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Message: <blockquote data-quote="kkj007" data-source="post: 6747963" data-attributes="member: 65352">Top 10 Star Mysteries <img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iLSmTPwJGZY/SV8vn132cII/AAAAAAAAFHA/KjHBATEKwmI/s1600/1.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />For many stargazers, the night sky might look like a backdrop of very  similar twinkling lights. But actually the billions of stars that make  up the universe are varied and full of tantalizing marvels. From stellar  fireworks caused by supernova explosions to invisible black holes,  astronomers are gradually figuring out how stars work and what makes  each variety unique. Many mysteries remain, however.1.Diamonds In the Sky<img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_iLSmTPwJGZY/SV8vnntZw5I/AAAAAAAAFG4/vH9lL5SKfY8/s1600/2.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />When a star the mass of our Sun uses up its nuclear fuel, it expels most  of its outer layers to leave just a very hot core called a white dwarf.  Scientists had speculated that at the bottom of a white dwarf’s 31 mile  (50 kilometer)-thick crust was crystallized carbon and oxygen, similar  to a diamond. And in 2004, they found that a white dwarf near the  constellation Centaurus, BPM 37093, was made of crystallized carbon  weighing 5 million trillion trillion pounds. In diamond-speak, that’s 10  billion trillion trillion carats!2.Stellar Corpses<img src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_iLSmTPwJGZY/SV8vnZLT32I/AAAAAAAAFGw/sXJ5Bh0tfnM/s1600/3.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />Magnetars are dense neutron stars—a type of stellar corpse—with magnetic  fields billions of times stronger than any magnet on Earth. They  release flashes of X-rays about every 10 seconds with an occasional  gamma-ray burst. They weren’t classified as a distinct star type until  1998, nearly two decades after their telltale light shows were first  spotted: In March 1979, nine spacecraft observed a release of radiation  equaling the amount of energy the Sun lets off in a 1,000 years coming  from the location of a supernova remnant called N49.3.Close Quarters<img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_iLSmTPwJGZY/SV8vnJ8WHtI/AAAAAAAAFGo/IxtWpczM4tk/s1600/4.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />Stellar clusters are composed of many stars that develop at the same  time. Some contain several dozen stars, and others many million stars.  Some star clusters can be seen with the naked eye, such as the famous  Pleiades cluster in the constellation Taurus. Stars form in the same  region, but why some stay together forming clusters is a mystery.4.Stellar Rumbles<img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_iLSmTPwJGZY/SV8vnKUL8ZI/AAAAAAAAFGg/CCIHX7XXYJI/s1600/5.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />A starquake is thought to be the tearing apart of the surface of a  neutron star, much like an earthquake here on Earth. In 1999 astronomers  identified these bursts as the cause of gamma rays and X-rays coming  from neutron stars. Predicting these powerful bursts has remained a  mystery. Recently, John Middleditch of Los Alamos National Laboratory  and his team found that for a particular type of spinning neutron star  called a pulsar, the time to the next quake is proportional to the size  of the last quake.5.Super Stars<img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iLSmTPwJGZY/SV8va7gWSKI/AAAAAAAAFGY/RL2BavP5QHY/s1600/6.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />A neutron star is born out of a supernova explosion, which compresses  the dying star's core—with a mass greater than the sun's—into a ball  with a diameter the size of a small city. One step from becoming black  holes, neutron stars are the densest objects in the universe. Just a  teaspoon would weigh roughly a billions tons on Earth. In 2005, NASA  scientists found the source of gamma-ray bursts that emit as much light  as 100,000 trillion suns—and solved a 35-year mystery: When two neutron  stars collided at speeds tens of thousands of miles per second, they  emit gamma-ray fireworks.6.Star Bursts<img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iLSmTPwJGZY/SV8va-9u9pI/AAAAAAAAFGQ/rid5XaYXXsg/s1600/7.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />A new class of stars called rotating radio transients (RRATs) can be  fickle flashers. They are massively compressed neutron stars that  intermittently send out bursts of radio waves that can last for as few  as two milliseconds with dark gaps lasting as long as three hours. Not  only are these outbursts short-lived, in order to detect RRATs  astronomers must distinguish the fleeting radio flashes from terrestrial  radio interference. Even so, there could be hundreds of thousands of  them in the Milky Way.7.Singles Club<img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_iLSmTPwJGZY/SV8vaqoQcsI/AAAAAAAAFGI/cXGqJFgZWc8/s1600/8.gif" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />Stars may not be loners, as once thought. Now astronomers predict that  85 percent of the stars in the Milky Way galaxy reside in multiple-star  systems. More than half of all stars are binary stars, or two stars that  are bound by their mutual gravitational attraction, with each star  orbiting around the center of mass. When three or more stars huddle  together, it’s called a multiple star system. In 2005, astronomers  presented evidence for the first planet orbiting a binary system.8.Enigmatic Explosions<img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iLSmTPwJGZY/SV8vaXWY7yI/AAAAAAAAFGA/1zWXl35W0eM/s1600/9.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />The catastrophic explosion of a star sends out shock waves that radiate  outward at 22 million mph (35 million kph). The end of life for some  stars can be a spectacular event. Called a supernova, when a star that’s  more than eight times the mass of our Sun burns out, gravity’s inward  push tears apart the star’s innards. The explosion propels jets of  high-energy light and matter out into space. Since Johannes Kepler’s  supernova was spotted in 1604, astronomers haven’t witnessed one in our  own galaxy.9.Sun Rays<img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_iLSmTPwJGZY/SV8vaFVfqnI/AAAAAAAAFF4/U39b6FHJpBY/s1600/10.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />The Sun’s atmosphere, or corona, can reach a bubbling 3.6 million  degrees F (2 million degrees C), and can unpredictably fling out streams  of high-energy particles at near light-speed. Called solar flares,  these bundles of charged particles accelerate along curved magnetic  field lines toward Earth, where they can disrupt communications and  satellite technology, electronic devices, and even cell phones. The  largest solar flares can release millions of hydrogen bombs’ worth of  energy, or enough energy to power the United States for 100,000 years if  it could be harnessed. Astronomers are just beginning to understand the  inner workings of the sun, with the goal of predicting these fiery  flares.10.Grim Reapers<img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_iLSmTPwJGZY/SV8vSNOhnTI/AAAAAAAAFFw/pOSIfU4F9Go/s1600/11.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />Black holes are so dense that nothing can escape from their  gravitational clutches. Once past the event horizon, or the boundary  beyond which even light cannot escape, there’s no way out. Now  astronomers have strong evidence for the existence of stellar black  holes, which form from the collapse of massive stars, as well as  super-massive black holes that reach jaw-dropping weights of millions of  solar masses.Add rep+ if u like my post...........<img src="/styles/default/xenforo/smilies/default/happy.gif"  class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=":)" title="Happy    :)" data-shortname=":)" /><img src="/styles/default/xenforo/smilies/default/happy.gif"  class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=":)" title="Happy    :)" data-shortname=":)" /></blockquote>

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