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Message: <blockquote data-quote="imhotep" data-source="post: 28160577" data-attributes="member: 562115">Sadly the global incidence of MS is on the increase. There are so many teams working around the world but nobody has a cure in sight.However in April 2022, the Mayo Clinic announced and have validated a new antibody test for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This cerebrospinal fluid test measures immunoglobulin kappa free light chains and called KCSF (Kappa CerebroSpinal Fluid)The current gold standard test for MS uses Oligoclonal bands. These are type of proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Usually obtained through a lumbar puncture. Normally there should be no banding. The presence indicates inflammation of the CNS and could be a sign of MS.Studies in recent years have clearly shown that genetic risk variants are a necessary condition for developing multiple sclerosis. A recent study by the University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology where they examined 61 pairs of monozygotic twins where one twin is affected by MS, whereas the co-twin is healthy. From a genetic perspective the twins are identical and the healthy twin had the maximum genetic risk - but they did not show any clinical signs of the disease. So they are trying to rule out the genetic influence and specifically track the immune system changes that were ultimately responsible for triggering MS in one twin.They have found the biggest differences in the immune profiles of MS affected twins in to be in the cytokine receptors, i.e. the way immune cells communicate with one another.On the emerging medicines front Mayo clinic is trying out BTK inhibitors - Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitors for relapsing-remitting MS and secondary-progressive MS.</blockquote>

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