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Message: <blockquote data-quote="gayan kalhara" data-source="post: 3339715" data-attributes="member: 60168"><p><strong>Decisions 5.1 If statement</strong></p><p></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong>5.1 If statement</strong></p> <p style="text-align: center"></p><p style="text-align: left">so here is a short program to compute</p> <p style="text-align: left">the absolute value of a number:</p> <p style="text-align: left"></p> <p style="text-align: left">n = input("Number? ")</p> <p style="text-align: left">if n < 0:</p> <p style="text-align: left">print "The absolute value of",n,"is",-n</p> <p style="text-align: left">else:</p> <p style="text-align: left">print "The absolute value of",n,"is",n</p> <p style="text-align: left"></p> <p style="text-align: left">Here is the output from the two times that I ran this program:</p> <p style="text-align: left"></p> <p style="text-align: left">Number? -34</p> <p style="text-align: left">The absolute value of -34 is 34</p> <p style="text-align: left">Number? 1</p> <p style="text-align: left">The absolute value of 1 is 1</p> <p style="text-align: left"></p> <p style="text-align: left">So what does the computer do when when it sees this piece of code? First it prompts the user for a number with the</p> <p style="text-align: left">statement n = input("Number? "). Next it reads the line if n < 0: If n is less than zero Python runs</p> <p style="text-align: left">the line print "The absolute value of",n,"is",-n. Otherwise python runs the line print "The</p> <p style="text-align: left">absolute value of",n,"is",n.</p> <p style="text-align: left">More formally Python looks at whether the expression n < 0 is true or false. A if statement is followed by a block</p> <p style="text-align: left">of statements that are run when the expression is true. Optionally after the if statement is a else statement. The</p> <p style="text-align: left">else statement is run if the expression is false.</p> <p style="text-align: left">There are several different tests that a expression can have. Here is a table of all of them:</p> <p style="text-align: left">operator function</p> <p style="text-align: left"></p> <p style="text-align: left">< less than</p> <p style="text-align: left"><= less than or equal to</p> <p style="text-align: left">> greater than</p> <p style="text-align: left">>= greater than or equal to</p> <p style="text-align: left">== equal</p> <p style="text-align: left">!= not equal</p> <p style="text-align: left"><> another way to say not equal</p> <p style="text-align: left"></p> <p style="text-align: left">Another feature of the if command is the elif statement. It stands for else if and means if the original if statement</p> <p style="text-align: left">17</p> <p style="text-align: left">is false and then the elif part is true do that part. Here’s a example:</p> <p style="text-align: left">a = 0</p> <p style="text-align: left">while a < 10:</p> <p style="text-align: left">a = a + 1</p> <p style="text-align: left">if a > 5:</p> <p style="text-align: left">print a," > ",5</p> <p style="text-align: left">elif a <= 7:</p> <p style="text-align: left">print a," <= ",7</p> <p style="text-align: left">else:</p> <p style="text-align: left">print "Neither test was true"</p> <p style="text-align: left">and the output:</p> <p style="text-align: left">1 <= 7</p> <p style="text-align: left">2 <= 7</p> <p style="text-align: left">3 <= 7</p> <p style="text-align: left">4 <= 7</p> <p style="text-align: left">5 <= 7</p> <p style="text-align: left">6 > 5</p> <p style="text-align: left">7 > 5</p> <p style="text-align: left">8 > 5</p> <p style="text-align: left">9 > 5</p> <p style="text-align: left">10 > 5</p> <p style="text-align: left">Notice how the elif a <= 7 is only tested when the if statement fail to be true. elif allows multiple tests to be done in a single if statement.</p> <p style="text-align: left"></p> </p></blockquote><p></p>

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