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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Mr PERERA" data-source="post: 6605592" data-attributes="member: 176031">Tea production in Sri Lanka Tea production in Sri Lanka, formerly <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceylon" target="_blank">Ceylon</a>, is of high importance to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Sri_Lanka" target="_blank">Sri Lankan economy</a> and the world market. The country  is the world's fourth largest producer of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea" target="_blank">tea</a> and the  industry is one of the country's main sources of foreign exchange and a  significant source of income for laborers, with tea accounting for 15%  of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDP" target="_blank">GDP</a>, generating roughly $700 million annually.  In 1995 Sri Lanka was the world's leading exporter of tea, (rather than  producer) with 23% of the total world export, but it has since been  surpassed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya" target="_blank">Kenya</a>.  The tea sector employs, directly or indirectly over 1 million people in  Sri Lanka, and in 1995 directly employed 215,338 on tea plantations and  estates. The central highlands of the country, low temperature climate  throughout the year, annual rainfall and the level of humidity are more  favorable geographical factors for production in high quality tea. The  industry was introduced to the country in 1867 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Taylor_%28Ceylon%29" target="_blank">James Taylor</a>, the British planter who  arrived in 1852 Pre-Tea era <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon" target="_blank">Cinnamon</a>  was the first crop to receive government sponsorship in Ceylon, while  the island was under <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_period_in_Ceylon" target="_blank">Dutch control</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-de_silva-7" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-de_silva-7</a>  During the administration of Dutch governor Iman Willem Falck, cinnamon  plantations were planted in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" target="_blank">Colombo</a>,  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maradana" target="_blank">Maradana</a>,  and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon_Gardens" target="_blank">Cinnamon Gardens</a> in 1769. The first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_governors_of_Ceylon" target="_blank">British governor</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North,_5th_Earl_of_Guilford" target="_blank">Frederick North</a>  prohibited private cinnamon plantations, thereby securing monopoly of  the cinnamon plantation for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company" target="_blank">East India Company</a>. However, an economic slump in the  1830s in England and elsewhere in Europe affected the cinnamon  plantations in Ceylon. This resulted in them being decommissioned by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_MacBean_George_Colebrooke" target="_blank">William Colebrooke</a> in  1833. Finding cinnamon unprofitable, the British turned to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee" target="_blank">coffee</a>. By 1825 the Ceylonese already had a knowledge of coffee. They started  planting coffee as a garden crop and the first coffee plantation was  started in Baddegama in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galle_District" target="_blank">Galle District</a>. Although this venture failed due  unsuitability of area to the crop, George Bird became first to start  planting coffee on a commercial scale. After Bird begun his coffee  plantation in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singhapitiya" target="_blank">Singhapitiya</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gampola" target="_blank">Gampola</a>  governor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Barnes_%28British_Army_officer%29" target="_blank">Edward Barnes</a> also  started a plantation in Gannoruwa. The demand and high price in European  market for coffee fueled the rush of coffee planting. Investors flocked  to Ceylon from overseas and around 100,000 ha of rain forest was  cleared to pave the way for coffee plantations. The term, "Coffee rush",  was coined to describe this developing situation in 1840.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-de_silva-7" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-de_silva-7</a>In  1869 the coffee industry was still thriving in Ceylon but shortly  afterwards, coffee plantations were devastated by a fungal disease  called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemileia_vastatrix" target="_blank">Hemileia vastatrix</a> or coffee rust,  better known as "coffee leaf disease" or ‘coffee blight’.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-8" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-8</a>  The planters nicknamed the disease "devastating Emily"<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-nickname-9" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-nickname-9</a>  when it was first identified in the Madolsima area in 1869. Production  dipped rapidly as the disease set in and every effort failed to revive  the coffee. Of 1700 coffee planters only 400 remained in the island as  the rest left for their home countries. The coffee crop died and marked  an end of an era when most of the plantations on the island were  dedicated towards producing coffee beans. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoa_bean" target="_blank">Cocoa</a>  and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinchona" target="_blank">Cinchona</a>  were experimented as alternative crops but failed due to a bug, Heloplice  antonie. In the 1870s virtually all the remaining coffee planters  in Ceylon had switched to the production and cultivation of tea because  of the devastating Hemileia vastatrix fungus.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-10" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-10</a>By  the year 1900, only 11,392 acres were still under coffee cultivation Cultivation areas The major tea growing areas are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandy" target="_blank">Kandy</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuwara_Eliya" target="_blank">Nuwara  Eliya</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Province,_Sri_Lanka" target="_blank">Central Province</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badulla" target="_blank">Badulla</a>,  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandarawela" target="_blank">Bandarawela</a>  and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haputale" target="_blank">Haputale</a>  in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uva_Province" target="_blank">Uva Province</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galle" target="_blank">Galle</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matara,_Sri_Lanka" target="_blank">Matara</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mulkirigala&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank">Mulkirigala</a>  in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Province,_Sri_Lanka" target="_blank">Southern Province, Sri Lanka</a>,  and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratnapura" target="_blank">Ratnapura</a>  and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kegalle" target="_blank">Kegalle</a>  in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabaragamuwa_Province" target="_blank">Sabaragamuwa Province</a>. There are mainly six principal regions planting tea. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuwara_Eliya" target="_blank">Nuwara  Eliya</a>, Dimbula, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandy" target="_blank">Kandy</a> Uda Pussellawa, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uva_Province" target="_blank">Uva  Province</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South" target="_blank">South</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-pure_ceylon_tea-26" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-pure_ceylon_tea-26</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuwara_Eliya" target="_blank">Nuwara Eliya</a> is an oval shaped plateau of 6,240 feet of  elevation. Nuwara Eliya tea produces a unique flavour. Dimbula is one the first areas to be planted from 1870's. Height of  ranging between 3500 ft to 5000 ft defines this planting area.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-Black_Tea-27" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-Black_Tea-27</a>  South-western monsoon rain and cold weather from January to March are  determining factors of flavour. Eight Subdistricts of Dimbula are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatton,_Sri_Lanka" target="_blank">Hatton</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickoya" target="_blank">Dickoya</a>, Bogawanthalawa, Upcot/Maskeliya,  Patana/Kotagala, Nanu Oya/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindula" target="_blank">Lindula</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talawakele" target="_blank">Talawakele</a>,  Agarapatana, Pundaluoya and Ramboda. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandy" target="_blank">Kandy</a>  is famous for Mid-grown tea. The first tea plantations were grown here.  Tea plantations located 2000 ft to 4000 ft.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-Black_Tea-27" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-Black_Tea-27</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pussellawa" target="_blank">Pussellawa</a>/Hewaheta  and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matale" target="_blank">Matale</a>  are the two main subdistricts of the region. Between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuwara_Eliya" target="_blank">Nuwara  Eliya</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uva_Province" target="_blank">Uva Province</a>, Uda Pussellawa situated.  Northwest monsoon prevails in this region. Plantations near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuwara_Eliya" target="_blank">Nuwara  Eliya</a> have a range of rosy teas. The two subdistricts comprised are  Maturata and Ragala/Halgranoya. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uva_Province" target="_blank">Uva</a> area's tea have quite a distinctive flavour and widely  used for blends. Tea plantations elevation rage from 3000 ft to 5000  ft.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-Black_Tea-27" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-Black_Tea-27</a>  Being a large district Uva has a number of subdistricts, Malwatte/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welimada" target="_blank">Welimada</a>,  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demodara" target="_blank">Demodara</a>/Hali-Ela/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badulla" target="_blank">Badulla</a>,  Passara/Lunugala, Madulsima, Ella/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namunukula" target="_blank">Namunukula</a>,  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandarawela" target="_blank">Bandarawela</a>/Poonagala,  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haputale" target="_blank">Haputale</a>,  Koslanda/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldummulla" target="_blank">Haldummulla</a>. Low-grown tea is mainly originates from southern Sri Lanka. These  teas grown from sea level to 2000 ft, thrive in fertile soils and warm  conditions.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-Black_Tea-27" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-Black_Tea-27</a>  These areas spread across four main subdistricts, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratnapura" target="_blank">Ratnapura</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balangoda" target="_blank">Balangoda</a>,  Deniyaya, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matara,_Sri_Lanka" target="_blank">Matara</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galle" target="_blank">Galle</a>. The high-grown tea thrive in above 1200m of elevation and warm  climate and sloping terrain.  Hence this type is common in Central highlands.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#cite_note-my_sri_lanka-28" target="_blank">[29]</a>  Mid-grown tea is found in 600m-1200m altitude range. Various types of  tea is blended to obtain required flavour and colour. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uva_Province" target="_blank">Uva  Province</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuwara_Eliya" target="_blank">Nuwara Eliya</a>, Dimbuala and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickoya" target="_blank">Dickoya</a>  are the area mid-grown tea originate. Low-grown tea is stronger and  less-subtle in taste and produced in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galle" target="_blank">Galle</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matara,_Sri_Lanka" target="_blank">Matara</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratnapura" target="_blank">Ratnapura</a> areas. <img src="http://i50.tinypic.com/29xgco3.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <img src="http://i50.tinypic.com/2zzp4ar.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <img src="http://i46.tinypic.com/30xfu6s.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <img src="http://i45.tinypic.com/33f7ui1.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <img src="http://i49.tinypic.com/30u5th1.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> </blockquote>

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