අළුත් කඩු පන්තිය.......

[inranasingha]

අළුත් කඩු පන්තිය.......

ඔන්න එහනම් අළුත් වැඩක් පටන් ගන්න යන්නෙ කඩ්ඩට බය මල්ලිලාට නංගිලට.
කඩ්ඩ ඉතින් කඩ්ඩෙන්ම තමයි ගොඩ යන්න ඕන...
එහෙනම් පටන් ගමු..
පාඩම් විදියට තියන්නෙ උපුටා ගත්ත ඒවා නෙවෙයි...
විශේෂ ස්තූතිය ජයා ට..........




INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGES

ORIGIN OF LANGUAGES

 The need of describing personal emotions/sentiments/feelings/sensations
 The fundamental ways for the communication
(Different types of sounds/Hand signals/Diagrams)
The birth of a certain language
 Formation of different types of systems for the communication over various zones throughout the world
 The foundation for the languages

GENERAL ASPECS OF USING A LANGUAGE

 Basic parts of a language
Different sounds,
Different symbols, or
Different sounds + Different symbols
 For a more systematic language; Different sounds + Different symbols
 The list of basic Different sounds + Different symbols; Alphabet
 With the help of the alphabet, sound----> symbol (letter) & symbol (letter)---->sound
 Sound/letter + Sound/letter +…..= word
 Word + word +…..=sentence
 Sentence + sentence +……. = communication

 

[inranasingha]

APPROACHING ENGLISH

 Among diverse languages remain all over the world, English is considered the ordinary one which is being used for keeping the relationships from one language system to the other
 The importance of learning English

 English Alphabet;
26 letters/sounds
 Classification of letters
Capital / Simple, Vowels / Consonants
 Words; from spoken to written
 Words; from written to spoken
 Sentence + sentence +……. = communication
 Hence, to know the way of making sentences and connecting them is very important

 

[inranasingha]

TERMS FOR LETTERS HANDLING

English Alphabet
26 letters/sounds
A B C D E F G
H I J K L M N
O P Q R S T U
V W X Y Z

Classification of letters
Capital / Simple (symbolically different),
Vowels / Consonants (voice-wisely different)

Capital And Corresponding Simple Letters
A a B b C c D d E e F f G g
H h I i J j K k L l M m N n
O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u
V v W w X x Y y Z z

Vowels : a, e, i, o, u
Consonants: all the other letters

SOME FACTS FOR LETTERS
Slight differences between hand-written and electronically printed letters
A – a????????
L - l
Styles of writing letters (Cursive Writing)
Nimal – Nimal, Nimal

RULES FOR CAPITAL LETTERS
01. Every proper noun (Proper nouns are those help to distinguish things from every other) should be started with a capital letter, regardless of the place of its application. If there are two words together for the same case, both first letters of two words should be kept capital.
A name of a person (Siri / Kamal / Shantha / Sumith Ranwelle)
A name of a village, town or city (Algama / Warakapola / Colombo)
A name of river (Mahaweli)
A name of a mountain (Piduruthalagala)
A name of a country or continent (Asia / America)
A name of a planet (Earth)
A name of building (Tajmahal)
A name of a book (Amawathura)
A name of a road (Old Kesbewa Road, Smagi Mawatha)
A name of a vehicle (Toyota)
02. A sentence which is not a subsequent part of another sentence, should be started with a capital letter
He is good boy.
She is a kind girl.
03. The letter for the pronoun ‘I’ is always capital
I went to Negombo
He and I go there
04. In writing the names of dates of the week, months of the year, popular functions or holidays, the first letter should be capital
Today is Monday
Independence Day
His birthday is first of March
05. For the banners, topics, names of commercial goods having special names, the capital letters are used
HOTEL ARALIYA
HORLICKS
06. When it is refers to the God, the initial letter is kept capital
God bless you!
07. When one letter stands for several letters, that should be capital
A.D. (Anno Domini)
M.P.H. (miles per hour)
08. In filling the applications, capital letters are used????????

 

[inranasingha]

WORDS SPOKEN AND WRITTEN

Spoken to written (Dictation):
Sometimes, the sounds for words do not indicate the typical organization of its relevant letters. Therefore, when we have to compose the letters for a particular word following its sound, we should be aware of some frequently used letter patterns for words.
Ex: bus (not ‘bas’)
news (not ‘niws’)

Written to spoken (Elocution / Pronunciation):
Likewise, a written word may not have a sound as its letters apparently indicate. Hence, those points should also be learnt by a beginner up to a certain extend.
Ex: business (sounds as ‘bisnas’)
though
enough

The sound “r” is almost always kept silent
Car, Bar
And, the sound ‘s’ appears in almost all the words in English

The pronunciation of the letter ‘f’ is not as in our language pattern. And, occasionally, the letter ‘p’ also has similar pronunciation types similar to that of ‘f’

It can be found these sorts of aspects in other languages too. For instance;
In Sinhala, the sound ‘n’ is numerous
In Tamil, the sound ‘d’ is common
In Hindi, the sound ‘r’, ‘cha’ are frequent

 

[inranasingha]

CLASSIFICATION OF WORDS
Every word in English language must belong to one of the following words categories?????.
1. Noun
2. Article
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
Let’s have a brief introduction to each of them.

NOUNS:
The words used to introduce something (person, animal, place, object, activity, state, quality, feeling etc). In general, nouns can be recognized as the names.
Ex:
Person (teacher/grandma/chef/dancer/student/doctor/Nimal/I, you, he, she, it, they, we, it)
Animal (cat/dog)
Place (cabin/church/kitchen/beach/city/school)
Objects (base ball/bus/butterfly/bed/ear/mouse)
Activities (movement/judgment/flying/cutting/playing/shutting)
States (childhood/boyhood)
Qualities & Feelings (kindness/bravery/obedience/love/beauty/industry/greed/pain)

ARTICLES
Applicable for nouns only
‘a’, ‘an’, & ‘the’
a / an / the + noun/s
‘a’ and ‘an’: indefinite articles (only with singular nouns / ‘an’ is used when the particular noun
begins with a vowel sound)
‘the’ : definite article (The pronunciations becomes “di” in case the particular noun begins with
a vowel sound)
These words are used to signify the definiteness/assuredness of a noun
Ex:

a/an
Boy – a boy (“lamayek”)
Table - a table
Kite – a kite
Ant – an ant
Elephant – an elephant
Orange – an orange
Hotel – an hotel
The
That is a box (first address)
The box is red (second address)
A boy – the boy (“lamaya”)
A flower – the flower
An elephant – the elephant
An enemy – the enemy
The unicorn (“da”)
The European (“da”)

Uniform – a uniform
European – a European
University – a university


ADJECTIVES
Adjective + noun
Applicable for nouns only
An adjective is a word that qualifies a noun. Certainly, an adjective is used to describe a noun comprehensively
Appears always before the noun
Answers the question what kind of….
Ex:

Tall, beautiful, handsome
Tall boys / Beautiful girl
This, that, these, those
This book
These hoppers
That boy
Those robbers
My, our, its, his, her
My house
Its hump (Camel’s hump)
Our society
My eyes


VERBS
These words generally show actions
Every sentence must have a verb
Verb follows the subject of a declarative sentence
Ex:

Am/is/are/was/were
Do/does/did
Has/have
Drink
Bark
Bring
Chide (rebuke)
Cleave (v/adj.) (slice/cut/chop)
Feed
Gild (cover with gold/make golden/paint with gold)
Withdraw (leave/depart)
Withstand (resist)

ADVERBS
Verb + adverb (compare: adjective + noun)
The words that modify the verbs are called ‘adverbs’.
An adverb answers the question ‘how’
Ex:
review carefully
behave badly
say (the truth) soon

PREPOSITIONS
The words which are used for??????????
On, in, at, to, of, from, with, between, among
Ex:
On; on the table/on horse back
In; in the room/in the bag/in trouble/in Sinhala
To; to Kandy/to buy a ticket/to see a film





CONJUNCTIONS
The words that connect words, phrases and sentences are called ‘Conjunctions’.
Many conjunctions have more than one particular meaning (my words)
Ex:
And; our country and the nation (“ape rata saha jathiya”)
Or; tomorrow or day after tomorrow
Before; before rain falls

 

[nishshankapieris]

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[Error365!]

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[dmtx]

ela ela

 

[isuru harsha]

Yo this is some good shit !
thanxx bro!

+rep

 

[nu one]

ELAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

 

[KPZ]

එළකිරි
දිගටම කරමු

 

[inranasingha]

tx

 

[GudBoy]

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