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Message: <blockquote data-quote="AtulaSiriwardane" data-source="post: 3996742" data-attributes="member: 120286">Osho   <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Osho.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cb/Osho.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>Osho("Rajneesh" Chandra Mohan Jain,रजनीश चन्द्र मोहन जैन)   Born 11 December 1931Kuchwada, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" target="_blank">India</a>   Died 19 January 1990 (aged 58)<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune" target="_blank">Pune</a>, India   Nationality <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" target="_blank">Indian</a>   Movement Jivan Jagruti Andolan; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-sannyas" target="_blank">Neo-sannyas</a>   Works From Sex to SuperconsciousnessMy Way, the Way of the White CloudsThe Book of Secrets   Influenced by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautam_Buddha" target="_blank">Gautam Buddha</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahavira" target="_blank">Mahavira</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._I._Gurdjieff" target="_blank">G. I. Gurdjieff</a>   Influenced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sloterdijk" target="_blank">Peter Sloterdijk</a>Osho"Rajneesh" Chandra Mohan Jain (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi_language" target="_blank">Hindi</a>: रजनीश चन्द्र मोहन जैन) (December 11, 1931 – January 19, 1990), also known as Acharya Rajneesh from the 1960s onwards, calling himself Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh during the 1970s and 1980s and taking the name Osho in 1989, was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" target="_blank">Indian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticism" target="_blank">mystic</a> and spiritual teacher. A professor of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy" target="_blank">philosophy</a>, he travelled throughout India in the 1960s as a public speaker, raising controversy by speaking against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism" target="_blank">socialism</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" target="_blank">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, and institutionalised <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" target="_blank">religion</a>. He advocated a more open attitude towards <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sexuality" target="_blank">sexuality</a>, a stance that earned him the sobriquet "sex guru" in the Indian and later the international press.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-Joshi_1982_pp.3D1.E2.80.934-0" target="_blank">[1]</a> In 1970, he settled for a while in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" target="_blank">Mumbai</a> (Bombay). He began initiating disciples (known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-sannyas" target="_blank">neo-sannyasins</a>) and took on the role of a spiritual teacher. In his discourses, he reinterpreted writings of religious traditions, mystics and philosophers from around the world. Moving to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune" target="_blank">Pune</a> (Poona) in 1974, he established an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashram" target="_blank">ashram</a> that attracted increasing numbers of Westerners. The ashram offered therapies derived from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Potential_Movement" target="_blank">Human Potential Movement</a> to its Western audience and made news in India and abroad, chiefly because of its permissive climate and Osho's provocative lectures. By the end of the 1970s, there were mounting tensions with the Indian government and the surrounding society. In 1981, Osho relocated to the United States, and his followers established an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intentional_community" target="_blank">intentional community</a>, later known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajneeshpuram" target="_blank">Rajneeshpuram</a>, in the state of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon" target="_blank">Oregon</a>. Within a year, the leadership of the commune became embroiled in a conflict with local residents, primarily over land use, which was marked by bitter hostility on both sides. In this period Osho attracted notoriety for his large collection of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_%28car%29" target="_blank">Rolls-Royce</a> motorcars. The Oregon commune collapsed in 1985, when Osho revealed that the commune leadership had committed a number of serious crimes, including a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Rajneeshee_bioterror_attack" target="_blank">bioterror attack</a> on the citizens of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dalles,_Oregon" target="_blank">The Dalles</a>. Shortly after, Osho was arrested and charged with immigration violations. He was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation" target="_blank">deported</a> from the United States in accordance with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plea_bargain" target="_blank">plea bargain</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-Latkin342-1" target="_blank">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-2" target="_blank">[3]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-3" target="_blank">[4]</a> Following an enforced world tour during which twenty-one countries denied him entry, Osho returned to Pune, where he died in 1990. His ashram is today known as the Osho International Meditation Resort. Osho's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncretic" target="_blank">syncretic</a> teachings emphasise the importance of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meditation" target="_blank">meditation</a>, awareness, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love" target="_blank">love</a>, celebration, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity" target="_blank">creativity</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humour" target="_blank">humour</a> – qualities that he viewed as being suppressed by adherence to static belief systems, religious tradition and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisation" target="_blank">socialisation</a>. His teachings have had a notable impact on Western <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Age" target="_blank">New Age</a> thought,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-4" target="_blank">[5]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-GIA177-5" target="_blank">[6]</a> and their popularity has increased markedly since his death.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-HBU-TSSP-6" target="_blank">[7]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-GIA182-183-7" target="_blank">[8]</a>Osho's "Ten Commandments" In 1970, when he was still known as Acharya Rajneesh, Osho was asked about his "Ten Commandments".<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-10c-180" target="_blank">[177]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-181" target="_blank">[178]</a> In his letter of reply, Osho noted that it was a difficult matter, because he was against any kind of commandment, but "just for fun" agreed to set out the following:<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-10c-180" target="_blank">[177]</a>   “  <ol> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Never obey anyone's command unless it is coming from within you also.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">There is no God other than life itself.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Truth is within you, do not search for it elsewhere.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Love is prayer.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">To become a nothingness is the door to truth. Nothingness itself is the means, the goal and attainment.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Life is now and here.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Live wakefully.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Do not swim – float.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Die each moment so that you can be new each moment.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Do not search. That which is, is. Stop and see.</li> </ol>  ”   He underlined numbers 3, 7, 9 and 10.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-10c-180" target="_blank">[177]</a> The ideas expressed in these Commandments have remained a constant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitmotif" target="_blank">leitmotif</a> in his movement.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-10c-180" target="_blank">[177]</a>Assessments by scholars of religion Some scholars have suggested that Osho, like other charismatic leaders, may have had a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissism" target="_blank">narcissistic</a> personality.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-217" target="_blank">[214]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-218" target="_blank">[215]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-clarke-219" target="_blank">[216]</a> In his paper The Narcissistic Guru: A Profile of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, Ronald O. Clarke, Emeritus Professor of Religious Studies at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_State_University" target="_blank">Oregon State University</a>, argued that Osho exhibited all the typical features of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder" target="_blank">narcissistic personality disorder</a>, such as a grandiose sense of self-importance and uniqueness; a preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success; a need for constant attention and admiration; a set of characteristic responses to threats to self-esteem; disturbances in interpersonal relationships; a preoccupation with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_grooming" target="_blank">grooming</a> combined with frequent resorting to prevarication or outright lying; and a lack of empathy.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-clarke-219" target="_blank">[216]</a> Drawing on Osho's reminiscences of his childhood in his book Glimpses of a Golden Childhood, he suggested that Osho suffered from a fundamental lack of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parental_discipline" target="_blank">parental discipline</a>, due to his growing up in the care of overindulgent grandparents.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-clarke-219" target="_blank">[216]</a> Osho's self-avowed Buddha status, he concluded, was part of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delusion" target="_blank">delusional</a> system associated with his narcissistic personality disorder; a condition of ego-inflation rather than egolessness.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-clarke-219" target="_blank">[216]</a> In questioning how the total corpus of Osho's work might be summarised, Bob Mullan, a sociologist from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" target="_blank">University of East Anglia</a>, stated in 1983: "It certainly is eclectic, a borrowing of truths, half-truths and occasional misrepresentations from the great traditions. It is also often bland, inaccurate, spurious and extremely contradictory."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-BM48-220" target="_blank">[217]</a> He also acknowledged that Osho's range and imagination were second to none,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-BM48-220" target="_blank">[217]</a> and that many of his statements were quite insightful and moving, perhaps even profound at times,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-BM32-221" target="_blank">[218]</a> but what remained was essentially "a potpourri of counter-culturalist and post-counter-culturalist ideas" focusing on love and freedom, the need to live for the moment, the importance of self, the feeling of "being okay", the mysteriousness of life, the fun ethic, the individual's responsibility for their own destiny, and the need to drop the ego, along with fear and guilt.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-BM48-89-90-222" target="_blank">[219]</a> Writing in 1996, Hugh B. Urban similarly found Osho's teaching neither original nor especially profound, noting that most of its content had been borrowed from various Eastern and Western philosophies.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-HBU-ZTB169-158" target="_blank">[155]</a> What he found most original about Osho was his keen commercial instinct or "marketing strategy", by which he was able to adapt his teachings to meet the changing desires of his audience,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-HBU-ZTB169-158" target="_blank">[155]</a> a theme also picked up on by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gita_Mehta" target="_blank">Gita Mehta</a> in her book Karma Cola: Marketing the Mystic East.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-223" target="_blank">[220]</a> In 2005, Urban observed that Osho had undergone a "remarkable <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apotheosis" target="_blank">apotheosis</a>" after his return to India, and especially in the years since his death, going on to describe him as a powerful illustration of what <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Max_M%C3%BCller" target="_blank">F. Max Müller</a>, over a century ago, called "that world-wide circle through which, like an electric current, Oriental thought could run to the West and Western thought return to the East."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-GIA183-224" target="_blank">[221]</a> By negating the dichotomy between spiritual and material desires, and reflecting the preoccupation with the body and sexuality characteristic of late <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism" target="_blank">capitalist</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_culture" target="_blank">consumer culture</a>, Osho had apparently been able to create a spiritual path that was remarkably in tune with the socio-economic conditions of his time.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-GIA183-224" target="_blank">[221]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-GIA183-224" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osho#cite_note-GIA183-224</a><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://www.osho.com/" target="_blank">Osho International Foundation</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ocbZhRQS9I" target="_blank">Excerpt of an Osho discourse on youtube</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://www.sannyas.org/wiki/index.php?title=Osho_Bibliography" target="_blank">Osho Bibliography at Sannyas Wiki</a></li> </ul></blockquote>

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