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Message: <blockquote data-quote="ibnanv" data-source="post: 18255424" data-attributes="member: 218596">New York subway cars are the last thing you'd expect to come across in the vast, harsh expanse of the Atlantic Ocean.But  along the coast - from Delaware to South Carolina - a subsea network of  these colossal vehicles has become home to millions of fish.Now,  photographer Stephen Mallon has captured the transformation of ordinary  subway cars into exotic artificial reefs in a series of stunning  images.      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A13800000578-0-image-a-43_1421783967694.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         Along the coast, from Delaware to  South Carolina, a subsea network of these colossal vehicles have become  home to millions of tiny fish'Seeing these massive mechanisms being tossed into the ocean like a toy in the bathtub is a ping in my heart,' Mr Mallon <a href="http://www.stephenmallon.com/Photography/Next-Stop-Atlantic/2/" target="_blank">writes</a>.'At first I was stunned, the moments of violent recycling, watching the water quickly adapt to its new underwater houses.            'After  being pushed and stacked like a sardine in these subways cars over the  past decade, it is nice to see the sardine actually getting one of these  as its new steel condo.'The 'Next Stop Atlantic' <a href="http://www.frontroom.org/portfolio_mallon.html" target="_blank">project </a>saw Mr Callon capture four 'drops' and two 'load-ups' over a period of three years.      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A14700000578-0-image-a-48_1421783979018.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         Photographer Stephen Mallon has been  able to capture the process of transforming the city's subway cars into  artificial coral reefs      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A12800000578-0-image-m-72_1421784199968.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         'Seeing these massive mechanisms being tossed into the ocean like a toy in the bathtub is a ping in my heart,' Mr Mallon said  <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A12000000578-2918849-image-a-95_1421787244010.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />     'At first I was  stunned, the moments of violent recycling, watching the water quickly  adapt to its new underwater houses,' he added  <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/21/24E1A0ED00000578-0-Pictured_on_the_right_is_some_of_the_fabric_from_inside_the_cars-a-4_1421805010648.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />    +18   <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/21/24DB012300000578-2918849-On_the_left_is_the_inside_of_one_of_the_cars_before_it_is_tossed-a-5_1421805010651.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />     The images  show the cars being dumped into the ocean using a hydraulic lift (left)  like huge anchors, churning waves in their wake      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A0DF00000578-0-image-a-42_1421783960903.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         The 'Next Stop Atlantic' project saw  the New York photographer capture four 'drops' and two 'load-ups' in a  project spanning three years.                CAN CORAL REEFS HEAL?                                                    A  coral reef in Northern Australia severely damaged by warming seas has  managed to completely heal itself in just 12 years, stunned researchers  have found. The  research in 2013 showed that an isolated reef off the northwest coast  of Australia that was severely damaged by a period of warming in 1998.It  was hit by coral bleaching, caused by higher water temperatures that  break down the coral's symbiotic relationship with algae that provide  food for coral growth.However, the team found Scott reef has regenerated in a very short time to become nearly as healthy as it was before. The discovery raises hope that other damaged reefs could 'regenerate'                             The  18-ton stainless steel cars - minus wheels, windows and doors - are  stacked two-high on a barge where a bucket crane with a specially  designed hydraulic lift picks them up one by one.The  images show the cars being dumped into the ocean like huge anchors.  While it may appear like an act of pollution, it is in fact the  opposite.After four decades carrying millions of New Yorkers, these subway cars are now home to millions of sea life.'The  Metropolitan Transit Authority's recycling program has been involved  for the past decade, retiring over 2500 subways cars to the ocean to  help rebuild underwater reefs along the eastern seabed,' the New York  photographer explains.'These are my images, seconds before these mass transit vessels join history in building homes for life under the sea.'The  reefs attract fish because they provide protection from predators, and  generate food like mussels, shrimp and crabs that quickly colonise the  structure.About  95 per cent of the seabed off the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast is naturally  bare sand, which is much less likely to attract fish.Officials  hope the new reefs will become home to such inshore species as black  sea bass, tautog and summer flounder. These in turn should attract game  like marlin, tuna and dolphin.Overall, corals are estimated to generate $200 million (£131 million) annually in the U.S.Mr Mallon's images will be on display at New York University's Kimmel Galleries from February 6th to March 15, 2015.      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A12800000578-0-image-m-61_1421784081076.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         The Metropolitan Transit Authority's  recycling program has been going for the past decade, retiring over 2500  subways cars to the ocean      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A10C00000578-0-image-m-62_1421784093136.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         'These are my images, seconds before  these mass transit vessels join history in building homes for life under  the sea,' said Mr Mallon      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A11800000578-0-image-a-57_1421784061265.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />    +18     After four decades carrying millions  of New Yorkers, these subway cars are now home to millions of sea life,  and act as artificial coral reefs      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A13C00000578-0-image-a-64_1421784132547.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         The cars attract fish because they  provide protection from predators, and generate food like mussels and  crabs that colonise the structure  <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A15600000578-2918849-The_dramatic_moment_one_of_the_cars_gets_dumped_in_the_sea_left_-a-100_1421787607501.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />       <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E2411100000578-2918849-image-m-99_1421787599583.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />     The moment  one of the cars gets dumped (left) Officials hope the new reefs created  by the cars will become home to such inshore species as black sea bass,  tautog and summer flounder. The cars were dumped on a stretch of coast  from Delaware to South Carolina (right)      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A14D00000578-0-image-a-73_1421784226691.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         Overall, corals are estimated to  generate $200 million (£131 million) annually in the U.S. This figure  could increase in the future if schemes such as this one are successful.  Pictured is a subway car being dropped into the ocean      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A0E500000578-0-image-a-80_1421784252758.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         About 95 per cent of the seabed off  the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast is naturally bare sand, which is much less  likely to attract fish. These subway cars are expected to act as a home  for them, now that they have come to the end of their useful life in New  York      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A10400000578-0-image-a-75_1421784235846.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         'After being pushed and stacked like a  sardine in these subways cars over the past decade, it is nice to see  the sardine actually getting one of these as its new steel condo,' said  Mr Mallon      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A0F800000578-0-image-a-77_1421784241690.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         This image, along with others in the project American Reclamation, will be on display at New York University's Kimmel Galleries      <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/01/20/24E1A0F400000578-0-image-a-82_1421784265636.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />         The 18-ton stainless steel cars -  minus wheels, windows and doors - are stacked two-high on a barge where a  bucket crane with a specially designed hydraulic lift picked them up  one by one </blockquote>

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