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Message: <blockquote data-quote="imhotep" data-source="post: 30271407" data-attributes="member: 562115">Usually post the nobel Laureates but this time I was away in Japan.Here are the winners 2024.<h3>The Nobel Prize in Physics 2024</h3>John J. HopfieldPrinceton University, NJ, USAGeoffrey E. HintonUniversity of Toronto, Canada“for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”John Hopfield invented a network that uses a method for saving and recreating patterns. We can imagine the nodes as pixels. The Hopfield network utilises physics that describes a material’s characteristics due to its atomic spin – a property that makes each atom a tiny magnet. The network as a whole is described in a manner equivalent to the energy in the spin system found in physics, and is trained by finding values for the connections between the nodes so that the saved images have low energy. When the Hopfield network is fed a distorted or incomplete image, it methodically works through the nodes and updates their values so the network’s energy falls. The network thus works stepwise to find the saved image that is most like the imperfect one it was fed with.Geoffrey Hinton used the Hopfield network as the foundation for a new network that uses a different method: the Boltzmann machine. This can learn to recognise characteristic elements in a given type of data. Hinton used tools from statistical physics, the science of systems built from many similar components. The machine is trained by feeding it examples that are very likely to arise when the machine is run. The Boltzmann machine can be used to classify images or create new examples of the type of pattern on which it was trained. Hinton has built upon this work, helping initiate the current explosive development of machine learning.<h3>The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024</h3>Jointly to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkunfor the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulationThis year’s Nobel Prize honors two scientists for their discovery of a fundamental principle governing how gene activity is regulated.Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun were interested in how different cell types develop. They discovered microRNA, a new class of tiny RNA molecules that play a crucial role in gene regulation. Their groundbreaking discovery revealed a completely new principle of gene regulation that turned out to be essential for multicellular organisms, including humans. It is now known that the human genome codes for over one thousand microRNAs. Their surprising discovery revealed an entirely new dimension to gene regulation. MicroRNAs are proving to be fundamentally important for how organisms develop and function.<h3>The Nobel Prize in Literature 2024</h3>The Nobel Prize in Literature 2024 is awarded to the South Korean author Han Kang, “for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life.”<h3>The Nobel Peace Prize 2024</h3>Japanese organisation Nihon Hidankyo. This grassroots movement of atomic bomb survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, also known as Hibakusha, is receiving the Peace Prize for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again.PS: Only member [USER=179431]@ex-muslim Ahmed[/USER] posted on the Physics prize.</blockquote>

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