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Message: <blockquote data-quote="AtulaSiriwardane" data-source="post: 3167600" data-attributes="member: 120286"><a href="http://www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=29000" target="_blank">CAA dispute Swiss claims</a>   <img src="/styles/default/xenforo/smilies/default/growl.gif"  class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=":growl:" title="Growl    :growl:" data-shortname=":growl:" /> AP report quotes Swiss authorities as saying Melamine found in biscuits in Sri Lanka;  <a href="http://www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=28993" target="_blank">Enjoining order against chocolates</a>   <img src="/styles/default/xenforo/smilies/default/shocked.gif"  class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=":shocked:" title="Shocked    :shocked:" data-shortname=":shocked:" /> <img src="http://www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/ArticleImages/283_choc80.gif" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />The court today issued an enjoining order against Edna chocolates against the manufacture and distribution of some chocolates over a complaint that there was suspicion it contained traces of melamine.  Why Melamine is dangerous...<img src="/styles/default/xenforo/smilies/default/sorry.gif"  class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=":sorry:" title="Sorry    :sorry:" data-shortname=":sorry:" />  Melamine by itself is nontoxic in low doses, but when combined with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanuric_acid" target="_blank">cyanuric acid</a> it can cause fatal kidney stones due to the formation of an insoluble <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine_cyanurate" target="_blank">melamine cyanurate</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-11" target="_blank">[12]</a> Melamine is described as being "Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Chronic exposure may cause cancer or reproductive damage. Eye, skin and respiratory irritant.” However, the toxic dose is on a par with common table salt with an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_lethal_dose" target="_blank">LD50</a> of more than 3 grams per kilogram of bodyweight.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-12" target="_blank">[13]</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDA" target="_blank">FDA</a> scientists explained that when melamine and cyanuric acid are absorbed into the bloodstream, they concentrate and interact in the urine-filled renal microtubules, then crystallize and form large numbers of round, yellow crystals, which in turn block and damage the renal cells that line the tubes, causing the kidneys to malfunction.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-13" target="_blank">[14]</a><a href="http://www.elakiri.com/forum/" target="_blank">http://www.elakiri.com/forum/</a>Acute toxicityMelamine is reported to have an oral LD50 of 3248 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milligram" target="_blank">mg</a>/kg based on rat data. It is also an irritant when inhaled or in contact with the skin or eyes. The reported dermal LD50 is >1000 mg/kg for rabbits.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-melaminemsds-14" target="_blank">[15]</a> In a 1945 study, large doses of melamine were given orally to rats, rabbits and dogs with "no significant toxic effects" observed.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-15" target="_blank">[16]</a>A study by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSR" target="_blank">USSR</a> researchers in the 1980s suggested that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine_cyanurate" target="_blank">melamine cyanurate</a>, commonly used as a fire retardant<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-16" target="_blank">[17]</a>, could be more toxic than either melamine or cyanuric acid alone.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-17" target="_blank">[18]</a> For rats and mice, the reported LD50 for melamine cyanurate was 4.1 g/kg (given inside the stomach) and 3.5 g/kg (via inhalation), compared to 6.0 and 4.3 g/kg for melamine and 7.7 and 3.4 g/kg for cyanuric acid, respectively.A toxicology study conducted after recalls of contaminated pet food concluded that the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid in diet does lead to acute renal failure in cats.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-UCDavis-18" target="_blank">[19]</a><a href="http://www.elakiri.com/forum/" target="_blank">http://www.elakiri.com/forum/</a>Chronic toxicityIngestion of melamine may lead to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduction" target="_blank">reproductive damage</a>, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladder" target="_blank">bladder</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone" target="_blank">kidney stones</a>, which can lead to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_cancer" target="_blank">bladder cancer</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-melaminemsds-14" target="_blank">[15]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-19" target="_blank">[20]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-20" target="_blank">[21]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-21" target="_blank">[22]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-22" target="_blank">[23]</a>A study in 1953 reported that dogs fed 3% melamine for a year had the following changes in their urine: (1) reduced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_gravity" target="_blank">specific gravity</a>, (2) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyuria" target="_blank">increased output</a>, (3) melamine <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalluria" target="_blank">crystalluria</a>, and (4) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinuria" target="_blank">protein</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematuria" target="_blank">occult blood</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-23" target="_blank">[24]</a>A survey commissioned by the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians suggested that crystals formed in the kidneys melamine combined with cyanuric acid, "don't dissolve easily. They go away slowly, if at all, so there is the potential for chronic toxicity."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-MSUsurvey-24" target="_blank">[25]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-AAVLDproceedings-25" target="_blank">[26]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine#cite_note-AVMAsurvey-26" target="_blank">[27]</a></blockquote>

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