Reply to thread

Message: <blockquote data-quote="AtulaSiriwardane" data-source="post: 4009562" data-attributes="member: 120286"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junius_Richard_Jayewardene" target="_blank">Junius Richard Jayewardene</a> 1906-1996, b:Sep-17-1906 at Park House on Park  Street, Colombo 2. Aka Dick or Dickie & Junius after his paternal uncle Junius  Quintus Jayawardena, Richard after his maternal uncle Don Richard Wijewardena, a  lawyer by profession, who lived at Park House with the Jayaewardena family. Educated a Royal College,  Colombo.  Prime Minister (1977–78) and President (1978–88) of Sri Lanka. Active  in Sri Lankan politics since the early 1940s, he was a founding member of the  United National Party. Supporting a new presidential constitution (1978), he  stressed free-market, pro-Western policies and large-scale development and won  elections in 1977 and 1982. In 1983, however, he was unable to prevent civil war  between Tamils and majority Sinhalese; the unrest continued through the  remainder of his presidency, despite Indian intervention (1987). J.R. Jayewardene  became a lawyer after attaining a distinguished academic record at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Colombo" target="_blank">University College, Colombo</a> and later at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_Law_College" target="_blank">Colombo Law College</a>.Jayewardene did not practice law for long, however. In 1938 he became an activist in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ceylon_National_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank">Ceylon National Congress</a> (CNC), which provided the organizational platform for Ceylon's nationalist movement (the island was officially renamed Sri Lanka in 1972). He became its Joint Secretary in 1940. He was elected to the colonial legislature, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Council" target="_blank">State Council</a> in 1943. During <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" target="_blank">World War II</a>, Jayewardene, along with other nationalists, contacted theJapanese and discussed a rebellion to drive the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" target="_blank">British</a> from the island. After joining the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_National_Party" target="_blank">United National Party</a> on its formation in 1946, he became <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finance_Minister" target="_blank">Finance Minister</a> in the island’s first Cabinet in 1947.Presidency Jayewardene won a sweeping election victory in 1977 to become Prime Minister. Immediately thereafter, he drew up a new national constitution which created an Executive Presidency with drastic and unchecked powers, and, on its adoption into law, became, in 1978, the first Sri Lankan Executive President. He moved the legislative capital from Colombo to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Jayawardanapura_Kotte" target="_blank">Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte</a>. He opened the heavily state-controlled economy to market forces, which many credit with subsequent economic growth but also with the greater divisions in society. After the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankan_riots_of_1977" target="_blank">1977 riots</a>, the government made one concession to the Tamils; it lifted the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy_of_standardization" target="_blank">policy of standardization</a> for university admission that had driven many Tamil youths into militancy. The concession was regarded by the militants as too little and too late, and violent attacks continued. Jayewardene moved to crack down on the growing activity of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tamil_militant_groups" target="_blank">Tamil militant groups</a>. He passed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act_%28Sri_Lanka%29&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank">Prevention of Terrorism Act</a> in 1979, giving police sweeping powers of arrest and detention. This only escalated the ethnic tensions. Jayewardene claimed he needed overwhelming power to deal with the militants. He had likely SLFP presidential nominee <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirimavo_Bandaranaike" target="_blank">Sirimavo Bandaranaike</a> stripped of her civil rights and barred from running for office for six years, based her decision in 1976 to extend parliament. This ensured that the SLFP would be unable to field a strong candidate against him in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankan_presidential_election,_1982" target="_blank">1982 election</a>, leaving his path to victory clear. The UNP had obtained an overwhelming majority in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election,_1977" target="_blank">1977 elections</a>, and Jayewardene was loth to part with it. He therefore held a referendum to cancel the 1983 parliamentary elections, and allow the 1977 parliament to continue until 1989. He also passed a constitutional amendment barring from Parliament any MP who supported <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separatism" target="_blank">separatism</a>; this effectively eliminated the main opposition party, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_United_Liberation_Front" target="_blank">Tamil United Liberation Front</a>.Legacy On the economic front, Jayewardene's legacy was decisive. For thirty years after independence, Sri Lanka had struggled in vain with slow growth and high unemployment. Since Jayewardene's reforms, the island has maintained healthy growth despite the civil war. On the ethnic question, Jayewardene's legacy is bitterly divisive. When he took office, ethnic tensions were present but the country as a whole was at peace. By the end of his tenure, Sri Lanka was facing not one but two civil wars, both featuring unprecedented levels of violence and brutality. Though Jayewardene indeed did not take measures to stop the attack on Tamils, he was not opposed to them personally, only politically. One of his most esteemed friends was a supreme court judge of Tamil ethnicity, a member of an elite family and raised in Colombo, but who was strongly linked to his Jaffna Tamil heritage. This is but one close Tamil friend of the president's, and it is quite clear that he was not a racist but rather a man who knew how to win the majority.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junius_Richard_Jayewardene#cite_note-JR-death-CNN-4" target="_blank">[5]</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junius_Richard_Jayewardene#cite_note-JR-memory-AsianTribune-5" target="_blank">[6]</a>  Family life Jayewardene married Elina Rupasinghe, Ravi is the only child he was an officer in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Army" target="_blank">Sri Lanka Army</a> and went on to be a presidential adviser on security.Jayewardene retired from politics in 1989; his successor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranasinghe_Premadasa" target="_blank">Ranasinghe Premadasa</a> was formally inaugurated on 2 January 1989. </blockquote>

Verification: Asuwa dahayen wadi kalama keeyada?

Top Bottom