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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Wolverine GTR" data-source="post: 20347919" data-attributes="member: 158020">මරණයේ_දුම්රිය_මාවත-Railroad of Death-Salekhard–Igarka Railway- On the outskirts of Salekhard, the capital of the Yamal Nenets  Autonomous Region, Russia, on the edge of the Arctic Circle, lies the  disused remains of the infamous Salekhard–Igarka Railway, known  variously as the ‘Railroad of Death’, ‘Road of Death’, and ‘Dead Road’.  This planned 1,300-kilometer railway was to be part of Stalin’s  Transpolar Mainline, a grand scheme to connect the eastern and western  parts of Siberia, stretching from the city of Inta, in Komi Autonomous  Republic, through Salekhard to Igarka, on the Yenisei River. The line  was never completed, yet tens of thousands workers forced on the project  perished while attempting to.   Most of the workers were derived  from the Soviet gulag system, where citizens convicted of political  offences were sent to. A “political offense” could mean anything from  turning up late for work, to writing politically incorrect poetry, to  spending time as German prisoners-of-war, or stealing beetroots to feed  their children. The authorities branded them “enemy of the people” and  sent them to gulag camps where they were subjected to untold miseries  and torture.   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-2bDyKiaxgh4/V3LBphI2mUI/AAAAAAABOlc/Sp6Umzn_ZR0/salekhardigarka-railway-156.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   Prisoner-workers building the Salekhard–Igarka Railway. Photo from the book "Gulag" by Tomasz Kizny.         The original plan was to build a port at  Salekhard on the Ob River, and transport supplies from factories on  western Siberia, such as the large nickel factories at Norilsk,  via the river system. But when the Ob estuary was found to be too  shallow for the deep water vessels, a new port was built at Igarka on  the river Yenisey, and it was decided to connect Salekhard to Igarka by a  railroad, with the possibility of a further extension to the South-East  to link with the Trans Siberian Railway.   But aside from  fulfilling Stalin’s ambitious plans to conquer the Arctic, there was no  real demand for the railroad. The Siberian factories were already  satisfactorily serviced by the existing southern rail lines, and the  Yamalo-Nenets region itself was too sparsely settled and isolated to  generate demand.   Nevertheless, construction of the railroad began  in 1947. The Gulag camps provided Stalin a cheap and expendable  workforce that he could assign to any project. An estimated 80,000 to  120,000 prisoners were enslaved in the building of the railroad, but  some sources claim figures as high as 300,000.   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-yyE1AqnMNZY/V3LBq0GbDhI/AAAAAAABOlg/clL5KKAzs5M/salekhardigarka-railway-167.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   Working  conditions were brutal. In winter, temperatures plummeted to -60°C and  blizzards chilled the body to the core. In summer, mosquitoes, gnats,  and parasites brought diseases and death. Life was cheap and beatings  were common. Only the most resilient of workers survived.   The  immense technical challenges of laying a line over permafrost were never  effectively overcome. Lack of machinery, poor logistics and shortage of  materials ensured that the quality of the work was sub-standard.  Bridges collapsed, melt and rain water washed out embankments, and the  bogs swallowed the railway tracks.   Construction came to an end  after the death of Stalin in 1953. By then a total of 698 km of railway  were completed at an estimated cost of 42 billion 1953 rubles (or $10  billion in 1950 dollars).   It will never be known how many people  actually died because no accurate records were kept. Some say,  one-third of the total number of workers perished.   In 2010, a  section of the railway from Igarka to Norilsk, a distance of about 220  km, was rebuilt following much of the original corridor, to support the  nickel and petroleum industry. The line, now renamed the Northern  Latitudinal Route, was opened in 2015.   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-cYNvm68Iujo/V3LBsUWBZpI/AAAAAAABOlk/L4gkTRd1VEg/salekhardigarka-railway-126.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Sq1cyMwjnKw/V3LBtuYtMjI/AAAAAAABOlo/fA78SabBQUs/salekhardigarka-railway-12.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-DBPMz8Fd9pY/V3LBvL5vCVI/AAAAAAABOlw/STtJMrzLccA/salekhardigarka-railway-22.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-E7cKdQqsuy4/V3LBwgnwP6I/AAAAAAABOl0/TEBKRljeVKs/salekhardigarka-railway-32.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-m5Ogt3HKfqc/V3LBzq6GKzI/AAAAAAABOl8/i8HGKVc37u8/salekhardigarka-railway-42.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-37xgoLvQjv8/V3LB0yWkQzI/AAAAAAABOmE/uKxwS-GryYQ/salekhardigarka-railway-52.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-YvxrtoH9uWA/V3LB2dooQsI/AAAAAAABOmM/UZ3jxM9Sq9Q/salekhardigarka-railway-146.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-G_nD_o-PzDs/V3LB3iLNJ0I/AAAAAAABOmU/P-avUAiATLQ/salekhardigarka-railway-72.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-GOOepaGVERM/V3LB4xxF_bI/AAAAAAABOmY/zryX0quCNuE/salekhardigarka-railway-82.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-lFnJo5zBxfU/V3LB6W88SII/AAAAAAABOmg/0-9qKc4mAvk/salekhardigarka-railway-66.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-h-zi7puKsKE/V3LB7q-bVYI/AAAAAAABOmk/eaausiqzdtQ/salekhardigarka-railway-92.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-RXCNkgZeCG8/V3LB9OXzBHI/AAAAAAABOms/v9qlfvK1nx4/salekhardigarka-railway-102.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />   <img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-NiF8oW35vZ8/V3LB-cwr5BI/AAAAAAABOmw/hitZG2j_xNk/salekhardigarka-railway-112.jpg?imgmax=1600" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></blockquote>

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