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Message: <blockquote data-quote="sirajstc" data-source="post: 11999099" data-attributes="member: 91140">Top 10 Deadliest earthquakesTop 10 Deadliest earthquakes 10. 1703 Genroku – 108,800 deaths  The 1703 Genroku earthquake occurred on December 31, 1703 in Edo, the  forerunner of present-day Tokyo, Japan.  It shook Edo and killed an  estimated 2,300 people.  Genroku is a Japanese era spanning from 1688  through 1704.  The earthquake is thought to have been an interplate  earthquake whose focal region extended from Sagami Bay to the tip of the  Bōsō Peninsula as well as the area along the Sagami Trough in the open  sea southeast of the Boso Peninsula.  This earthquake then resulted in a  tsunami which hit the coastal areas of the Boso Peninsula and Sagami  Bay.  This caused more than 6,500 deaths, particularly on the Boso  Peninsula.  The Habu Pond on Izu Ōshima was collapsed and it rushed into  the sea.  The tsunami was reported to have caused more than 10,000  fatalities.      9. 1948 Ashgabat – 110,000 deaths  The 1948 Ashgabat earthquake, at a magnitude 7.3M, occurred on 6  October 1948 near Ashgabat, Turkmenistan (then Soviet Union).  The  earthquake is considered to be the 6th deadliest earthquake in the  history of humankind.  Due to censorship by the national government, the  Ashgabat Earthquake was not much reported in USSR media.  The  earthquake struck at 2:17 in the morning on 6 October 1948. The  epicenter of the earthquake was located near the small village  Gara-Gaudan, 25 kilometers southwest of Ashgabat. The earthquake caused  extreme damage in Ashgabat and nearby villages, where almost all brick  buildings collapsed, concrete structures were heavily damaged, and  freight trains were derailed. Surface rupture was observed northwest and  southeast of Ashgabat. Media sources vary on the number of the  casualties from 10,000 to 176,000. A news release on 9 December 1988  advised that the correct death toll was 110,000, equivalent to almost  10% of the Turkmen SSR’s population at the time. A 2007 report by the  State News Agency of Turkmenistan gives a total number of up to 176,000.      8. 1923 Great Kanto – 142,000 deaths  The 1923 Great Kantō earthquake struck the Kantō plain on the  Japanese main island of Honshū at 11:58:44 am JST on September 1, 1923.   Varied accounts hold that the duration of the earthquake was between 4  and 10 minutes.  The quake had a magnitude of 7.9 on the Richter scale,  with its focus deep beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay.  This  earthquake devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, surrounding  prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka, and caused widespread  damage throughout the Kantō region.  The power and intensity of the  earthquake is easy to underestimate, but it managed to move the 93-ton  Great Buddha statue at Kamakura which was over 60 km away from the  epicenter. The statue slid forward almost two feet. Casualty estimates  range from about 100,000 to 142,000 deaths, the latter figure including  approximately 40,000 who went missing and were presumed dead.       7. 2010 Haiti – 222,570 deaths  The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 M  earthquake, with an epicentre near the town of Léogâne, approximately 25  km (16 miles) west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti’s capital. The earthquake  occurred at 16:53 local time on Tuesday, 12 January 2010.  By 24  January, at least 52 aftershocks measuring 4.5 or greater had been  recorded.  An estimated three million people were affected by the quake;  the Haitian government reported that an estimated 230,000 people had  died, 300,000 had been injured and 1,000,000 made homeless.  They also  estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had  collapsed or were severely damaged.      6. 2004 Indian Ocean – 230,000 deaths  The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea megathrust  earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on Sunday, December 26, 2004,  with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.  The  earthquake was caused by subduction and triggered a series of  devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the  Indian Ocean, killing over 230,000 people in fourteen countries, and  inundating coastal communities with waves up to 30 meters (100 feet)  high.  Indonesia was the hardest hit, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and  Thailand.  With a magnitude of between 9.1 and 9.3, it is the third  largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph.  This earthquake had  the longest duration of faulting ever observed, between 8.3 and 10  minutes. It caused the entire planet to vibrate as much as 1 cm (0.4  inches) and triggered other earthquakes as far away as Alaska.  Its  hypocenter was between Simeulue and mainland Indonesia.      5. 1138 Aleppo – 230,000 deaths  The 1138 Aleppo earthquake was an earthquake that was located near  the town of Aleppo in northern Syria on 11 October 1138.  The United  States Geological Survey lists it as the third deadliest earthquake in  history.  However, the figure of 230,000 dead is based on a historical  conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the  Jazira plain and the large seismic event of 30 September 1139 in the  Azerbaijani city of Ganja.  The first mention of a 230,000 death toll  was by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century.       4. 1920 Haiyuan – 235,502 deaths  1920 Haiyuan earthquake was an earthquake that occurred on December  16, 1920. The epicenter was in Haiyuan County, Ningxia Province,  Republic of China.  The earthquake hit at local time 20:06:53,  reportedly 7.8 on the Richter magnitude scale, followed by a series of  aftershocks for three years. Chinese media claim the earthquake as of  magnitude 8.5, although the official scale is not specified.  About 200  km (125 mi) of surface faulting was seen from Lijunbu through Ganyanchi  to Jingtai. There were large numbers of landslides and ground cracks  throughout the epicentral area. Some rivers were dammed, others changed  course. Total casualty was reported as 200,000 in a summary published by  the United States Geological Survey (USGS), 240,000 according to  Ningxia Daily, a Chinese publication in the current administrative area,  and 235,502 according to the Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the  World (Through 2008) maintained by the International Institute of  Seismology and Earthquake Engineering.      3. 526 Antioch – 250,000 deaths  In 526 during late May, probably between the 20th and the 29th, a  major earthquake hit Syria and Antioch in the Byzantine Empire, killing  approximately 250000 people.  The earthquake was followed by a fire that  destroyed most of the buildings left standing by the earthquake. Damage  estimates on the Modified Mercalli scale are; VIII Antioch, VII Dafna  & Seleucia Pieria. In the port of Seleucia Pieria an uplift of  0.7–0.8 m has been estimated, and the subsequent silting up of the  harbour left it unusable.  It was the 3rd most deadly earthquake of all  time.      2. 1976 Tangshan – 242,419–779,000 deaths  The Tangshan Earthquake was a natural disaster that occurred on July  28, 1976.  It is believed to be the largest earthquake of the 20th  century by death toll.  The epicenter of the earthquake was near  Tangshan in Hebei, People’s Republic of China, an industrial city with  approximately one million inhabitants.  The number of deaths initially  reported by the Chinese government was 655,000, but this number has  since been stated to be around 240,000 to 255,000.  A further 164,000  people were recorded as being severely injured.  he earthquake hit in  the early morning, at 03:42:53.8 local time and lasted 23 seconds.   Chinese government official sources state a magnitude of 7.8 on the  Richter magnitude scale, though some sources listed it as high as 8.2.  It was followed by a major 7.8 magnitude aftershock some 16 hours later,  increasing the death toll.       1. 1556 Shaanxi – 830,000 deaths  The 1556 Shaanxi earthquake was a catastrophic earthquake and is also  the deadliest earthquake on record, killing approximately 830,000  people in China.  It occurred on the morning of 23 January 1556 in  Shaanxi, during the Ming Dynasty.  More than 97 counties in the  provinces of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, Hubei,  Hunan, Jiangsu and Anhui were affected.  An 840-kilometre (520 mi)-wide  area was destroyed, and in some counties 60% of the population was  killed.  Most of the population in the area at the time lived in  yaodongs, artificial caves in loess cliffs, many of which collapsed  during the catastrophe with great loss of life.</blockquote>

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