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Message: <blockquote data-quote="sirajstc" data-source="post: 2862943" data-attributes="member: 91140"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mugabecloseup2008.jpg/200px-Mugabecloseup2008.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />"Mugabe" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugabe_%28disambiguation%29" target="_blank">Mugabe (disambiguation)</a>.    Robert Gabriel Mugabe    <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mugabecloseup2008.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mugabecloseup2008.jpg/200px-Mugabecloseup2008.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>Mugabe at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union" target="_blank">African Union</a> summit in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addis_Ababa" target="_blank">Addis Ababa</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia" target="_blank">Ethiopia</a> on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_31" target="_blank">31 January</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008" target="_blank">2008</a>.      <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Zimbabwe" target="_blank">President of Zimbabwe</a>    <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent" target="_blank">Incumbent</a>   Assumed office <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_31" target="_blank">31 December</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987" target="_blank">1987</a>   Vice President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Msika" target="_blank">Joseph Msika</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joice_Mujuru" target="_blank">Joice Mujuru</a>   Preceded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaan_Banana" target="_blank">Canaan Banana</a>     <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zimbabwe" target="_blank">Prime Minister of Zimbabwe</a>    In office<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_18" target="_blank">18 April</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" target="_blank">1980</a> – <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_31" target="_blank">31 December</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987" target="_blank">1987</a>   President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaan_Banana" target="_blank">Canaan Banana</a>   Preceded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel_Muzorewa" target="_blank">Abel Muzorewa</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Rhodesia" target="_blank">Zimbabwe Rhodesia</a>)   Succeeded by Post abolished     <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_General_of_Non-Aligned_Movement" target="_blank">Secretary General of Non-Aligned Movement</a>    In office<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_06" target="_blank">06 September</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986" target="_blank">1986</a> – <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_07" target="_blank">07 September</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989" target="_blank">1989</a>   Succeeded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_Drnov%C5%A1ek" target="_blank">Janez Drnovšek</a>       Born 21 February 1924 (1924-02-21) (age 84)<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kutama_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank">Kutama</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harare" target="_blank">Salisbury</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" target="_blank">Southern Rhodesia</a>   Political party <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union_%E2%80%93_Patriotic_Front" target="_blank">ZANU-PF</a>   Spouse <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Hayfron" target="_blank">Sally Hayfron</a> (deceased)Grace Marufu   <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" target="_blank">Alma mater</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Fort_Hare" target="_blank">University of Fort Hare</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_London" target="_blank">University of London</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Africa" target="_blank">University of South Africa</a>   Religion <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic" target="_blank">Roman Catholic</a>   Signature <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Signature_of_Robert_Mugabe_clear.svg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Signature_of_Robert_Mugabe_clear.svg/128px-Signature_of_Robert_Mugabe_clear.svg.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>   Robert Gabriel Mugabe (born <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_21" target="_blank">February 21</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924" target="_blank">1924</a>) is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" target="_blank">Zimbabwean</a> politician. He has served as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_government" target="_blank">head of government</a> since 1980, as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister" target="_blank">Prime Minister</a> from 1980 to 1987 and as the first executive <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Zimbabwe" target="_blank">President</a> since 1987.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-chan2003-0" target="_blank">[1]</a> Since the run-off election of 2008 his legitimacy as president has been called into question; the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34th_G8_summit" target="_blank">G8 nations</a> released a statement in July saying they "do not accept the legitimacy of a government that does not reflect the will of the Zimbabwean people".<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-bbc001-1" target="_blank">[2]</a> He rose to prominence in the 1960s as the Secretary general of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union" target="_blank">Zimbabwe African National Union</a> (ZANU). For many years in the 60s and 70s Mugabe was a political prisoner in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia" target="_blank">Rhodesia</a>. His goal was to replace white minority-rule with a one-party <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxist" target="_blank">Marxist</a> regime.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-2" target="_blank">[3]</a> He left Rhodesia in 1976 to join the Zimbabwe Liberation Struggle (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" target="_blank">Rhodesian Bush War</a>) from bases in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" target="_blank">Mozambique</a>. At the end of the war in 1979, Mugabe emerged as a hero in the minds of Africans.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-KK1-3" target="_blank">[4]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-biles2007-4" target="_blank">[5]</a> He won the general elections of 1980, the second in which the majority black Africans participated, amid reports of violent intimidation by the militant freedom fighters he now controlled. Mugabe then became the first Prime Minister of black-ruled Zimbabwe after calling for reconciliation between formerly warring parties, including the white people as well as rival parties. The early years of Mugabe's rule saw killings targeting the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndebele" target="_blank">Ndebele</a> tribe in the Matabeleland and Midlands areas of Zimbabwe. Since 1998 Mugabe's policies have increasingly elicited domestic and international denunciation. His government pursued a costly intervention in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Congo_War" target="_blank">Second Congo War</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expropriate" target="_blank">expropriated</a> thousands of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe%27s_white_minority" target="_blank">white-owned</a> farms, printed hundreds of trillions of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar" target="_blank">Zimbabwean dollars</a> triggering <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflation" target="_blank">hyperinflation</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-5" target="_blank">[6]</a> and has been accused of harassing and intimidating political opponents, particularly members of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_for_Democratic_Change" target="_blank">Movement for Democratic Change</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-6" target="_blank">[7]</a> Zimbabwe's economy spiraled downward,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-manfist-7" target="_blank">[8]</a> with food and oil shortages,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-8" target="_blank">[9]</a> and with massive internal displacement<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-9" target="_blank">[10]</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigration" target="_blank">emigration</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-10" target="_blank">[11]</a> During this period Mugabe's policies have been denounced in the West and at home as racist against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe%27s_white_minority" target="_blank">Zimbabwe's white minority</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-ukanger-11" target="_blank">[12]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-mcgreal2007-12" target="_blank">[13]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-bentley2007-13" target="_blank">[14]</a> Mugabe has described his critics as "born again colonialists",<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-14" target="_blank">[15]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-egbuna-15" target="_blank">[16]</a> and both he and his supporters claim Zimbabwe's problems are the legacy of imperialism,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-16" target="_blank">[17]</a> aggravated by Western economic meddling. Mugabe lost the first round of the 2008 election to opposition leader <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Tsvangirai" target="_blank">Morgan Tsvangirai</a>, 43% to 48%, though neither candidate secured the 50% necessary to avoid a runoff election. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_for_Democratic_Change" target="_blank">MDC</a> claimed that the official results had been altered to force a run-off vote, since their returns suggested that Tsvangirai had received 50.3% of the vote.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe#cite_note-17" target="_blank">[18]</a></blockquote>

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