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Message: <blockquote data-quote="imhotep" data-source="post: 29257604" data-attributes="member: 562115">Forgot my usual post about the Nobel Prize winners till now.... even though planned to do so.The Prizes Awarded so far...<h3>The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023</h3>Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier “for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”The three Nobel Laureates in Physics 2023 are being recognised for their experiments, which have given humanity new tools for exploring the world of electrons inside atoms and molecules. Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier have demonstrated a way to create extremely short pulses of light that can be used to measure the rapid processes in which electrons move or change energy.Fast-moving events flow into each other when perceived by humans, just like a film that consists of still images is perceived as continual movement. If we want to investigate really brief events, we need special technology. In the world of electrons, changes occur in a few tenths of an attosecond – an attosecond is so short that there are as many in one second as there have been seconds since the birth of the universe.The laureates’ experiments have produced pulses of light so short that they are measured in attoseconds, thus demonstrating that these pulses can be used to provide images of processes inside atoms and molecules.<h3>The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023</h3>Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman “for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19”The discoveries by the two Nobel Laureates were critical for developing effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 during the pandemic that began in early 2020. Through their groundbreaking findings, which have fundamentally changed our understanding of how mRNA interacts with our immune system, the laureates contributed to the unprecedented rate of vaccine development during one of the greatest threats to human health in modern times.(Note: The University of Pennsylvania also claims credit for this achievement as they were former affiliates of the Penn Medicine Research team. However, Katalin was forced to leave as the funding dried out.)Please also read the Penn Medicine news report from the link below.<a href="https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/news-releases/2023/october/katalin-kariko-and-drew-weissman-win-2023-nobel-prize-in-medicine#:~:text=PHILADELPHIA%20%E2%80%93%20The%20University%20of%20Pennsylvania,been%20named%20winners%20of%20the" target="_blank">https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/news-releases/2023/october/katalin-kariko-and-drew-weissman-win-2023-nobel-prize-in-medicine#:~:text=PHILADELPHIA – The University of Pennsylvania,been named winners of the</a><h3>The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023</h3>Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov “for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots”The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023 rewards the discovery and development of quantum dots, nanoparticles so tiny that their size determines their properties. These smallest components of nanotechnology now spread their light from televisions and LED lamps, and can also guide surgeons when they remove tumour tissue, among many other things.Everyone who studies chemistry learns that an element’s properties are governed by how many electrons it has. However, when matter shrinks to nano-dimensions quantum phenomena arise; these are governed by the size of the matter. The Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 2023 have succeeded in producing particles so small that their properties are determined by quantum phenomena. The particles, which are called quantum dots, are now of great importance in nanotechnology.They added colour to nanotechnology.<h3>The Nobel Prize in Literature 2023</h3>The Norwegian Author - Jon Fosse “for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”<h3>The Nobel Peace Prize 2023</h3>This will be announced today at 11:00 CEST which is almost 9 hours from now!</blockquote>

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