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Message: <blockquote data-quote="DJAT" data-source="post: 9959491" data-attributes="member: 3318">Rise of CivilizationsScholars have divided history into periods according to environmental changes on Earth and cultural developments of humanity. The Paleolithic period or Old Stone Age began about 2 million years ago and lasted until about 12,000 B.C. The earliest evidence of human cultural development was discovered by four teenagers, quite by accident. Jacques Marshal and three young friends entered a cave near Lascaux, France, in 1940 and found the most spectacular cave paintings from Ice Age Europe, created some 17,000 years ago. Cave paintings have been discovered in many parts of the world.<img src="http://i455.photobucket.com/albums/qq280/djamilatharanga/Capture052.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /><img src="http://i455.photobucket.com/albums/qq280/djamilatharanga/Capture053.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />Farming and CivilizationBetween 8,000 and 10,000 years ago, a quiet revolution took place. In scattered pockets of the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, people learned to cultivate food-producing plants for thefirst time. As knowledge of farming gradually spread, it dramatically changed human culture. Farming encouraged the growth of permanent communities, which in turn became the seedbeds for the world’s first civilizations.The Middle East - Breadbasket of the Ancient WorldToday only sparse vegetation covers the foothills of Iran’s Zagros Mountains. Erosion and overgrazing by sheep and goats have taken their toll. Around 8000 B.C., however, wild wheat known as emmer covered the hills. Experts believe it was here that the world’s first farmers may have watched seeds fall to earth and sprout. This observation led these ancient wanderers to plant seeds.Over time, knowledge of farming spread in a broad arc of fertile land that curved from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. Farmers gradually added other foods to their diets—barley, chickpeas, lentils, figs, apricots, pistachios, walnuts, and more. A hunger for these foods kept people in one place. Hunting and gathering lifestyles changed as people began to develop new ideas and skills. Slowly—very slowly— farming settlements grew into cities. Known by names such as Ur, Babylon, and Jericho, these cities were the centers of Earth’s oldest civilizations.<img src="http://www.britishmuseum.org/images/k13352_m.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />Greek grain storage jarThe Americas -Mexico and Peru: Farming and DiversityFor much of world history, distance separated the Americas from the rest of the world. But the independent invention of farming in the areas of present-day Mexico and Peru created cities as sophisticated as those in other regions. The crops that spurred their growth, however, differed from crops elsewhere. Few of the wild grains found on other continents grew in the Americas. The first farmers in the Americas used the seeds of other plants, especially squash and beans. They also developed two high-yield foods unknown to the rest ofthe world—potatoes and maize (corn). When distant civilizations made contact, ideas about agriculture accompanied the wide distribution of foods that early peoples had developed and cultivated.<img src="http://img.techpowerup.org/110426/Capture054.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />Foothills of the Zagros Mountains<img src="http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/849/PreviewComp/SuperStock_849-10161.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />Corn Dance by Frank Reed WhitesideAsia and Africa Expansion of Earth’s GardensThe farming revolution did not happen just once. It occurred several times in widely separated regions. More than 6,000 years ago, farmers along the upper Huang He in present-day northernChina started planting millet. About 5,000 years ago, farmers near the mouth of the Chang Jiang in southern China learned to grow rice. At roughly the same time, farmers along the Nile River in the northern part of Africa harvested their first crops of wheat and barley.Like the gardens of the Middle East, the gardens of China and northern Africa grew more diverse. By 3000 B.C., farmers cultivated soybeans, bananas, and sugarcane. Supported by the harvests, people had more time to think and dream. Soon they created things that were used by the civilizations of the Middle East—calendars, systems of writing, forms of art and government.<img src="http://dianabuja.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/mastaba-of-kagemni-high-relief2_640.jpg?w=510&h=407" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />Wood relief of farming activities, Yoruba peoplessome details got from national gegraphy Sinhala Version Coming Soon </blockquote>

Verification: Haya warak paha keeyada? (haya wadi kireema paha)

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