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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Blue Blood" data-source="post: 8834001" data-attributes="member: 268100">Islamist terror attacks and their relation to Muslim calendar days or holy battles in the past against the West By: <a href="http://www.carolinaarticles.com/profile/Yvonne-Brown-/30414" target="_blank">Yvonne Brown </a> The September eleventh attacks brought a lot of radical social,  political and economic transformations within the US. This was because  the country and the world had realized that the historical enmity  between Islam and the western world had never been forgotten and was in  fact a crucial day. Some experts have asserted that the West may not  remember historical clashes between Islam and itself. However, the  former group holds these historical confrontations very closely. The  purpose of this paper is to show that terrorist attacks have historic  significance among radical Muslims and this is evidenced by their  occurrence on Muslim calendar days or historic holy battles between  Muslims and non Muslims.Historical occurrences linked to Muslim terror attacksSource; <a href="http://www.enterprisemission.com/tower2.htm" target="_blank">http://www.enterprisemission.com/tower2.htm</a> The September eleventh attacks may seem random in nature and upon face  value, it is common to assume that these attacks had nothing to do with  the past. However, there are a number of issues that date back to the  origin of Islam which represent these historical significances. One of  the major ones was the battle of Vienna that occurred in the year 1683.It should be noted that the concept of freedom within the West was a  concept that had to be fought for. This was something that many  westerners’ did not just get on silver platter. Such patterns began as  far back as the fourth century BC. One such example was the battle  between the Persians and the Greeks. The Greeks defeated the Persians  and this marked one of the successes of the West and in its fight for  democracy. (Hoffman, 2003)These struggles between the West and others continued even a century  later. For instance, France which was one of the most significant forces  within the civilized world at that time had to struggle for its  independence. The latter were also dealing with forces from Attila the  Hun. Thanks to the defeat of the latter group, the country was able to  rescue some of the cultural features that made them what they were and  thus giving Westerners or Christians a chance of survival.These struggles proceeded on even in latter years. While certain  analysts and experts argue that Christianity or the western world was  bound to survive as it were and that victories that were own in battle  had very little to do with these reports such a perceptions can be quite  misleading. This is because certain occurrences in history played an  eminent role in preserving western civilization as we know it today.One particular victory that is directly related to the September Eleventh attacks was the Siege of Vienna by the Turks.The latter event coincided with the twin tower attacks because it  occurred in 1683 between September 11 and September 12th. During this  time, Islam’s hand had gained wide popularity within this region and  beyond. However, following the attack ordered by Poland’s King,  Christianity had a fighting chance. Were it not for this victory, then  Islam would have a pretty good chance of penetrating Europe as people  know it today.The reason why this Vienna Siege was particularly important to the west  and Christianity at large was that it marked the end of a series of  confrontations between these two groups. Consequently, after such a long  struggle, victory for the West implied a lot of positive news for  Europe. This is because as far back as the sixteenth century (one  thousand years before the Vienna war), Muslim leaders were the stronger  force throughout the Middle Eastern region and other surrounding areas.  Consequently, there was very little hope that Europeans actually had a  fighting chance because the latter were caught up in confrontations  against one another, this was especially the case because there had been  a split between Catholics and Protestants and most Europeans were now  trying to recover from these confrontations. (Selegut, 2003)During the year 632, the founder of the Islamic faith; Prophet Muhammad  died. After his death, some successors such as Abu Bakar were interested  in fulfilling the prophesy put forward by Muhammad. The prophesy was  ‘to go to all phases of the earth and spread Islam.’ These successors  found themselves in a position where they were trying to conquer a  number of nations and they actually managed to do so. Some of the  empires that had been ceased included•    Former Persian empire•    Former Roman empire•    EtcThese Muslim adherents operated under the all or nothing principle. If  one was not going to join them willingly, then they had to be treated as  non members of that country or they had to be exterminated. In the year  634, one adherent Khalid Walid invaded Iraq which was at that time a  predominantly Christian setting. He told them that if they did not join  Islam, then they would be forced to submit to them by giving them  tributes. However, those who could not pay tributes would face dire  consequences. In other words, the Christians had very little choice in  the matter lest they lost their lives. He told them that the Muslims  loved death as much as the Christians loved life and that they were not  afraid to take action.Later on i.e. within the next century, Muslim forces were able to  convert prior Christian populations by force through confrontation in  battles. This largely meant that they control a series of nations that  included;•    Portugal•    Palestine•    Iraq•    Syria•    North Africa•    Spain •    Pyrenees•    Bordeaux etcThe Muslims began getting very ambitious because by the year 721, they  were penetrating regions and areas that were not thought as conquerable.  Thereafter, the latter group proceeded onto Paris. Most of the time,  they were victorious and in the few instances where they were not such  as in 732 at Tours, the Muslims fought on because the considered such  defeats as minor setbacks in the process of establishing themselves  throughout the world. (Mansdorf, 2003)During the eleventh century, these issues were further reinforced. At  that time, the Turks from Seljuk took over the Arab dominated world.  They were highly interested in establishment of a presence throughout  Turkey. However, two centuries later, they were replaced by the Ottoman  Turks who created one of the most expansive empires in the world. This  stretched from Ethiopia, North Africa, Sudan, Palestine, Hungary, Russia  and even the Arabian Peninsula. The latter group continued with their conquests in the fourteenth century where they established their presence in Europe.Here they were able to rule the Balkans and the Mediterranean region.  The Ottomans were tactful in their response owing to the fact that they  got hold of empires when the recipients were undergoing their own civil  wars. This was seen when the former Persian Empire known as the  Byzantine had been ceased by these forces. The European Peninsula had  also been ceased by these parties. It should be noted here that the  latter conquest occurred in 1354. Shortly after, i.e. 1387, Thessalonica  was ceased. Two years later, they managed to defeat the Serbs during a  battle at Kosovo. Eventually their influence reached the epitome during  their victory over Constantinople which was later named as Istanbul and  is now the Turkish capital. (Israeli, 2003)Upon the latter victory, the Turks had such a great chance of  penetrating other parts of the world. This was seen by their conquest of  Bulgaria in the year 1526. However, three years later and then thirty  seven years later, the Ottoman Turks tried taking over Vienna but they  never yielded any fruit because they had to deal with other challenges  at the time.It should be noted that the conquest of Vienna would imply an  immeasurable control over the European continent and an ability to  penetrate different parts of the world through these new powers. This  was because Vienna was treated as an important pathway to Germany and  other parts of the European continent. This failure did no deter the  Ottoman Turks because they tried again in the year 1683. Prior to this year, there was great concern and interest in Vienna  because of the reasons mentioned above and also because the Ottoman  Sultan thought that chances of succeeding were quite high. He claimed  that certain alliances such as those ones from Hungary, Austria,  Bohemia, and the Roman Empire would not be that strong because  instrumental allies such as the French were not going to participate in  such wars. The latter nation thought that the Austrians and the  Bohemians were getting too strong and that they would dominate them.  Consequently, the Ottoman Sultan was sure that upon waging holy war in  Vienna, alliances would not be very influential and that the latter  would have great chances of succeeding. This justification eventually ended with the invasion of 1683 that was done under the name of a holy war.What occurred subsequently signified a deep transformation of historical  events for the Muslim world. This was because at that time, King  Leopold was busy preparing for these attacks. He sought alliances from  other members who shared common interests and an example was King  Sobieski of Poland. This King was synonymous with battles against the  Ottomans and he made a promise to King Leopold to support them.  Additionally, the latter ruler also sought support from other parts of  the world such as Saxony, Bavaria and Lorraine. The Siege of Vienna occurred during the month of July through to  September. At that time, the Turks had prepared properly through their  large army size; their ratio overpowered the residents of Vienna at that  time. Additionally, their supplies were in order and they were  therefore in a position to overcome the natives of this area. Given this  inadequate preparation on the part of the Vienna residents, there were  very high chances of failure in this attack. (Laqueur, 2003)But things took a completely different turn given the surprise  appearance of the King of Poland. He arrived with sixty five thousand  members who came from a wide range of coalitions. Some of them came from  Germany, Austria and Poland itself. On that fateful day of September  eleventh, the Ottoman Sultan was not prepared for this surprise.  Consequently, the back part of his army was not adequately covered.  Another miscalculation that the Ottoman Sultan made was that he did not  give his full attention to the King of Poland’s troops. Instead, he  decided to stick to his earlier plan which was to cease the City Of  Vienna. On the other hand, the Kind of Poland (Sobieski) was deeply committed to  overcoming the Turks. He realized the importance of this victory and  even told his army members that their victory would be a victory for the  entire religion of Christianity, consequently, they could not afford to  loose it. All these members attacked the Ottomans on the next day and  managed to clear almost everything that they found along the way. Most  of the Ottomans were very shocked with this attacks and many of them  recoiled from it. Consequently, they became confused and most of them found themselves in a  situation where they could not organize themselves adequately enough to  counter the Poles and their allies. By the end of that day the Ottoman  leader had been hurt and decided to dash off alongside the rest of his  army members.The victory of the Poles and their allies against the Turks was  therefore held as a historic one because it was seen as victory for  Christians. This fact was depicted by the letter that the King of Poland  sent to the Pope who was told about the occurrence. (Griset and Mahan,  2003)This victory in Vienna was also an important driver for change among the  Christians. Most of them began attacking Ottoman Turks. This was seen  when they managed to take hold of Buda which was the capital of Turkey.  This was also backed up by the area of Belgrade in the year 1686. However, it should not be assumed that the Turks took these attacks by  lying down. They actually managed to respond to the matter but their  hold on the issue was not very strong. In fact, this was seen by a  battle that had occurred in September eleventh 1697. Here, the Austrians  attacked the Ottomans and they were able to outnumber them, they ceased  the Sultan’s property alongside his other possessions. Two years later,  the Ottomans decided to retreat completely by signing the treaty of  Karlowitz in which the Ottomans acknowledged the fact that the Austrians  had a claim to Hungary and Transylvania.</blockquote>

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