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Message: <blockquote data-quote="AtulaSiriwardane" data-source="post: 4414643" data-attributes="member: 120286">Muammar al-Gaddafi                      From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia                                                  Jump to: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#column-one" target="_blank">navigation</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#searchInput" target="_blank">search</a>                            Muammar al-Gaddafiمعمر القذافـي    <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Muammar_al-Gaddafi_at_the_AU_summit.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Muammar_al-Gaddafi_at_the_AU_summit.jpg/200px-Muammar_al-Gaddafi_at_the_AU_summit.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>Gaddafi in 2009.      <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Libya" target="_blank">Leader and Guide of the Revolution</a>    <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent" target="_blank">Incumbent</a>   Assumed office 1 September 1969   President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Ati_al-Obeidi" target="_blank">Abdul Ati al-Obeidi</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_az-Zaruq_Rajab" target="_blank">Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mifta_al-Usta_Umar" target="_blank">Mifta al-Usta Umar</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Razzaq_as-Sawsa" target="_blank">Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_az-Zanati" target="_blank">Muhammad al-Zanati</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miftah_Muhammed_K%27eba" target="_blank">Miftah Muhammed K'eba</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbarek_Shamekh" target="_blank">Imbarek Shamekh</a>   Prime Minister <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadallah_Azzuz_at-Talhi" target="_blank">Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_az-Zaruq_Rajab" target="_blank">Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadallah_Azzuz_at-Talhi" target="_blank">Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Mustafa_al-Muntasir" target="_blank">Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abuzed_Omar_Dorda" target="_blank">Abuzed Omar Dorda</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Majid_al-Qa%E2%80%B2ud" target="_blank">Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad_al-Mangoush" target="_blank">Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbarek_Shamekh" target="_blank">Imbarek Shamekh</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shukri_Ghanem" target="_blank">Shukri Ghanem</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdadi_Mahmudi" target="_blank">Baghdadi Mahmudi</a>   Preceded by Office created     <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_People%27s_Congress_%28Libya%29" target="_blank">General Secretary of the General People's Congress</a>    In office2 March 1977 – 2 March 1979   Prime Minister <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Ati_al-Obeidi" target="_blank">Abdul Ati al-Obeidi</a>   Preceded by Office created   Succeeded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Ati_al-Obeidi" target="_blank">Abdul Ati al-Obeidi</a>     <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Libya" target="_blank">Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council</a>    In office8 September 1969 – 1 March 1979   Prime Minister <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Sulayman_al-Maghribi" target="_blank">Mahmud Sulayman al-Maghribi</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdessalam_Jalloud" target="_blank">Abdessalam Jalloud</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Ati_al-Obeidi" target="_blank">Abdul Ati al-Obeidi</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadallah_Azzuz_at-Talhi" target="_blank">Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi</a>   Preceded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idris_I_of_Libya" target="_blank">Idris I</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Libya" target="_blank">King of Libya</a>)   Succeeded by Office Abolished     <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Libya" target="_blank">Prime Minister of Libya</a>    In office16 January 1970 – 16 July 1972   Preceded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Sulayman_al-Maghribi" target="_blank">Mahmud Sulayman al-Maghribi</a>   Succeeded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdessalam_Jalloud" target="_blank">Abdessalam Jalloud</a>       Born 7 June 1942 (1942-06-07) (age 66)<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surt" target="_blank">Surt</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripolitania" target="_blank">Tripolitania</a>   Religion <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam" target="_blank">Sunni Islam</a>   Website <a href="http://www.algathafi.org/" target="_blank">AlGathafi.Org</a>   Muammar Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Name" target="_blank">1</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" target="_blank">Arabic</a>: معمر القذافي‎ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ar-Muammar_al-Qaddafi.ogg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Ar-Muammar_al-Qaddafi.ogg" target="_blank">audio</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" target="_blank">help</a>·<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ar-Muammar_al-Qaddafi.ogg" target="_blank">info</a>) Mu‘ammar al-Qaḏāfī) (born 7 June, 1942) also known as Colonel Gaddafi has been the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" target="_blank">de facto</a> leader of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya" target="_blank">Libya</a> since a 1969 coup.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#cite_note-SalakLibya-0" target="_blank">[1]</a> Although Gaddafi has held no public office or title since 1979, he is accorded the honorifics "Guide of the First of September Great Revolution of the Socialist People's Libyan Arab <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamahiriya" target="_blank">Jamahiriya</a>" or "Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution" in government statements and the official press.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#cite_note-1" target="_blank">[2]</a> He is the fourth longest-serving <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state" target="_blank">head of state</a> currently in office and longest-serving <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_government" target="_blank">head of government</a>. In February 2009, upon being elected chairman of the 53-nation <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union" target="_blank">African Union</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia" target="_blank">Ethiopia</a>, Gaddafi told the assembled African leaders: "I shall continue to insist that our sovereign countries work to achieve the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" target="_blank">United States of Africa</a>."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#cite_note-2" target="_blank">[3]</a>     Contents  [hide]<ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Early_life" target="_blank">1 Early life</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Military_coup_d.27.C3.A9tat" target="_blank">2 Military coup d'état</a><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Islamic_Socialism_and_pan-Arabism" target="_blank">2.1 Islamic Socialism and pan-Arabism</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#External_relations" target="_blank">2.2 External relations</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Recent_openness" target="_blank">2.3 Recent openness</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Pan-Africanism" target="_blank">2.4 Pan-Africanism</a></li> </ul></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Disappearance_Of_Musa_al-Sadr" target="_blank">3 Disappearance Of Musa al-Sadr</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Internal_dissent" target="_blank">4 Internal dissent</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Public_works_projects" target="_blank">5 Public works projects</a><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Great_Manmade_River" target="_blank">5.1 Great Manmade River</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Astronomical_observatory" target="_blank">5.2 Astronomical observatory</a></li> </ul></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Personal_life_and_family" target="_blank">6 Personal life and family</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Quotations" target="_blank">7 Quotations</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Name" target="_blank">8 Name</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#The_show" target="_blank">9 The show</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#Postage_stamps" target="_blank">10 Postage stamps</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#References" target="_blank">11 References</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#See_also" target="_blank">12 See also</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#External_links" target="_blank">13 External links</a></li> </ul>     //   Early life Gaddafi was the youngest child born into a peasant family. His father was Mohammed Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammed Al-Gaddafi (Qadhafi), known as Abu Meniar (died 1985). His mother is Aisha Bin Niran. At a young age he was known to his friends as 'al-jamil' or The handsome . He grew up in the desert region of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surt" target="_blank">Sirte</a>. He was given a traditional religious primary education and attended the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebha" target="_blank">Sebha</a> preparatory school in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fezzan" target="_blank">Fezzan</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956" target="_blank">1956</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961" target="_blank">1961</a>. Gaddafi and a small group of friends that he met in this school went on to form the core leadership of a militant revolutionary group that would eventually seize control of the country. Gaddafi's inspiration was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" target="_blank">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a>, president of neighboring <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt" target="_blank">Egypt</a>, who rose to the presidency by appealing to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab" target="_blank">Arab</a> unity. In 1961, Gaddafi was expelled from Sebha for his political activism. Gaddafi went on to study history at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Libya" target="_blank">University of Libya</a>, where he graduated .[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" target="_blank">citation needed</a>] He then entered the military academy in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" target="_blank">Benghazi</a> in 1963, where he and a few of his fellow militants organized a secretive group dedicated to overthrowing the pro-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_world" target="_blank">Western</a> Libyan monarchy. After graduating in 1965, he was sent to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" target="_blank">Britain</a> for further training at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" target="_blank">British Army</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staff_College" target="_blank">Staff College</a>, now the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Services_Command_and_Staff_College" target="_blank">Joint Services Command and Staff College</a>, returning in 1966 as a commissioned officer in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_Corps" target="_blank">Signal Corps</a>.  [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muammar_al-Gaddafi&action=edit&section=2" target="_blank">edit</a>] Military coup d'état On <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_1" target="_blank">September 1</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969" target="_blank">1969</a>, a small group of military officers led by Gaddafi staged a bloodless <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" target="_blank">coup d'état</a> against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idris_I_of_Libya" target="_blank">King Idris I</a>, while he was in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamena_Vourla" target="_blank">Kamena Vourla</a>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" target="_blank">Greek</a> resort, for medical treatment. His nephew the Crown Prince <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_as-Senussi" target="_blank">Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi</a> had been formally deposed by the revolutionary army officers and put under house arrest; they abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the new Libyan Arab Republic.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi#cite_note-3" target="_blank">[4]</a></blockquote>

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