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Message: <blockquote data-quote="sumal_jayaranga" data-source="post: 3171188" data-attributes="member: 96023">Part1--------------In this Guide you will learn how to:* Use telnet from Windows* Download web pages via telnet* Get finger information via telnet* Telnet from the DOS command-line* Use netcat* Break into Windows Computers from the InternetProtecting YourselfWhat can they doThe command-line approachThe GUI approachFinal Words How to Use Telnet on a Windows ComputerTelnet is great little program for doing a couple of interesting things. In fact, if you want to call yourself a hacker, you absolutely MUST be able to telnet! In this lesson you will find out a few of the cool things a hacker can do with telnet.If you are using Win95, you can find telnet in the c:\windows directory, and on NT, in the c:\winnt\system32 directory. There isn't a lot of online help concerning the usage of the program, so my goal is to provide some information for new users.First off, telnet isn't so much an application as it is a protocol. Telnet is protocol that runs over TCP/IP, and was used for connecting to remote computers. It provides a login interface, and you can run command-line programs by typing the commands on your keyboard, and the programs use the resources of the remote machine. The results are displayed in the terminal window on your machine, but the memory and CPU cycles consumed by the program are located on the remote machine. Therefore, telnet functions as a terminal emulation program, emulating a terminal on the remote machine.Now, telnet runs on your Win95 box as a GUI application...that is to say that you can type "telnet" at the command prompt (in Windows 95 this is the MS-DOS prompt), and assuming that your PATH is set correctly, a window titled "telnet" will open. This differs from your ftp program in that all commands are entered in the DOS window.Let's begin by opening telnet. Simply open a DOS window by clicking "start", then "programs", then "MS-DOS", and at the command prompt, type:c:\telnetThe window for telnet will open, and you can browse the features of the program from the menu bar. NEWBIE NOTE: In this text file, I am referring only to the telnetprogram that ships with Win95/NT. If you type "telnet" at thecommand prompt and you don't get the telnet window, make surethat the program is on your hard drive using the Start -> Find ->Files or Folders command. Also make sure that your path statement includes the Windows directory. There are many other programs available that provide similar functionality, with a lot of other bells and whistles, from any number of software sites. To learn a bit more about telnet, choose Help -> Contents, orHelp -> Search for help on... from the menu bar. Read throughthe files in order to find more detailed explanations of thingsyou may wish to do. For example, in this explanation, I willprimarily be covering how to use the application and what it canbe used for, but now how to customize the colors for the application.Now, if you choose Connect -> Remote System, you will be presented with a dialog window that will ask you for the remote host, the port and the terminal type. NEWBIE NOTE: For most purposes, you can leave the terminal type onVT100. In the Connect dialog box, you can enter in the host to whichyou wish to connect, and there is a list box of several portsyou can connect to:daytime: May give you the current time on the server.echo: May echo back whatever you type in, and will tell you that the computer you have connected to is alive nd running on the Internet. qotd: May provide you with a quote of the day.chargen: May display a continuous stream of characters, useful for spotting network problems, but may crash your telnet program.telnet: May present you with a login screen.These will only work if the server to which you are trying to connect is running these services. However, you are not limited to just those ports...you can type in any port number you wish. (For more on fun ports, see the GTMHH, "Port Surf's Up.") You will only successfully connect to the port if the service in question is available. What occurs after you connect depends upon the protocol for that particular service.When you are using telnet to connect to the telnet service on a server, you will (in most cases) be presented with a banner and a login prompt.[Note from Carolyn Meinel: Many people have written saying their telnet program fails to connect no matter what host they try to reach. Here's a way to fix your problem. First -- make sure you are already connected to the Internet. If your telnet program still cannot connect to anything, here's how to fix your problem. Click "start" then "settings" then "control panel." Then click "Internet" then "connection." This screen will have two boxes that may or may not be checked. The top one says "connect to the Internet as needed." If that box is checked, uncheck it -- but only uncheck it if you already have been having problems connecting. The bottom box says "connect through a proxy server." If that box is checked, you probably are on a local area network and your systems administrator doesn't allow you to use telnet.]*********************************************NEWBIE NOTE: It's not a good idea to connect to a host on which you don't have a valid account. In your attempts to guess a username and password, all you will do is fill the log files on that host. From there, you can very easily be traced, and your online service provider will probably cancel your account.**********************************************Now, you can also use telnet to connect to other ports, such asftp (21), smtp (25), pop3 (110), and even http (80). When youconnect to ftp, smtp, and pop3, you will be presented with abanner, or a line of text that displays some information about theservice. This will give you a clue as to the operating systemrunning on the host computer, or it may come right out and tellyou what the operating system is...for instance, AIX, Linux,Solaris, or NT. If you successfully connect to port 80, you willsee a blank screen. This indicates, again, that you have successfully completed the TCP negotiation and you have a connection.Now, what you do from there is up to you. You can simply disconnect with the knowledge that, yes, there is a service running on port 80, or you can use your knowledge of the HTTP protocol to retrieve the HTML source for web pages on the server.How to Download Web Pages Via TelnetTo retrieve a web page for a server using telnet, you need to connect to that server on port 80, generally. Some servers may use a different port number, such as 8080, but most web servers run on port 80. The first thing you need to do is click on Terminal -> Preferences and make sure that there is a check in the Local Echo box. Then, since most web pages will generally take up more than a single screen, enable logging by clicking Terminal -> Start Logging... and select a location and filename. Keep in mind that as long as logging is on, and the same file is being logged to, all new information will be appended to the file, rather than overwriting theoriginal file. This is useful if you want to record several sessions, and edit out the extraneous information using Notepad.Now, connect the remote host, and if your connection is successful, type in:GET / HTTP/1.0and hit enter twice. NEWBIE NOTE: Make sure that you hit enter twice...this is partof the HTTP protocol. The single / after GET tells the serverto return the default index file, which is generally "index.html".However, you can enter other filenames, as well.*************************************************You should have seen a bunch of text scroll by on the screen. Now you can open the log file in Notepad, and you will see the HTMLcode for the page, just as though you had chosen the View Sourceoption from your web browser. You will also get some additionalinformation...the headers for the file will contain some informationabout the server. For example:HTTP/1.0 200 Document followsDate: Thu, 04 Jun 1998 14:46:46 GMTServer: NCSA/1.5.2Last-modified: Thu, 19 Feb 1998 17:44:13 GMTContent-type: text/htmlContent-length: 3196One particularly interesting piece of information is the servername. This refers to the web server software that is runningand serving web pages. You may see other names in this field,such as versions of Microsoft IIS, Purveyor, WebSite, etc.This will give you a clue as to the underlying operating systemrunning on the server.*************************************************SYSADMIN NOTE: This technique, used in conjunction with adatabase of exploits on web servers, can be particularly annoying.Make sure you keep up on exploits and the appropriate securitypatches from your web server and operating system vendors.**************************************************************************************************NEWBIE NOTE: This technique of gathering web pages is perfectly legal. You aren't attempting to compromise the target system, you are simply doing by hand what your web browser does for you automatically. Of course, this technique will not load images and Java applets for you.************************************************Getting Finger Information Via TelnetBy now, you've probably heard or read a lot about finger. It doesn't seem like a very useful service, and many sysadmins disable the service because it provides information on a particular user, information an evil hacker can take advantage of. Win95 doesn't ship with a finger client, but NT does. You can download finger clients for Win95 from any number of software sites. But why do that when you have a readily available client in telnet?The finger daemon or server runs on port 79, so connect to a remote host on that port. If the service is running, you will be presented with a blank screen. NEWBIE NOTE: NT doesn't ship with a finger daemon (A daemon is a program on the remote computer which waits for people like you to connect to it), so generally speaking, and server that you find running finger will be a Unix box. I say "generally" because there are third-party finger daemons available and someone may want to run one on their NT computer.The blank screen indicates that the finger daemon is waiting for input. If you have a particular user that you are interested in, type in the username and hit enter. A response will be provided, and the daemon will disconnect the client. If you don't know a particular username, you can start by simply hitting enter. In some cases, you may get a response such as "No one logged on." Or you may get information of all currently logged on users. It all depends on whether or not the sysadmin has chosen to enable certain features of the daemon. You can also try other names, such as "root", "daemon", "ftp", "bin", etc.Another neat trick to try out is something that I have seen referred to as "finger forwarding". To try this out, you need two hosts that run finger. Connect to the first host, host1.com, and enter the username that you are interested in. Then go to the second host, and enter:<a href="mailto:user@host1.com">user@host1.com</a>You should see the same information! Again, this all depends uponthe configuration of the finger daemon.Using Telnet from the Command LineNow, if you want to show your friends that you a "real man" because "real men don't need no stinkin' GUIs", well just open up a DOS window and type:c:\>telnet <host> <port>and the program will automatically attempt to connect to the hoston the designated port for you.Using NetcatLet me start by giving a mighty big thanks to Weld Pond from L0pht for producing the netcat program for Windows NT. To get a copy of this program, which comes with source code, simply go to:<a href="http://www.final4ever.com/redirector.php?url=http://www.l0pht.com/~weld" target="_blank">http://www.l0pht.com/~weld</a>NOTE: The first character of "l0pht: is the letter "l". The second character is a zero, not an "o".I know that the program is supposed to run on NT, but I haveseen it run on Win95. It's a great little program that can be usedto do some of the same things as telnet. However, there areadvantages to using netcat...for one, it's a command-line program,and it can be included in a batch file. In fact, you can automatemultiple calls to netcat in a batch file, saving the results toa text file.NEWBIE NOTE: For more information on batch files, see previous versions of the Guide To (mostly) Harmless Hacking, Getting Serious with Windows series ...one of them dealt with basic batch file programming. Before using netcat, take a look at the readme.txt file provided inthe zipped archive you downloaded. It goes over the instructionson how to download web pages using netcat, similar to what Idescribed earlier using telnet.There are two ways to go about getting finger information usingnetcat. The first is in interactive mode. Simply type:c:\>nc <host> 79If the daemon is running, you won't get a command prompt back. If this is the case, type in the username and hit enter. Or use the automatic mode by first creating a text file containing the username of interest. For example, I typed:c:\>edit rootand entered the username "root", without the quotes. Then fromthe command prompt, type:c:\>nc <host> 79 < rootand the response will appear on your screen. You can save theoutput to a file by adding the appropriate redirection operatorto the end of the file:c:\>nc <host> 79 < root > nc.logto create the file nc.log, or:c:\>nc <host> 79 < root >> nc.logto append the response to the end of nc.log. NOTE: Make surethat you use spaces between the redirection operators. How to Break into a Windows 95 machine Connected to the InternetDisclaimerThe intent of this file is NOT to provide a step-by-step guide to accessing a Win95 computer while it is connected to the Internet. The intent is show you how to protect yourself.There are no special tools needed to access a remote Win95 machine...everything you need is right there on your Win95 system! Two methods will be described...the command-line approach and the GUI approach.Protecting YourselfFirst, the method of protecting yourself needs to be made perfectly clear. DON'T SHARE FILES!! I can't stress that enough. If you are a home user, and you are connecting a Win95 computer to the Internet via some dial-up method, disable sharing. If you must share, use a strong password...8 characters minimum, a mix of upper and lower case letters and numbers, change the password every now and again. If you need to transmit thepassword to someone, do so over the phone or by written letter. To disable sharing, click on My Computer -> Control Panel -> Network -> File and Print Sharing. In the dialog box that appears, uncheck both boxes. It's that easy.What Can They Do?What can someone do? Well, lots of stuff, but it largely depends on what shares are available. If someone is able to share a printer from your machine, they can send you annoying letters and messages. This consumes time, your printer ink/toner, and your paper. If they are able to share a disk share, what they can do largely depends upon what's in that share. The share appears as another directory on the attacker's machine, so any programs they run will be consuming their own resources...memory, cpu cycles, etc. But if the attacker has read and write access to those disk shares, then you're in trouble. If you take work home, your files may be vulnerable. Initialization and configuration files can be searched for passwords. Files can be modified and deleted. A particularly nasty thing to do is adding a line to your autoexec.bat file so that the next time your computer is booted, the hard drive is formatted without any prompting from the user. Bad ju-ju, indeed.** The command-line approach **Okay, now for the part that should probably be titled "How they do it". All that is needed is the IP address of the remote machine. Now open up a DOS window, and at the command prompt, type:c:\>nbtstat -A [ip_addr]If the remote machine is connected to the Internet and the ports used for sharing are not blocked, you should see something like:NetBIOS Remote Machine Name TableName Type StatusNAME <00> UNIQUE RegisteredDOMAIN <00> GROUP RegisteredNAME <03> UNIQUE RegisteredUSERNAME <03> UNIQUE RegisteredMAC Address = 00-00-00-00-00-00This machine name table shows the machine and domain names, a logged-on username, and the address of the Ethernet adapter (the information has been obfuscated for instructional purposes).**Note: This machine, if unpatched and not protected with a firewall or packet-filter router, may be vulnerable to a range of denial of service attacks, which seem to be fairly popular, largely because they require no skill or knowledge to perpetrate.The key piece of information that you are looking for is in the Type column. A machine that has sharing enabled will have a hex code of "<20>".**Note: With the right tools, it is fairly simple for a sysadmin to write a batch file that combs a subnet or her entire network, looking for client machines with sharing enabled. This batch file can then be run at specific times...every day at 2:00 am, only on Friday evenings or weekends, etc.If you find a machine with sharing enabled, the next thing to do is type the following command:c:\>net view \\[ip_addr]Now, your response may be varied. You may find that there are no shares on the list, or that there are several shares available. Choose which share you would like to connect to, and type the command:c:\>net use g: \\[ip_addr]\[share_name]You will likely get a response that the command was completed successfully. If that is the case, type:c:\>cd g:or which ever device name you decided to use. You can now view what exists on that share using the dir commands, etc.Now, you may be presented with a password prompt when you ssue the above command. If that is the case, typical "hacker" (I shudder at that term) methods may be used.** The GUI approach **After issuing the nbtstat command, you can opt for the GUI approach to accessing the shares on that machine. To do so, make sure that you leave the DOS window open, or minimized...don't close it. Now, use Notepad to open this file:c:\windows\lmhosts.samRead over the file, and then open create another file in Notepad, called simply "Lmhosts", without an extension. The file should contain the IP address of the host, the NetBIOS name of the host (from the nbtstat command), and #PRE, separated by tabs. Once you have added this information, save it, and minimize the window. In the DOS command window, type:c:\>nbtstat -RThis command reloads the cache from the Lmhosts file you just created.Now, click on Start -> Find -> Computer, and type in the NetBIOS name of the computer...the same one you added to the lmhosts file. If your attempt to connect to the machine is successful, you should be presented with a window containing the available shares. You may be presented with a password prompt window, but again, typical "hacker" (again, that term grates on me like fingernails on a chalk board, but today, it seems that it's all folks understand) techniques may be used to break the password.Note from Carolyn Meinel: Want to try this stuff without winding up in jail or getting expelled from school? Get a friend to give you permission to try to break in.</blockquote>

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