List of former heads of regimes who were sentenced to death
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This is an incomplete list of former heads of regimes, like Presidents, Prime Ministers, Monarchs, who were sentenced to death by the succeeding regime following their removal from power.
Names indexed by surnames Countries Dates born Official positions Dates died Notes
Antonescu, Ion Romania 1882-06-15 Prime minister (1940-1944) 1946-06-01 Executed by firing squad
Bagryanov, Ivan Ivanov Bulgaria 1891-10-29 Prime minister (1944) 1945-02-01 Executed
Bayar, Celal Turkey 1883-05-16 President (1950-1960), prime minister (1937-1939) 1986-08-22 Sentence commuted; released in 1964
Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali Pakistan 1928-01-05 President (1971-1973), prime minister (1973-1977) 1979-04-04 Executed by hanging
Bokassa, Jean-Bédel Central African Republic 1921-02-22 Emperor (1976-1979), president (1966-1976) 1996-11-03 Sentence commuted; released in 1993
Bozhilov, Dobri Bulgaria 1884-06-13 Prime minister (1943-1944) 1945-02-01 Executed
Ceauşescu, Nicolae Romania 1918-01-26 President (1967-1989) 1989-12-25 Executed by firing squad
Charles I of England England, Scotland, Ireland 1600-11-19 King (1625-1649) 1649-01-30 Executed by decapitation
Chen Gongbo China (Wang Jingwei government) 1892 President (1944-1945) 1946 Executed by firing squad
Chun Doo-hwan Korea, South 1931-01-18 President (1980-1988) Living Sentence commuted; released in 1997
Filov, Bogdan Bulgaria 1883-04-09 Prime minister (1940-1943) 1945-02-02 Executed
Hoveida, Amir-Abbas Iran 1919-02-18 Prime minister (1965-1977) 1979-04-07 Executed by firing squad
Lady Jane Grey England 1536/1537 Queen (1553) 1553-07-19 Executed
Liang Hongzhi China, reformed government of the Republic of 1882 Chairman (1938-1940) 1946-11 Executed by firing squad
Louis XVI of France France 1754-08-23 King (1774-1792) 1793-01-21 Executed by decapitation (guillotine)
Macías Nguema, Francisco Equatorial Guinea 1924-01-01 President (1968-1979) 1979-09-29 Executed
Mary, Queen of Scots Scotland 1542-12-08 Queen of Scotland (1542-1567) 1587-02-08 Beheaded by order of her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England, to prevent her inheriting the English throne.
Massemba-Débat, Alphonse Congo, Republic of the 1921 President (1963-1968), prime minister (1963) 1977-03-25 Executed
Menderes, Adnan Turkey 1899 Prime minister (1950-1960) 1961-09-17 Executed by hanging
Mengistu Haile Mariam Ethiopia 1937 or 1941 Head of state (1977-1987), president (1987-1991) Living in absentia
Mussolini, Benito Italy 1883-07-29 Prime minister (1922-1943) 1945-04-28 Executed by firing squad
Nagy, Imre Hungary 1896-06-07 Prime minister (1953-1955, 1956) 1958-06-16 Executed by hanging
Najibullah, Mohammad Afghanistan 1947 President (1987-1992) 1996-09-27 Executed by hanging
Nicholas II of Russia Russian Empire 1868-05-18[1] Emperor (1894-1917) 1918-07-17[2] Executed
Pétain, Philippe France, Vichy 1856-04-24 Head of state (1940-1944) 1951-07-23 Sentence commuted to life imprisonment
Ferenc Szálasi Hungary 1897-01-06 Nationleader (1944-1945) 1946-03-12 Executed
Quisling, Vidkun Norway 1887-07-18 Minister president (1942-1945) 1945-10-24 Executed by firing squad
Saddam Hussein Iraq 1937-04-28 President (1979-2003) 2006-12-30 Executed by hanging
Tojo, Hideki Japan 1884-12-30 Prime minister (1941-1944) 1948-12-23 Executed by hanging
Traoré, Moussa Mali 1936-09-25 President (1968-1991) Living Sentence commuted; released in 2002
Zinsou, Émile Dahomey (now Benin) 1918-03-23 President (1968-1969) 2016-07-28 in absentia
Marcos, Ferdinand Philippines 1917-9-11 President (1965-1986) 1989-9-28 Sentenced commuted; released in 22 October 1940
