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Message: <blockquote data-quote="kkr" data-source="post: 10414711" data-attributes="member: 103896">Human penis size is the measured length and width of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human" target="_blank">human</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penis" target="_blank">penis</a>.  The most accurate measurement of the human penis comes from several  measurements at different times, as there is natural variability in size  due to arousal level, time of day, room temperature, frequency of  sexual activity, and unreliability of the measurement methods. When  compared to other primates, including large <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primate" target="_blank">primates</a>  such as the gorilla, the genitalia of male humans are large, both in  absolute terms and in relative size to the rest of the body. Results  vary, with studies that rely on self-measurement reporting a  significantly higher average than those with staff measuring, but a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_mean" target="_blank">mean</a> erect human penis is approximately 12.9–15.0 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimeter" target="_blank">cm</a> (5.1–5.9 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inch" target="_blank">in</a>) in length. Flaccid penis length is a poor estimate of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erection" target="_blank">erect</a> length. Most of human penis growth happens between infancy and the age of five, and in five years after the onset of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty" target="_blank">puberty</a>.  Age is not believed to negatively correlate with penis size, and  studies have not found a relation between penis size and race. There is  evidence both for and against a link between penis size and the size of  other body parts. Some environmental factors in addition to genetic,  such as the presence of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_disruptor" target="_blank">endocrine disruptors</a>,  can affect penis growth. An adult penis with an erect length of less  than 7 cm or just over 2 inches but otherwise formed normally is  referred to in a medical context as having the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropenis" target="_blank">micropenis</a> condition. Perceptions of penis size are culture-specific. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece" target="_blank">Ancient Greece</a> and in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" target="_blank">Renaissance</a> art, an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreskin" target="_blank">uncircumcised</a> and small penis was culturally seen as desirable in a man, whereas a bigger or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcision" target="_blank">circumcised</a> penis was viewed as comical or grotesque. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome" target="_blank">Ancient Rome</a> may have had a contrary view, and a larger penis size was preferred in medieval <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_literature" target="_blank">Arabic literature</a>.  Males may quite easily underestimate the size of their own penis  relative to that of others, and many men who believe that their penis is  of inadequate size have average-sized penises. The perception of having  a large penis is often linked to higher self esteem.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-media-0" target="_blank">[1]</a> For women, width rather than length is a more important factor of sexual stimulation.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-pmid11415468-1" target="_blank">[2]</a> Fear of shrinking of the penis in folklore have led to a type of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_hysteria" target="_blank">mass hysteria</a> called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penis_panic" target="_blank">penis panic</a>, though the penis legitimately can shrink in size due to scar tissue formation in the penis from a medical condition called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyronie%27s_disease" target="_blank">Peyronie's disease</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-2" target="_blank">[3]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-3" target="_blank">[4]</a> Marketers of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penis_enlargement" target="_blank">penis enlargement</a>  products exploit fears of inadequacy, but there is no consensus in the  scientific community of any non-surgical technique that permanently  increases either the thickness or length of the erect penis that already  falls into the normal range.Studies on penis size While results vary across studies, the consensus is that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_mean" target="_blank">mean</a> human penis is approximately 12.9–15 cm (5.1–5.9 in) in length with a 95% <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval" target="_blank">confidence interval</a> of (10.7 cm, 19.1 cm) (or, equivalently, 4.23 in, 7.53 in).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-Wessells-4" target="_blank">[5]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-Chen-5" target="_blank">[6]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-lifestyles_condoms-6" target="_blank">[7]</a> The consensus on typical <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumference" target="_blank">circumference</a> is 12.3 cm (4.85 in), requiring a diameter of roughly 3.9 cm (1.54 in) when fully <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erection" target="_blank">erect</a>. Another reputable source claims that the relaxed (flaccid,  non-tumescent) human penis has an average length of only 4 inches  (≈10.2 cm) and a diameter of 1¼ inches (≈3.2 cm) (which would result in a  circumference of roughly 3.9in/10.1 cm) while fully erect ones have an  average length of 6 in (≈15.2 cm) and a diameter of 1½ inches (≈3.8 cm),  resulting in an erect circumference of 4.71in/11.9 cm.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-7" target="_blank">[8]</a> The mean penis size is slightly greater than the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median" target="_blank">median</a> size. Studies have not found a relation between penis size and race.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-8" target="_blank">[9]</a>Erect length Several scientific studies have been performed on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erection" target="_blank">erect</a>  length of the adult penis. Studies which have relied on  self-measurement, including those from Internet surveys, consistently  reported a higher average length than those which used medical or  scientific methods to obtain measurements.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-lifestyles_condoms-6" target="_blank">[7]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-average-11" target="_blank">[12]</a> The following staff-measured studies are each composed of different  subgroups of the human population (i.e. specific age range and/or race;  selection of those with sexual medical concerns or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-selection" target="_blank">self-selection</a>) which could cause a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biased_sample" target="_blank">sample bias</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-average-11" target="_blank">[12]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-12" target="_blank">[13]</a> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">A study published in the September 1996 Journal of Urology<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-Wessells-4" target="_blank">[5]</a>  The purpose of the study was to “provide guidelines of penile length  and circumference to assist in counseling patients considering penile  augmentation.” Erection was pharmacologically induced in 80 physically  normal American men (varying ethnicity, average age 54). It was  concluded: “Neither patient age nor size of the flaccid penis accurately  predicted erectile length.” concluded that average erect length was 12.9 cm (5.08 in) (measured by staff).</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">A study published in the December 2000 International Journal of Impotence Research found that average erect penis length in 50 Jewish Caucasian males was 13.6 cm (5.35 in) (measured by staff).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-Chen-5" target="_blank">[6]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" target="_blank">erectile dysfunction</a>  (average age 47±14y). Patients with penis abnormalities or whose ED  could be attributed to more than one psychological origin were omitted  from the study.  Quote: "The aim of this prospective study was to identify clinical and  engineering parameters of the flaccid penis for prediction of penile  size during erection." Erection was pharmacologically induced in 50  Jewish Caucasian patients who had been evaluated for</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">A study conducted by LifeStyles Condoms found an average of 14.9 cm  (5.9 in) with a standard deviation of 2.1 cm (0.8 in) (measured by  staff).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-lifestyles_condoms-6" target="_blank">[7]</a> The purpose of this study was to ensure properly sized condoms were available.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">A review published in the 2007 issue of BJU International showed the  average erect penis length to be 14–16 cm (5.5–6.3 in) and girth to be  12–13 cm (4.7–5.1 in). The paper compared results of twelve studies  conducted on different populations in several countries.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-wylie-10" target="_blank">[11]</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">An Italian study of about 3,300 Italian men concluded that stretched  length was measured on average to about 5 inches (13 cm). In addition, a  correlation between weight and height and penis length was also found.  However this was done only on 500 men with a small correlation value.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-13" target="_blank">[14]</a></li> </ul>Erect circumference <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">The Cancún LifeStyle study, in which the circumference of the shaft  was measured at three points (base, mid-shaft, and just below the head)  and then averaged, found an average of 12.63 cm (4.972 inches) with a  standard deviation of 1.3 cm (0.5 in).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-lifestyles_condoms-6" target="_blank">[7]</a></li> </ul>Similar results exist regarding studies of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumference" target="_blank">circumference</a> of the adult fully <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erection" target="_blank">erect</a> penis, with the measurement taken mid-shaft.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" target="_blank">citation needed</a>]  As with length, studies that relied on self-measurement consistently  reported a significantly higher average than those with staff measuring. Flaccid length One study found the mean flaccid penis length to be 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) (measured by staff).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-Wessells-4" target="_blank">[5]</a> A review of several studies found average flaccid length to be 9–10 cm.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-wylie-10" target="_blank">[11]</a>  Length of the flaccid penis does not necessarily correspond to length  of the erect penis; some smaller flaccid penises grow much longer, while  some larger flaccid penises grow comparatively less.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-14" target="_blank">[15]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-kinsey-15" target="_blank">[16]</a> The penis and scrotum can contract involuntarily in reaction to cold  temperatures or nervousness, referred to by the slang term "shrinkage",  due to action by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremaster_muscle" target="_blank">cremaster muscle</a>. The same phenomenon affects cyclist and exercise bike users, with prolonged pressure on the perineum from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_saddle" target="_blank">saddle</a>,  and the straining of the exercise causing the penis and scrotum to  contract involuntarily. This is sometimes referred to as "gym balls" or  "saddle balls". An incorrect saddle may ultimately cause <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" target="_blank">erectile dysfunction</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_saddle#Crotch_pressure" target="_blank">crotch pressure</a> for more information). (see  Penises that are short when flaccid but substantially larger when erect are colloquially known as <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grower#Noun" target="_blank">growers</a>, while those with greater flaccid lengths that increase little when erect are known as <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shower#Noun_2" target="_blank">showers</a>. Flaccid penis length is a poor estimate of erect length; a better  estimate is stretched length, that is 12–13 cm, as shown in review by  Wylie and Erdley.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-wylie-10" target="_blank">[11]</a> Variance in penis size Micropenis Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropenis" target="_blank">Micropenis</a> An adult penis with an erect length of less than 7 cm or just over  2 inches but otherwise formed normally is referred to in a medical  context as having the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropenis" target="_blank">micropenis</a> condition.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-16" target="_blank">[17]</a> The condition affects 0.6% of men.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-kinsey-15" target="_blank">[16]</a> Some of the identifiable causes are deficiency of pituitary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone_deficiency" target="_blank">growth hormone</a> and/or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin" target="_blank">gonadotropins</a>, mild degrees of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen_insensitivity_syndrome" target="_blank">androgen insensitivity</a>, a variety of genetic syndromes, and variations in certain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeobox" target="_blank">Homeobox</a> genes. Some types of micropenis can be addressed with growth hormone or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone" target="_blank">testosterone</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-17" target="_blank">[18]</a> treatment in early childhood. Operations are also available to increase penis size in cases of micropenis in adults.  Historical perceptions  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pompeya_er%C3%B3tica6.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Pompeya_er%C3%B3tica6.jpg/170px-Pompeya_er%C3%B3tica6.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pompeya_er%C3%B3tica6.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a> Fresco of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priapus" target="_blank">Priapus</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompeii" target="_blank">Pompeii</a>. Depicted weighing his large erect penis against a bag of gold. Ancient Romans admired the large penis of Priapus.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-Roman_art-28" target="_blank">[29]</a>   According to Kenneth Dover's landmark study "Greek Homosexuality",  Greek art had extreme interest in the genitals, but was not obsessed  with size. The weekly Q&A column "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straight_Dope" target="_blank">The Straight Dope</a>" deduces, based on pornographic Greek art work and Dover's aforementioned study, that in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece" target="_blank">ancient Greece</a>  an uncircumcised and small penis was culturally seen as desirable in a  man, whereas a bigger or circumcised penis was viewed as comical or  grotesque (at least in the high-brow view), usually being found on "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_god" target="_blank">fertility gods</a>, half-animal critters such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyr" target="_blank">satyrs</a>, ugly old men, and barbarians."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-Greek_art-29" target="_blank">[30]</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC_Radio" target="_blank">CBC</a> radio has suggested, based on several sources, that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome" target="_blank">ancient Romans</a>contrary to that of the Greeks.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-Roman_art-28" target="_blank">[29]</a> This was also the case in medieval <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_literature" target="_blank">Arabic literature</a>, where a longer penis was preferred, as described in an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights" target="_blank">Arabian Nights</a> tale called "Ali with the Large Member". As a witty <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire" target="_blank">satire</a> of this fantasy, the 9th century <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Arab" target="_blank">Afro-Arab</a> author <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jahiz" target="_blank">Al-Jahiz</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mule" target="_blank">mule</a> would belong to the (honorable tribe of) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh_%28tribe%29" target="_blank">Quraysh</a>".<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-30" target="_blank">[31]</a> had a viewpoint  wrote: "If the length of the penis were a sign of honor, then the  Penis size is also alluded to in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" target="_blank">Bible</a>: “In the same way, I became disgusted with Oholibah and rejected her,  just as I had rejected her sister, because she flaunted herself before  them and gave herself to satisfy their lusts.19 Yet she turned to even greater prostitution, remembering her youth when she was a prostitute in Egypt.20Ezekiel 23:18–20, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Living_Translation" target="_blank">New Living Translation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-bible-31" target="_blank">[32]</a> She lusted after lovers with genitals as large as a donkey’s and emissions like those of a horse. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-51" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size#cite_note-51" target="_blank"></a></blockquote>

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