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Message: <blockquote data-quote="TRockz" data-source="post: 4467251" data-attributes="member: 108791">1. What is a domain name? A domain name is simply a system for providing a human-memorable name for a particular computer on the Internet.  Properly speaking, computers have numerical addresses, sort of like a phone number.  The domain name system provides a translation from a name to the appropriate number (sort of a directory assistance for the Internet).  For example, <a href="http://www.ford.com" target="_blank">www.ford.com</a> is much easier than 198.108.89.236 for humans to type and remember.  2. How do domain names work? When someone with a computer connected to the Internet wants to communicate with another computer, they need to tell their software what computer they want it to connect to.  Computers on the Internet use IP addresses to locate one another. Say you ran Netscape on your computer and you want to look at the latest model of Ford car.  Your computer can only connect to the Ford computer if it has the IP (Internet Protocol) address of it (which happens today to be 198.108.89.236). So far, this is similar to the telephone--you couldn't call your Ford dealership unless you knew the telephone number.    If you knew that <a href="http://www.ford.com" target="_blank">www.ford.com</a> was hosted on a machine with the IP address of 198.108.89.236, you could just type <a href="http://198.108.89.236/" target="_blank">http://198.108.89.236/</a> into Netscape.  Similarly, if you happened to remember or have written down someone's phone number you could just dial it.  However, most people don't want to deal with these obscure numbers. The domain name system allows you to type <a href="http://www.ford.com" target="_blank">http://www.ford.com</a> into Netscape instead. The software on your computer then translates this name into the IP address for you and makes the connection.  It's as if your phone were smart enough to transparently call directory assistance if you told it to call someone whose phone number you and it didn't know.  Here's how the translation works: When Netscape sees the name <a href="http://www.ford.com" target="_blank">www.ford.com</a> entered it asks the computer's network software to go get the corresponding IP address for it.  Your computer's network software then asks your Internet Service Provider's DNS (Domain Name Server) for the IP address of <a href="http://www.ford.com" target="_blank">www.ford.com</a>.  Your computer knows how to find the ISP's DNS because you gave it the addresses when you set up your connection to the Internet. The ISP probably gave you the IP numbers of its DNS to be entered into the network configuration.  (More recent systems can set themselves up automatically, so these details are hidden.)  In turn, the ISP's DNS asks Internic for the address of the DNS that manages all of ford.com.  The ISP's DNS then contacts the Ford DNS and asks it for the IP address for www.ford.com. You can think of this as calling the phone company's directory assistance number and asking for the main number of Ford, and then calling the Ford operator to ask for the number a particular person. The IP address is then sent back to your computer, which gives it to Netscape, which contacts the <a href="http://www.ford.com" target="_blank">www.ford.com</a> computer directly via the IP address.</blockquote>

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