a role model for the  generations to come. Time Magazine named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" target="_blank">The 14th Dalai Lama</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" target="_blank">Lech Wałęsa</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" target="_blank">Martin Luther King</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" target="_blank">Cesar Chavez</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" target="_blank">Aung San Suu Kyi</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benigno_Aquino,_Jr." target="_blank">Benigno Aquino, Jr.</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" target="_blank">Desmond Tutu</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" target="_blank">Nelson Mandela</a> as Children of Gandhi and his spiritual heirs to non-violence.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-131" target="_blank">[132]</a> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_India" target="_blank">Government of India</a> awards the annual <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize" target="_blank">Gandhi Peace Prize</a> to distinguished social workers, world leaders and citizens. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" target="_blank">Nelson Mandela</a>,  the leader of South Africa's struggle to eradicate racial  discrimination and segregation, is a prominent non-Indian recipient. In  2011, Time magazine named Gandhi as one of the top 25 political icons of all time.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-132" target="_blank">[133]</a> Gandhi never received the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" target="_blank">Nobel Peace Prize</a>, although he was nominated five times between 1937 and 1948, including the first-ever nomination by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" target="_blank">American Friends Service Committee</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-133" target="_blank">[134]</a> though he made the short list only twice, in 1937 and 1947.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-Tonnesson-134" target="_blank">[135]</a>  Decades later, the Nobel Committee publicly declared its regret for the  omission, and admitted to deeply divided nationalistic opinion denying  the award.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-T.C3.B8nnesson-56" target="_blank">[57]</a>  Gandhi was nominated in 1948 but was assassinated before nominations  closed. That year, the committee chose not to award the peace prize  stating that "there was no suitable living candidate" and later research  shows that the possibility of awarding the prize posthumously to Gandhi  was discussed and that the reference to no suitable living candidate  was to Gandhi.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-Tonnesson-134" target="_blank">[135]</a> When the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" target="_blank">14th Dalai Lama</a>  was awarded the Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that  this was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-Tonnesson-134" target="_blank">[135]</a>  Film and literature Mahatma Gandhi has been portrayed in film, literature, and in the theatre. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" target="_blank">Ben Kingsley</a> portrayed Gandhi in the 1982 film <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_%28film%29" target="_blank">Gandhi</a>, which won the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award" target="_blank">Academy Award</a> for Best Picture. Gandhi is also a central theme in the 2006 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollywood" target="_blank">Bollywood</a> film <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lage_Raho_Munna_Bhai" target="_blank">Lage Raho Munna Bhai</a>. The 2007 film, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi,_My_Father" target="_blank">Gandhi, My Father</a> explores the relationship between Gandhi and his son Harilal. The 1996 film, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Mahatma" target="_blank">The Making of the Mahatma</a>, documents Gandhi's time in South Africa. Several biographers have undertaken the task of describing Gandhi's life. Among them are: D. G. Tendulkar with his Mahatma. Life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in eight volumes, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyarelal" target="_blank">Pyarelal</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sushila_Nayyar" target="_blank">Sushila Nayar</a> with their Mahatma Gandhi in 10 volumes. There is also another documentary, titled <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma:_Life_of_Gandhi,_1869-1948" target="_blank">Mahatma: Life of Gandhi</a>, 1869–1948, which is 14 chapters and 6 hours long. The April 2010 biography, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Soul:_Mahatma_Gandhi_and_His_Struggle_With_India" target="_blank">Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle With India</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lelyveld" target="_blank">Joseph Lelyveld</a> contained controversial material speculating about Gandhi's sexual life.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-135" target="_blank">[136]</a>. Because of this material, the book was banned in the Indian state of Gujarat, his birthplace.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-BookBan-136" target="_blank">[137]</a> Lelyveld, however, stated that the press coverage "grossly distort<s>" the overall message of the book.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-LelyveldResponse-137" target="_blank">[138]</a></s><s></s> <s> Current impact within India</s><s></s><s> "Gandhi remains India’s patriarch, the founding father whose face  is printed on the currency, but modern India is hardly a Gandhian  nation, if it ever was one. His vision of a village-dominated economy  was shunted aside during his lifetime as rural romanticism, and his call  for a national ethos of personal austerity and nonviolence has proved  antithetical to the goals of an aspiring economic and military power ...  Gandhi is still revered here, and credited with shaping India’s  political identity as a tolerant, secular democracy. But he can  sometimes seem to hover over modern India like a parent whose  expectations are rarely met."</s><s>— <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" target="_blank">The New York Times</a>, November 2010<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-NYT10-138" target="_blank">[139]</a></s><s>Gandhi's birthday, 2 October, is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_holiday_in_India" target="_blank">national holiday in India</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Jayanti" target="_blank">Gandhi Jayanti</a>. India observes 30 January the day of his assassination, as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyrs%27_Day_%28India%29" target="_blank">Martyr's Day</a>,  to commemorate those who gave up their lives in service of the Indian  nation. There are two temples in India dedicated to Gandhi.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#cite_note-139" target="_blank">[140]</a> One is located at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambalpur" target="_blank">Sambalpur</a> in Orissa and the other at Nidaghatta village near Kadur in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikmagalur" target="_blank">Chikmagalur</a> district of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" target="_blank">Karnataka</a>. Gandhi's image also appears on paper currency of all denominations issued by India.</s></blockquote>

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