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Message: <blockquote data-quote="geethq" data-source="post: 4432200" data-attributes="member: 4364">Ballistic missile                        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   <img src="http://www.militarypictures.info/d/705-3/agni-2.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   History The first ballistic missile was the A-4, commonly known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-2_rocket" target="_blank">V-2 rocket</a>, developed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany" target="_blank">Nazi Germany</a> in the 1930s and 1940s under direction of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Dornberger" target="_blank">Walter Dornberger</a>. The first successful launch of a V-2 was on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_3" target="_blank">October 3</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" target="_blank">1942</a> and began operation on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_6" target="_blank">September 6</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944" target="_blank">1944</a> against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" target="_blank">Paris</a>, followed by an attack on London two days later. By the end of World War II <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945#May" target="_blank">May 1945</a> over 3,000 V-2s had been launched. A total of 30 nations have deployed operational ballistic missiles. Development continues, with around 100 ballistic missile flight tests (not including those of the US) in 2007, mostly by China, Iran and the Russian Federation.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_missile#cite_note-Janes-0" target="_blank">[1]</a> Flight A ballistic missile trajectory consists of three parts: The powered flight portion, the free-flight portion which constitutes most of the flight time, and the re-entry phase where the missile re-enters the Earth's atmosphere. Ballistic missiles can be launched from fixed sites or mobile launchers, including vehicles (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporter_erector_launcher" target="_blank">Transporter Erector Launchers, TELs</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft" target="_blank">aircraft</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navy" target="_blank">ships</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarines" target="_blank">submarines</a>. The powered flight portion can last from a few tens of seconds to several minutes and can consist of multiple <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket" target="_blank">rocket</a> stages. When in space and no more <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust" target="_blank">thrust</a> is provided, the missile enters <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-flight" target="_blank">free-flight</a>. In order to cover large distances, ballistic missiles are usually launched into a high <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" target="_blank">sub-orbital spaceflight</a>; for intercontinental missiles the highest altitude (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apogee" target="_blank">apogee</a>) reached during free-flight is about 1200 km. The re-entry stage begins at an altitude where atmospheric <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_%28physics%29" target="_blank">drag</a> plays a significant part in missile <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory" target="_blank">trajectory</a>, and lasts until missile <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_force" target="_blank">impact</a>. Missile types   <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trident_II_missile_image.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Trident_II_missile_image.jpg/250px-Trident_II_missile_image.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trident_II_missile_image.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy" target="_blank">Royal Navy</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguard_class_submarine" target="_blank">Vanguard class submarine</a> launched <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trident_II" target="_blank">Trident II</a> ballistic missile being fired. Ballistic missiles can vary widely in range and use, and are often divided into categories based on range. Various schemes are used by different countries to categorize the ranges of ballistic missiles: <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical_ballistic_missile" target="_blank">Tactical ballistic missile</a>: Range between about 150 km and 300 km<ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battlefield_Range_Ballistic_Missile" target="_blank">Battlefield range ballistic missile</a> (BRBM): Range less than 200 km</li> </ul></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_ballistic_missile" target="_blank">Theatre ballistic missile</a> (TBM): Range between 300 km and 3500 km<ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-range_ballistic_missile" target="_blank">Short-range ballistic missile</a> (SRBM): Range 1000 km or less</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium-range_ballistic_missile" target="_blank">Medium-range ballistic missile</a> (MRBM): Range between 1000 km and 3500 km</li> </ul></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate-range_ballistic_missile" target="_blank">Intermediate-range ballistic missile</a> (IRBM) or long-range ballistic missile (LRBM): Range between 2500 km or 3000 km and 5500 km</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" target="_blank">Intercontinental ballistic missile</a> (ICBM): Range greater than 5500 km</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" target="_blank">Submarine-launched ballistic missile</a> (SLBM): Launched from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" target="_blank">ballistic missile submarines</a> (SSBNs), all current designs have intercontinental range.</li> </ul> Short- and medium-range missiles are often collectively referred to as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical_ballistic_missile" target="_blank">theatre or tactical ballistic missiles</a> (TBMs). Long- and medium-range ballistic missiles are generally designed to deliver <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" target="_blank">nuclear weapons</a> because their payload is too limited for conventional explosives to be efficient (though the U.S. may be evaluating the idea of a conventionally-armed ICBM for near-instant global air strike capability despite the high costs).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_missile#cite_note-1" target="_blank">[2]</a> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile#Flight_phases" target="_blank">flight phases</a> are like those for ICBMs, except with no exoatmospheric phase for missiles with ranges less than about 350 km.</blockquote>

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