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Message: <blockquote data-quote="rocat90" data-source="post: 18171057" data-attributes="member: 452168">Singapore (<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/En-us-Singapore.ogg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg/11px-Speakerlink-new.svg.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:En-us-Singapore.ogg" target="_blank">i</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" target="_blank">/</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">ˈ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">s</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">ɪ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">ŋ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">ə</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">p</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">ɔr</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" target="_blank">/</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" target="_blank">/</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">ˈ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">s</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">ɪ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">ŋɡ</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">ə</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">p</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" target="_blank">ɔr</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" target="_blank">/</a>), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-state#Modern_city-states" target="_blank">modern city-state</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_country" target="_blank">island country</a> in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia" target="_blank">Southeast Asia</a>. It lies off the southern tip of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" target="_blank">Malay Peninsula</a> and is 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator" target="_blank">equator</a>. The country's territory consists of the diamond-shaped main island, commonly referred to as Singapore Island in English and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Ujong" target="_blank">Pulau Ujong</a> in Malay, and more than 60 significantly smaller <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islet" target="_blank">islets</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore#cite_note-9" target="_blank">[8]</a> Singapore is separated from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" target="_blank">Peninsular Malaysia</a> by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_of_Johor" target="_blank">Straits of Johor</a> to the north, and from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" target="_blank">Indonesia</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riau_Islands" target="_blank">Riau Islands</a> by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Strait" target="_blank">Singapore Strait</a> to the south. The country is highly <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanised" target="_blank">urbanised</a>, and little of the original vegetation remains. The country's territory has consistently expanded through <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_reclamation" target="_blank">land reclamation</a>.The islands were settled in the second century <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD" target="_blank">AD</a> and subsequently belonged to a series of local empires. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founding_of_modern_Singapore" target="_blank">Modern Singapore was founded</a> in 1819 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Stamford_Raffles" target="_blank">Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles</a> as a trading post of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company" target="_blank">East India Company</a> with permission from the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" target="_blank">Johor Sultanate</a>. The British obtained sovereignty over the island in 1824, and Singapore became one of the British <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlements" target="_blank">Straits Settlements</a> in 1826. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" target="_blank">Occupied by the Japanese</a> during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" target="_blank">World War II</a>, Singapore became independent from the United Kingdom in 1963 and united with other former British territories to form <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" target="_blank">Malaysia</a>, from which it was expelled two years later through a unanimous act of parliament. Singapore has since developed rapidly, earning recognition as one of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers" target="_blank">Four Asian Tigers</a>.Singapore is one of nine countries with the top AAA rating from all <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_rating" target="_blank">credit rating</a> agencies and the only Asian country on the list.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore#cite_note-10" target="_blank">[9]</a>It is one of the world's major commercial hubs, the fourth-largest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_centre" target="_blank">financial centre</a> and one of the five <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_busiest_port" target="_blank">busiest ports</a>. Its globalised and diversified economy depends heavily on trade, especially manufacturing, which accounted for around 30 percent of Singapore's GDP in 2013.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore#cite_note-11" target="_blank">[10]</a> In terms of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" target="_blank">purchasing power parity</a>, Singapore has the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" target="_blank">third-highest per capita income</a> in the world but the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality" target="_blank">most severe income inequality</a> among <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developed_countries" target="_blank">developed countries</a>. It <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_rankings_of_Singapore" target="_blank">places highly in international rankings</a> with regard to education, healthcare, and economic competitiveness. Nearly 5.5 million people live in Singapore (as of end-June 2014),<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore#cite_note-singstat2014pop.26land-5" target="_blank">[4]</a> of which well over 2 million are foreign-born. While Singapore is diverse, ethnic Asians predominate: about 75 percent of the population is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Singaporean" target="_blank">Chinese</a>, with significant minorities of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malays_in_Singapore" target="_blank">Malays</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indians_in_Singapore" target="_blank">Indians</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasians_in_Singapore" target="_blank">Eurasians</a>. There are four official languages—English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil—and the country promotes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalism" target="_blank">multiculturalism</a> through a range of official policies.Singapore is a unitary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiparty" target="_blank">multiparty</a> parliamentary republic, with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_system" target="_blank">Westminster system</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicameralism" target="_blank">unicameral</a> parliamentary government. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Action_Party" target="_blank">People's Action Party</a> has won every election since self-government began in 1959. The dominance of the PAP, coupled with one of the world's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index" target="_blank">lowest levels of press freedom</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_in_the_World" target="_blank">most suppressed civil liberties and political rights</a>, has led to Singapore being the lowest ranked developed country in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Index" target="_blank">Democracy Index</a>, classified as a flawed democracy. One of the five founding members of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_South_East_Asian_Nations" target="_blank">Association of South East Asian Nations</a> (ASEAN), Singapore is also the host of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" target="_blank">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a> (APEC) Secretariat, and a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" target="_blank">East Asia Summit</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" target="_blank">Non-Aligned Movement</a>, and the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" target="_blank">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. Singapore's rapid development has given it significant influence in global affairs, leading some analysts to identify it as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_power" target="_blank">middle power</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore#cite_note-Loo-12" target="_blank">[11]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore#cite_note-Tan-13" target="_blank">[12]</a>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore</blockquote>

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