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Message: <blockquote data-quote="bat2007" data-source="post: 6604864" data-attributes="member: 134658">Mena macho magen Educational info tikak man hithanawa mewa dana gena ina 1ka ada kale katath hodai kyala !!ithin tika welawak aragena meka kiyawana cz SL wala Sex education nathi nisa mewa gana katawath hari knwledge 1k naabut 1ka loku aduwak .... SL wala AIDS/STD preventing programme 1ke link 1kth thiyenwa !!                                National STD/AIDS Control  Program Sri Lanka - <a href="http://www.aidscontrol.gov.lk/me/PMIS/#" target="_blank">http://www.aidscontrol.gov.lk/me/PMIS/#</a>Facts About STD              <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">65 million of people living in the US with <a href="http://www.std-gov.org/stds/std.htm" target="_blank">STD</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">15 million of new STD cases each year</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">2/3 of all STD's occurs in people 25 yrs of age or younger</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">one in four  new STD cases occur in teenagers</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"> cervical cancer in women is linked to <a href="http://www.std-gov.org/stds/hpv_warts.htm" target="_blank">HPV</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"> doctors are required to report newly diagnosed STD cases of <a href="http://www.std-gov.org/stds/gonorrhea.htm" target="_blank">gonorrhea</a>, <a href="http://www.std-gov.org/stds/syphilis.htm" target="_blank">syphilis</a>, <a href="http://www.std-gov.org/stds/chlamydia.htm" target="_blank">chlamydia</a> and <a href="http://www.std-gov.org/stds/hepatitis.htm" target="_blank">hepatitis B</a> to  state health departments and the CDC</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">one in four Americans have <a href="http://www.std-gov.org/stds/herpes.htm" target="_blank"> genital herpes</a>, 80%  of those with herpes are unaware they have it</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"> at least one in four Americans will contract an STD at some  point in their lives</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"> 15% of all infertile American women are infertile because of  tubal damage caused by untreated STD</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"> 12% of all infertile American men are infertile because of  inflammation of the testicles and sterility caused by untreated STD</li> </ul>Picture  of the  aids       virus              <a href="http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std" target="_blank">       <img src="http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/std_images/hiv_slide.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>              <a href="http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std" target="_blank">       <img src="http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/std_images/hiv3D.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>Classification  and terminology Specifically, the term STD refers only to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection" target="_blank">infections</a>  that are causing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptom" target="_blank">symptoms</a>. Because most of the time people do not  know that they are infected with an STD until they start showing  symptoms of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease" target="_blank">disease</a>, most people use the term STD, even though  the term STI is also appropriate in many cases. Moreover, the term sexually transmissible disease is sometimes  used since it is less restrictive in consideration of other factors or  means of transmission. For instance, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis" target="_blank">meningitis</a>  is transmissible by means of sexual contact but is not labeled as an  STI because sexual contact is not the primary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_%28epidemiology%29" target="_blank">vector</a> for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen" target="_blank">pathogens</a>  that cause meningitis. This discrepancy is addressed by the probability  of infection by means other than sexual contact. In general, an  STI is an infection that has a negligible probability of transmission by  means other than sexual contact, but has a realistic means of  transmission by sexual contact (more sophisticated means—<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_transfusion" target="_blank">blood transfusion</a>, sharing of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle" target="_blank">hypodermic needles</a>—are not taken into account). Thus, one  may presume that, if a person is infected with an STI, e.g., <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_infection" target="_blank">chlamydia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea" target="_blank">gonorrhea</a>,  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genital_herpes" target="_blank">genital herpes</a>, it was transmitted to  him/her by means of sexual contact. The diseases on this list are most commonly transmitted solely by  sexual activity. Many infectious diseases, including the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold" target="_blank">common  cold</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza" target="_blank">influenza</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia" target="_blank">pneumonia</a>,  and most others that are transmitted person-to-person can also be  transmitted during sexual contact, if one person is infected, due to the  close contact involved. However, even though these diseases may be  transmitted during sex, they are not considered STDs. Bacterial <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancroid" target="_blank">Chancroid</a>  (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_ducreyi" target="_blank">Haemophilus ducreyi</a>)</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_infection" target="_blank">Chlamydia</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatis" target="_blank">Chlamydia trachomatis</a>)</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granuloma_inguinale" target="_blank">Granuloma inguinale</a> or (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klebsiella_granulomatis" target="_blank">Klebsiella granulomatis</a>)</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea" target="_blank">Gonorrhea</a>  (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_gonorrhoeae" target="_blank">Neisseria gonorrhoeae</a>)</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis" target="_blank">Syphilis</a>  (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treponema_pallidum" target="_blank">Treponema pallidum</a>)</li> </ul>Fungal <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinea_cruris" target="_blank">Tinea cruris</a> "Jock Itch" (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichophyton_rubrum" target="_blank">Trichophyton rubrum</a> and others)—Sexually  transmissible</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidiasis" target="_blank">Candidiasis</a> or "yeast Infection"</li> </ul>Viral <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_hepatitis" target="_blank">Viral hepatitis</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_virus" target="_blank">Hepatitis B virus</a>)—saliva, venereal fluids. (Note: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A" target="_blank">Hepatitis A</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_E" target="_blank">Hepatitis  E</a> are transmitted via the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal-oral_route" target="_blank">fecal-oral route</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C" target="_blank">Hepatitis  C</a> (liver cancer) is rarely sexually transmittable,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_disease#cite_note-Workowski-1" target="_blank">[2]</a>  and the route of transmission of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D" target="_blank">Hepatitis  D</a> (only if infected with B) is uncertain, but may include sexual  transmission.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_disease#cite_note-2" target="_blank">[3]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_disease#cite_note-3" target="_blank">[4]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_disease#cite_note-4" target="_blank">[5]</a>)</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex" target="_blank">Herpes simplex</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex_virus" target="_blank">Herpes simplex virus</a> 1, 2) skin and mucosal,  transmissible with or without visible blisters</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV" target="_blank">HIV</a>/ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS" target="_blank">AIDS</a> (Human  Immunodeficiency Virus)— venereal fluids</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPV" target="_blank">HPV</a> (Human Papilloma Virus)— skin and  mucosal contact. 'High risk' types of HPV are known to cause most types  of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer" target="_blank">cervical cancer</a>, as well as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_cancer" target="_blank">anal</a>,  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penile_cancer" target="_blank">penile</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulvar_cancer" target="_blank">vulvar  cancer</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genital_warts" target="_blank">genital warts</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molluscum_contagiosum" target="_blank">Molluscum contagiosum</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molluscum_contagiosum_virus" target="_blank">molluscum contagiosum virus</a>  MCV)—close contact</li> </ul>Parasites <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_louse" target="_blank">Crab  louse</a>, colloquially known as "crabs" (Phthirius pubis)</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scabies" target="_blank">Scabies</a>  (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoptes_scabiei" target="_blank">Sarcoptes scabiei</a>)</li> </ul>Protozoal <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichomoniasis" target="_blank">Trichomoniasis</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichomonas_vaginalis" target="_blank">Trichomonas vaginalis</a>)</li> </ul>Sexually transmitted  enteric infections Various bacterial (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigella" target="_blank">Shigella</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacter" target="_blank">Campylobacter</a>,  or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella" target="_blank">Salmonella</a>),  viral (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A" target="_blank">Hepatitis A</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoviruses" target="_blank">Adenoviruses</a>), or parasitic (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giardia" target="_blank">Giardia</a>  or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeba" target="_blank">amoeba</a>) pathogens are transmitted by sexual  practices that promote <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal%E2%80%93oral_sex" target="_blank">anal-oral contamination</a> (fecal-oral). Sharing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_toys" target="_blank">sex toys</a> without washing or multiple partnered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barebacking" target="_blank">barebacking</a> can promote anal-anal contamination.  Although the bacterial pathogens may coexist with or cause <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proctitis" target="_blank">proctitis</a>,  they usually produce symptoms (diarrhea, fever, bloating, nausea, and  abdominal pain) suggesting disease more proximal in the GI tract.Prevention Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_sex" target="_blank">Safe sex</a> Prevention is key in addressing incurable STIs, such as HIV &  herpes. The most effective way to prevent sexual transmission of STIs is to  avoid contact of body parts or fluids which can lead to transfer with an  infected partner. No contact minimizes risk. Not all sexual activities  involve contact: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybersex" target="_blank">cybersex</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonesex" target="_blank">phonesex</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masturbation" target="_blank">masturbation</a>  from a distance are methods of avoiding contact. Proper use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condom" target="_blank">condoms</a>  reduces contact and risk. Ideally, both partners should get tested for STIs before initiating  sexual contact, or before resuming contact if a partner engaged in  contact with someone else. Many infections are not detectable  immediately after exposure, so enough time must be allowed between  possible exposures and testing for the tests to be accurate. Certain  STIs, particularly certain persistent viruses like HPV, may be  impossible to detect with current medical procedures. Many diseases that establish permanent infections can so occupy the  immune system that other diseases become more easily transmitted. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system" target="_blank">innate immune system</a> led by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensins" target="_blank">defensins</a> against HIV can prevent transmission  of HIV when viral counts are very low, but if busy with other viruses or  overwhelmed, HIV can establish itself. Certain viral STI's also greatly  increase the risk of death for HIV infected patients. Vaccines Vaccines are available that protect against some viral STIs, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine" target="_blank">Hepatitis B</a> and some types of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPV_vaccine" target="_blank">HPV</a>.  Vaccination before initiation of sexual contact is advised to assure  maximal protection. Condoms <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condom" target="_blank">Condoms</a>  only provide protection when used properly as a barrier, and only to  and from the area that it covers. Uncovered areas are still  susceptible to many STDs. In the case of HIV, sexual transmission  routes almost always involve the penis, as HIV cannot spread through  unbroken skin, thus properly shielding the insertive penis with a  properly worn condom from the vagina and anus effectively stops HIV  transmission. An infected fluid to broken skin borne direct  transmission of HIV would not be considered "sexually transmitted", but  can still theoretically occur during sexual contact, this can be avoided  simply by not engaging in sexual contact when having open bleeding  wounds. Other STDs, even viral infections, can be prevented with the use  of latex condoms as a barrier. Some microorganisms and viruses  are small enough to pass through the pores in natural skin condoms,  but are still too large to pass through latex condoms. Condoms are designed, tested, and manufactured to never fail if used  properly. There has not been one documented case of an HIV transmission  due to an improperly manufactured condom Proper usage entails: <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Not putting the condom on too tight at the end, and leaving 1.5 cm  (3/4 inch) room at the tip for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejaculation" target="_blank">ejaculation</a>.  Putting the condom on snug can and often does lead to failure.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Wearing a condom too loose can defeat the barrier.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Avoiding inverting, spilling a condom once worn, whether it has  ejaculate in it or not, even for a second.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Avoiding condoms made of substances other than latex or  polyurethane, as they don't protect against HIV.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Avoiding the use of oil based lubricants (or anything with oil in  it) with latex condoms, as oil can eat holes into them.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Using flavored condoms for oral sex only, as the sugar in the  flavoring can lead to yeast infections if used to penetrate.</li> </ul>Not following the first five guidelines above perpetuates the common  misconception that condoms aren't tested or designed properly. In order to best protect oneself and the partner from STIs, the old  condom and its contents should be assumed to be still infectious.  Therefore the old condom must be properly disposed of. A new condom  should be used for each act of intercourse, as multiple usage increases  the chance of breakage, defeating the primary purpose as a barrier. Nonoxynol-9 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonoxynol-9" target="_blank">Nonoxynol-9</a> a vaginal microbicide was hoped to  decrease STD rates. Trials however have found it ineffective.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_disease#cite_note-8" target="_blank">[9]</a> Diagnosis STI <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_test" target="_blank">tests</a> may test for a single infection, or  consist of a number of individual tests for any of a wide range of STIs,  including tests for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis" target="_blank">syphilis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichomonas" target="_blank">trichomonas</a>,  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea" target="_blank">gonorrhea</a>,  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_infection" target="_blank">chlamydia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes" target="_blank">herpes</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis" target="_blank">hepatitis</a>  and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_test" target="_blank">HIV  tests</a>. No procedure tests for all infectious agents. STI tests may be used for a number of reasons: <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnostic_test" target="_blank">diagnostic test</a> to determine the cause of  symptoms or illness</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screening_test" target="_blank">screening test</a> to detect  asymptomatic or presymptomatic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection" target="_blank">infections</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">as a check that prospective sexual partners are free of disease  before they engage in sex without <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safer_sex" target="_blank">safer sex</a> precautions (for example, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bareback_%28sex%29#Fluid_bonding" target="_blank">fluid bonding</a>, or for procreation).</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">as a check prior to or during pregnancy, to prevent harm to the baby</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">as a check after birth, to check that the baby has not caught an STI  from the mother</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">to prevent the use of infected <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_donation" target="_blank">donated blood</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_donation" target="_blank">organs</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">as part of the process of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_tracing" target="_blank">contact tracing</a> from a known infected individual</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">as part of mass <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiological" target="_blank">epidemiological</a>  surveillance</li> </ul>Not all STIs are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptom" target="_blank">symptomatic</a>, and symptoms may not appear immediately  after infection. In some instances a disease can be carried with no  symptoms, which leaves a greater risk of passing the disease on to  others. Depending on the disease, some untreated STIs can lead to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infertility" target="_blank">infertility</a>,  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_pain" target="_blank">chronic pain</a> or even death.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_disease#cite_note-STI_video-9" target="_blank">[10]</a>  Early identification and treatment results in less chance to spread  disease, and for some conditions may improve the outcomes of treatment. There is often a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_period" target="_blank">window period</a> after initial infection during  which an STI test will be negative. During this period the infection may  be transmissible. The duration of this period varies depending on the  infection and the test. Treatment High risk exposure such as what occurs in rape cases may be treated  prophylacticly using antibiotic combinations such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycin" target="_blank">azithromycin</a>,  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefixime" target="_blank">cefixime</a>,  and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazole" target="_blank">metronidazole</a>. An option for treating partners of patients (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_case" target="_blank">index  cases</a>) diagnosed with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia" target="_blank">chlamydia</a>  or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea" target="_blank">gonorrhea</a>  is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient-delivered_partner_therapy" target="_blank">patient-delivered  partner therapy</a> (PDT or PDPT), which is the clinical practice  of treating the sex partners of index cases by providing prescriptions  or medications to the patient to take to his/her partner without the  health care provider first examining the partner.Pictures of  the       effects of Aids       [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,  sans-serif]Kaposi's       sarcoma on the trunk and leg of a person affected with AIDS[/FONT]               <a href="http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std" target="_blank">        <img src="http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/std_images/aidsbody.gif" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a> <a href="http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std" target="_blank">        <img src="http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/std_images/aids_effects.gif" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>       Image source :  Afraid To Ask        http://www.afraidtoask.com               <a href="http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std" target="_blank">       <img src="http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/std_images/AIDS_sore.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a> </blockquote>

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