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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Dhamatrix" data-source="post: 7026157" data-attributes="member: 145926">The History of CDS Computer Data Storage Nowadays we are used to having hundreds of gigabytes of storage  capacity in our computers. Even tiny MP3 players and other handheld  devices usually have several gigabytes of storage. This was pure science  fiction only a few decades ago. For example, the first hard disk drive  to have gigabyte capacity was as big as a refrigerator, and that was in  1980. Not so long ago! The Selectron tube The Selectron tube had a capacity of 256 to 4096 bits (32 to 512  bytes). The 4096-bit Selectron was 10 inches long and 3 inches wide.  Originally developed in 1946, the memory storage device proved expensive  and suffered from production problems, so it never became a success. <img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3214/2397460107_bb174c2334_o.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> Above: The 1024-bit Selectron. Punch cards Early computers often used punch cards for input both of programs and  data. Punch cards were in common use until the mid-1970s. It should be  noted that the use of punch cards predates computers. They were used as  early as 1725 in the textile industry (for controlling mechanized  textile looms). <img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2414/2398292022_d3e8a53bf3_o.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> Above: Card from a Fortran program: Z(1) = Y + W(1) <img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3112/2397460077_f3cfface77_o.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> Above left: Punch card reader. Above right:  Punch card writer. Punched tape Same as with punch cards, punched tape was originally pioneered by  the textile industry for use with mechanized looms. For computers, punch  tape could be used for data input but also as a medium to output data.  Each row on the tape represented one character. <img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2092/2397460141_585d99eb80_o.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> Above: 8-level punch tape (8 holes per row). Magnetic drum memory Invented all the way back in 1932 (in Austria), it was widely used in  the 1950s and 60s as the main working memory of computers. In the  mid-1950s, magnetic drum memory had a capacity of around 10 kB. <img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2374/2398291956_323bfb5f4e_o.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> Above left: The magnetic Drum Memory of the UNIVAC  computer. Above right: A 16-inch-long drum from the IBM  650 computer. It had 40 tracks, 10 kB of storage space, and spun at  12,500 revolutions per minute. The hard disk drive The first hard disk drive was the IBM Model 350 Disk File that came  with the IBM 305 RAMAC computer in 1956. It had 50 24-inch discs with a  total storage capacity of 5 million characters (just under 5 MB). <img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3088/2398292066_5bdce51007_o.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> Above: IBM Model 350, the first-ever hard disk  drive. The first hard drive to have more than 1 GB in capacity was the IBM  3380 in 1980 (it could store 2.52 GB). It was the size of a  refrigerator, weighed 550 pounds (250 kg), and the price when it was  introduced ranged from $81,000 to $142,400. <img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2096/2398291986_8ac48b17f4_o.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> Above left: A 250 MB hard disk drive from 1979. Above  right: The IBM 3380 from 1980, the first gigabyte-capacity  hard disk drive. The Laserdisc We mention it here mainly because it was the precursor to the CD-ROM  and other optical storage solutions. It was mainly used for movies. The  first commercially available laserdisc system was available on the  market late in 1978 (then called Laser Videodisc and the more funkily  branded DiscoVision) and were 11.81 inches (30 cm) in diameter. The  discs could have up to 60 minutes of audio/video on each side. The first  laserdiscs had entirely analog content. The basic technology behind  laserdiscs was invented all the way back in 1958. <img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2139/2398292036_66a9379773_o.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> Above left: A Laserdisc next to a regular DVD. Above  right: Another Laserdisc. The floppy disc The diskette, or floppy disk (named so because they were flexible),  was invented by IBM and in common use from the mid-1970s to the late  1990s. The first floppy disks were 8 inches, and later in came 5.25 and  3.5-inch formats. The first floppy disk, introduced in 1971, had a  capacity of 79.7 kB, and was read-only. A read-write version came a year  later. <img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3216/2397460125_2764a1f8a6_o.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> Above left: An 8-inch floppy and floppy drive next  to a regular 3.5-inch floppy disk. Above right: The  convenience of easily removable storage media. Magnetic tape Magnetic tape was first used for data storage in 1951. The tape  device was called UNISERVO and was the main I/O device on the UNIVAC I  computer. The effective transfer rate for the UNISERVO was about 7,200  characters per second. The tapes were metal and 1200 feet long (365  meters) and therefore very heavy. <img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2238/2397460039_93bc235866_o.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> Above left: The row of tape drives for the UNIVAC I  computer. Above right: The IBM 3410 Magnetic Tape  Subsystem, introduced in 1971. And of course, we can’t mention magnetic tape without also mentioning  the standard compact cassette, which was a popular way of data storage  for personal computers in the late 70s and 80s. Typical data rates for  compact cassettes were 2,000 bit/s. You could store about 660 kB per  side on a 90-minute tape. <img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2115/2397460065_c85ae7b8b5_o.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> Above left: The standard compact cassette. Above  right: The Commodore Datassette is sure to bring up fond  memories for people who grew up in the 80s. Picture sources: <a href="http://home.att.net/%7Ethercaselectron/index1.html" target="_blank">The  Selectron</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:FortranCardPROJ039.agr.jpg" target="_blank">The  punch card</a>. The <a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/yatrik/CPUAlbum/photo#5043516456065641794" target="_blank">punch  card reader</a> and <a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/yatrik/CPUAlbum/photo#5043516481835445602" target="_blank">writer</a>.  <a href="http://www.nic.funet.fi/index/FUNET/history/internet/en/reika.html" target="_blank">Punched  tape 1</a> and <a href="http://wps.com/projects/paper-tape/index.html" target="_blank">2</a>.  <a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/yatrik/CPUAlbum/photo#5043516426000870674" target="_blank">UNIVAC  magnetic drum</a>. <a href="http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_PH5-19.html" target="_blank">IBM  650 computer magnetic drum</a>. <a href="http://www.darkroastedblend.com/2006/12/compare-these-hard-drives.html" target="_blank">The  IBM Model 350 Disk File</a>. <a href="http://gizmodo.com/archives/would-that-be-internal-or-external-technically-018574.php" target="_blank">250  MB hard drisk drive from 1979</a>. <a href="http://www.tietokonemuseo.saunalahti.fi/eng/ibm_3380_eng.htm" target="_blank">The  IBM 3380</a>. <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/LDDVDComparison.jpg" target="_blank">Laserdisc  vs DVD</a>. <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/command-tab/131740111/" target="_blank">Held  Laserdisc</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Floppy_Disk_Drive_8_inch.jpg" target="_blank">8-inch  floppy drive</a>. <a href="http://www.johnkingworld.com/aplus/images/storage-8inch-floppy.jpg" target="_blank">8-inch  floppy in use</a>. <a href="http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/?year=1951" target="_blank">UNISERVO and  UNIVAC I</a>. <a href="http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_PH3410B.html" target="_blank">The  IBM 3410</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tdkc60cassette.jpg" target="_blank">The compact  cassette</a>. <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Commodore-Datassette.jpg" target="_blank">The  Datassette</a>. </blockquote>

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