ඔන්න පොරොන්දු උන විදියට දෙවනි ත්රෙඩ් එකත් ගෙනාවා
පලමු එක බලපු නැති අය මෙතනින් එක බලලාම එන්න
http://www.elakiri.com/forum/showthread.php?t=1595156
හරි අද බලමු මේකට කොහොමද බඩු පටවන්නේ කියලා
මෙකේ තියෙන ඉංග්රීසි පරිවර්තනය කරන්න ටිකක් අමාරු නිසා උස්සපු තැනින්ම කොපි පාරක් දාන්නම් හොඳේ..
Cargo Hold
බර වැඩි සහ සාමාන්ය ප්රමාණයට වඩා විශාල භාණ්ඩ (Heavy and Outsize Loads )
With a maximum payload of up to 37 tonnes (81 600 lb) and a volume of 340 m3 (12 000 ft3),
the A400M can carry numerous pieces of outsize cargo including,
vehicles and helicopters that are too large or too heavy for previous generation tactical airlifters, for example, an NH90 or a CH-47 Chinook helicopter,
or two heavy armoured vehicles for military purposes.
It can also carry a heavy logistic truck, or a rescue boat, or large lifting devices, such as excavators or mobile cranes needed to assist in disaster relief.
මෙන්න මෙහෙමලු වෙන්නේ!!
සෙබලුන් ප්රවාහනය (Personnel)
The A400M can also carry 116 personnel, or paratroops. Because of the width of the A400M’s fuselage,
they can be seated in four rows, all along the two sides of the fuselage,
and back to back along the centre-line, with enough space in between the facing rows.
හරි අපි දැන් මෙකේ තියෙන විශේෂ තාක්ශණය ගැන බලමු
Europrop EPI TP400, The Most Powerful Turboprp in Production
අම්මෝ තේරුනා මදිවගේ නේ?
සිංහලෙන් කියනවනම්.. ඔකේ තියෙන්නේ පෙති කැරකැවෙන ටර්බෝ එන්ජින් 4ක්
දැනට නිශ්පාදනයේ තියෙන පවර් එක වැඩිම ටර්බෝප්රොප් එන්ජින් එක
ඕකේ විශේෂත්වය කියන්නේ එක පැත්තක තියෙන එන්ජින් දෙකේ පෙති කැරකෙන්නේ පැති දෙකකට වීම..
ඕක සුද්දා කියලා තියෙන්නේ මෙහෙමයි..
One of the key elements of the A400M´s versatility is its all-new, specifically designed three-shaft turboprop engine
with eight bladed propellers. The 11,000 shp TP400- developed by Europrop International (EPI),
a consortium comprising Rolls Royce, Snecma, MTU and ITP, is the most powerful turboprop in production.
It allows a wide range of speeds and flight levels and offers extremely efficient fuel consumption.
Powered by four of these turboprops, the A400M can cruise at altitudes as high as 37,000 ft at speeds up to Mach 0.72.
This will permit the aircraft to fly above adverse medium level weather conditions and to be integrated into the commercial aircraft airspace.
At the other end of the speed / range envelope, the A400M will be
capable of flying at 110 kt and 5,000 ft to refuel helicopters, or even lower to drop equipment and supplies.
The down between the engines counter-rotation of the propellers,
which turn in opposite directions, allows a structural weight reduction.
The arrangement preserves the symmetry of the aircraft when the four engines are operating,
and reduces the adverse yaw in case of an engine failure, allowing in turn a reduction in the size of the tail fin by 17 per cent,
hence reducing weight and drag.
Another consequence has been the possibility to improve by four per cent the lift at low speed
and thus to simplify the slats and, as a result, reduce by eight per cent the surface of the horizontal stabilizer.
Furthermore, it also reduces the level of vibrations and therefore the noise inside the aircraft
State-of-the-Art Cockpit
The A400M features two Head-up-Dispays (HUD) which provide the pilots with all primary flight information
together with Flight Director orders and flight guidance during critical mission phases,
such as landing at unequipped airfields, in-flight refuelling or low-level flight.
The A400M cockpit also features eight large interchangeable liquid crystal head-down displays.
Six of these – three for each pilot – feature primary flight displays, navigation displays,
management or video, while two are for the systems monitoring.
These Flight Management System (FMS) screens are controlled through alpha-numeric keyboards for simpler entering of data.
The optional Enhanced Vision System (EVS) based on Forward Looking Infra Red (FLIR) technology generates a sensor based image
of the environment in front of the aircraft in low visibility conditions.
The EVS image is displayed on the HUD to provide the pilots with additional visual cues.
Another key feature of the A400M is its computerized “fly-by-wire” flight controls
already widely used on other state of the art civil transport aircraft.
Replacing the conventional cables and pulleys by electrical wires linked to four independent flight control computers
which send signals to actuators, not only reduces weight, but also maintenance time.
This also gives a much greater precision to the commands.
Furthermore, when in normal flight law,
fly-by-wire controls permit the implementation of “flight envelope protection” which, by preventing the aircraft from stalling,
allows the pilot to achieve optimum performance in a critical escape manoeuvre by simply pulling full stick back.
The fly-by-wire system then manages the whole aircraft configuration accordingly.
The fly-by-wire flight envelope protection is a great contributor to the survivability of the aircraft in a hostile environment,
enabling the aircraft to achieve extreme escape manoeuvres.
Thanks to fly-by-wire, the cumbersome central control column can be replaced by
light and easy to handle side-stick-controllers, providing the pilots with a free view to the large TV-like screens in front of them,
while also allowing for a foldable table to be pulled out as needed.
Structure
In order to reduce weight, 30 per cent of the A400M’s structure is made of composites.
These parts include most of the wing, with, for the first time in history, composite main spars.
Also, nearly the entire tail (the horizontal and vertical stabilizers and the control surfaces),
the rear cargo door, the sponsons (undercarriage bays) and the propeller blades (with Kevlar shell) are made of composite.
The wing’s 19 m / 62 ft skin panels are the largest ever produced.
The extensive use of composite material enables the A400M to be much lighter,
enabling to enhance its performance both in terms of range and payload.
Aerodynamics
Extensive use of advanced 3D computational fluid dynamics tools optimised the wing shape,
resulting in a low drag design and thus a high speed cruise of Mach 0.72, without compromising low speed performance and handling.
The A400M designers have also taken into account all the aerodynamic refinements that allow it to fly more smoothly and more efficiently.
But they have also considered some very specific military needs.
For example, the sponsons have been shaped to reduce air turbulence aft of the ramp in such a way that
paratroopers can jump simultaneously through the two dedicated side doors or through the ramp,
without them running the risk of colliding with each other because of the air-flow behind the aircraft.
This reduces the time to exit the aircraft by half
and allows the paratroopers to reach the ground closer together and hence regroup more easily and be operational faster.
පලමු එක බලපු නැති අය මෙතනින් එක බලලාම එන්න
http://www.elakiri.com/forum/showthread.php?t=1595156
හරි අද බලමු මේකට කොහොමද බඩු පටවන්නේ කියලා
මෙකේ තියෙන ඉංග්රීසි පරිවර්තනය කරන්න ටිකක් අමාරු නිසා උස්සපු තැනින්ම කොපි පාරක් දාන්නම් හොඳේ..
Cargo Hold
බර වැඩි සහ සාමාන්ය ප්රමාණයට වඩා විශාල භාණ්ඩ (Heavy and Outsize Loads )
With a maximum payload of up to 37 tonnes (81 600 lb) and a volume of 340 m3 (12 000 ft3),
the A400M can carry numerous pieces of outsize cargo including,
vehicles and helicopters that are too large or too heavy for previous generation tactical airlifters, for example, an NH90 or a CH-47 Chinook helicopter,
or two heavy armoured vehicles for military purposes.
It can also carry a heavy logistic truck, or a rescue boat, or large lifting devices, such as excavators or mobile cranes needed to assist in disaster relief.
මෙන්න මෙහෙමලු වෙන්නේ!!
සෙබලුන් ප්රවාහනය (Personnel)
The A400M can also carry 116 personnel, or paratroops. Because of the width of the A400M’s fuselage,
they can be seated in four rows, all along the two sides of the fuselage,
and back to back along the centre-line, with enough space in between the facing rows.
හරි අපි දැන් මෙකේ තියෙන විශේෂ තාක්ශණය ගැන බලමු
Europrop EPI TP400, The Most Powerful Turboprp in Production
අම්මෝ තේරුනා මදිවගේ නේ?
සිංහලෙන් කියනවනම්.. ඔකේ තියෙන්නේ පෙති කැරකැවෙන ටර්බෝ එන්ජින් 4ක්
දැනට නිශ්පාදනයේ තියෙන පවර් එක වැඩිම ටර්බෝප්රොප් එන්ජින් එක
ඕකේ විශේෂත්වය කියන්නේ එක පැත්තක තියෙන එන්ජින් දෙකේ පෙති කැරකෙන්නේ පැති දෙකකට වීම..
ඕක සුද්දා කියලා තියෙන්නේ මෙහෙමයි..
One of the key elements of the A400M´s versatility is its all-new, specifically designed three-shaft turboprop engine
with eight bladed propellers. The 11,000 shp TP400- developed by Europrop International (EPI),
a consortium comprising Rolls Royce, Snecma, MTU and ITP, is the most powerful turboprop in production.
It allows a wide range of speeds and flight levels and offers extremely efficient fuel consumption.
Powered by four of these turboprops, the A400M can cruise at altitudes as high as 37,000 ft at speeds up to Mach 0.72.
This will permit the aircraft to fly above adverse medium level weather conditions and to be integrated into the commercial aircraft airspace.
At the other end of the speed / range envelope, the A400M will be
capable of flying at 110 kt and 5,000 ft to refuel helicopters, or even lower to drop equipment and supplies.
The down between the engines counter-rotation of the propellers,
which turn in opposite directions, allows a structural weight reduction.
The arrangement preserves the symmetry of the aircraft when the four engines are operating,
and reduces the adverse yaw in case of an engine failure, allowing in turn a reduction in the size of the tail fin by 17 per cent,
hence reducing weight and drag.
Another consequence has been the possibility to improve by four per cent the lift at low speed
and thus to simplify the slats and, as a result, reduce by eight per cent the surface of the horizontal stabilizer.
Furthermore, it also reduces the level of vibrations and therefore the noise inside the aircraft
State-of-the-Art Cockpit
The A400M features two Head-up-Dispays (HUD) which provide the pilots with all primary flight information
together with Flight Director orders and flight guidance during critical mission phases,
such as landing at unequipped airfields, in-flight refuelling or low-level flight.
The A400M cockpit also features eight large interchangeable liquid crystal head-down displays.
Six of these – three for each pilot – feature primary flight displays, navigation displays,
management or video, while two are for the systems monitoring.
These Flight Management System (FMS) screens are controlled through alpha-numeric keyboards for simpler entering of data.
The optional Enhanced Vision System (EVS) based on Forward Looking Infra Red (FLIR) technology generates a sensor based image
of the environment in front of the aircraft in low visibility conditions.
The EVS image is displayed on the HUD to provide the pilots with additional visual cues.
Another key feature of the A400M is its computerized “fly-by-wire” flight controls
already widely used on other state of the art civil transport aircraft.
Replacing the conventional cables and pulleys by electrical wires linked to four independent flight control computers
which send signals to actuators, not only reduces weight, but also maintenance time.
This also gives a much greater precision to the commands.
Furthermore, when in normal flight law,
fly-by-wire controls permit the implementation of “flight envelope protection” which, by preventing the aircraft from stalling,
allows the pilot to achieve optimum performance in a critical escape manoeuvre by simply pulling full stick back.
The fly-by-wire system then manages the whole aircraft configuration accordingly.
The fly-by-wire flight envelope protection is a great contributor to the survivability of the aircraft in a hostile environment,
enabling the aircraft to achieve extreme escape manoeuvres.
Thanks to fly-by-wire, the cumbersome central control column can be replaced by
light and easy to handle side-stick-controllers, providing the pilots with a free view to the large TV-like screens in front of them,
while also allowing for a foldable table to be pulled out as needed.
Structure
In order to reduce weight, 30 per cent of the A400M’s structure is made of composites.
These parts include most of the wing, with, for the first time in history, composite main spars.
Also, nearly the entire tail (the horizontal and vertical stabilizers and the control surfaces),
the rear cargo door, the sponsons (undercarriage bays) and the propeller blades (with Kevlar shell) are made of composite.
The wing’s 19 m / 62 ft skin panels are the largest ever produced.
The extensive use of composite material enables the A400M to be much lighter,
enabling to enhance its performance both in terms of range and payload.
Aerodynamics
Extensive use of advanced 3D computational fluid dynamics tools optimised the wing shape,
resulting in a low drag design and thus a high speed cruise of Mach 0.72, without compromising low speed performance and handling.
The A400M designers have also taken into account all the aerodynamic refinements that allow it to fly more smoothly and more efficiently.
But they have also considered some very specific military needs.
For example, the sponsons have been shaped to reduce air turbulence aft of the ramp in such a way that
paratroopers can jump simultaneously through the two dedicated side doors or through the ramp,
without them running the risk of colliding with each other because of the air-flow behind the aircraft.
This reduces the time to exit the aircraft by half
and allows the paratroopers to reach the ground closer together and hence regroup more easily and be operational faster.
ඔන්න එහෙනම් ඉතින් මම ගියා..
මේ වගේම තව ත්රෙඩ් එකකින් ආයි එන්නම් ටික දවසකින්
මේ වගේම තව ත්රෙඩ් එකකින් ආයි එන්නම් ටික දවසකින්
