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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Sri_Sampath" data-source="post: 21608098" data-attributes="member: 264139">BackgroundCurrently, for a typical week day the total Electricity generation in Sri Lanka is around 32 GWh. Also,the System load profile of Sri Lanka on a typical day is given in Figure 1. In this particular profilefollowing characteristics can be identified.Maximum demand = 1954.7MW, has occurred at 19:00Minimum demand = 871.6 MW, has occurred at 02:00Average Demand = 1325.6 MW, is shown by a red line.<img src="http://i.imgur.com/cFjhTQM.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />Figure 1: Typical System Load Profile of Sri LankaThe load curve has a close relationship with the human behavior and other economic activities of thecountry, having a morning peak, Day peak and a night peak, which is the maximum of all. Eventhough it is desirable to have a flat load curve, due to this behavioral impact, the curve is havingrather large variations. The extent of variation is so substantial that the maximum demand is havinga greater value, which is about 2.24 times of the minimum demand.The most undesirable aspect as far as the load curve is considered is the night peak, which includespredominantly the household electricity consumption. The present flat tariff structure does notforce the domestic consumers to reduce energy consumption during the night peak. However, thenight peak can be reduced by improving attitudes of consumers, which has already been practicedby Ministry of Power and Energy, Licensees (CEB and LECO) and Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA)through awareness programs during recent pastRECOMMENDATIONSa. Distribution Licensees have already installed programmable meters with memory capacity,for all the bulk consumers of General Purpose category. Data from these meters shall beused to conduct a further study to analyze the implications of introducing mandatory TOUtariff scheme for bulk General Purpose consumers. Study should cover both demand shiftingpotential of the consumers and the revenue implications of the utilities.b. A detailed study should be conducted on the load profiles of Domestic consumers, whomcontribute heavily to the system peak demand, the possibility to adopt mandatory/ optionalTOU tariff for larger domestic consumers shall be examined through this study. Since,existing metering equipment of domestic consumers is not geared for such data collection,sample data will have to be collected using data loggers.c. Implementation of power factor charges and/or reactive energy (kVArh) charges shall befurther studied to curb increasing MVAr demand, especially on the charge value and relatedincentive mechanism.d. The relative rates for Time-Of-Use intervals shall be reexamined and adjusted (increasepeak charges) to ensure that price signals are adequate to motivate consumers to shiftdemand from peak to off-peak time.<a href="http://www.pucsl.gov.lk/english/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/STUDY-REPORT-ON-ELECTRICITY-DEMAND-CURVE-AND-SYSTEM-PEAK-REDUCTION.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.pucsl.gov.lk/english/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/STUDY-REPORT-ON-ELECTRICITY-DEMAND-CURVE-AND-SYSTEM-PEAK-REDUCTION.pdf</a></blockquote>

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