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Buddhism in Europe .!
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<blockquote data-quote="Windows2k" data-source="post: 7540097" data-attributes="member: 281720"><p>[<a href="http://javascript%3cb%3e%3c/b%3E:collapseTable%280%29;" target="_blank">hide</a>] </p><p> Part of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Buddhism" target="_blank">series</a> on</p><p> <span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="color: #af4630"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" target="_blank">Buddhism</a></strong></span></span></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/50px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p><p> <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Buddhism" target="_blank">Portal of Buddhism</a></strong></p><p> <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" target="_blank">Outline of Buddhism</a></strong></p><p> <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Buddhism" target="_blank">History of Buddhism</a></strong></p><p> </p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Buddhism" target="_blank">Timeline</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_councils" target="_blank">Buddhist councils</a></p><p> </p><p> <strong>Major figures</strong></p><p> </p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" target="_blank">Gautama Buddha</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Disciples_of_the_Buddha" target="_blank">Disciples</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" target="_blank">Later Buddhists</a></p><p> <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharma_%28Buddhism%29" target="_blank">Dharma</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_terms_and_concepts" target="_blank">concepts</a></strong></p><p> </p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" target="_blank">Four Noble Truths</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" target="_blank">Noble Eightfold Path</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence" target="_blank">Three marks of existence</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da" target="_blank">Dependent origination</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_%28Buddhism%29" target="_blank">Saṃsāra</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" target="_blank">Nirvāṇa</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandha" target="_blank">Skandha</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology" target="_blank">Cosmology</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" target="_blank">Karma</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebirth_%28Buddhism%29" target="_blank">Rebirth</a></p><p> </p><p> <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Buddhist_meditation" target="_blank">Practices</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_stages_of_enlightenment" target="_blank">attainment</a></strong></p><p> </p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhahood" target="_blank">Buddhahood</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhisattva" target="_blank">Bodhisattva</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_stages_of_enlightenment" target="_blank">4 stages of enlightenment</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81" target="_blank">Wisdom</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_meditation" target="_blank">Meditation</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simran" target="_blank">Smarana</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_Precepts" target="_blank">Precepts</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" target="_blank">Pāramitās</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Jewels" target="_blank">Three Jewels</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" target="_blank">Monastics</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Householder_%28Buddhism%29" target="_blank">Laity</a></p><p> <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_by_country" target="_blank">Countries</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_by_region" target="_blank">regions</a></strong></p><p> </p><p> <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" target="_blank">Schools</a></strong></p><p> </p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theravada" target="_blank">Theravāda</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" target="_blank">Mahāyāna</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajrayana" target="_blank">Vajrayāna</a></p><p> <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_texts" target="_blank">Texts</a></strong></p><p> </p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_canon" target="_blank">Chinese canon</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali_Canon" target="_blank">Pali canon</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon" target="_blank">Tibetan canon</a></p><p> <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" target="_blank">Related topics</a></strong></p><p> </p><p> <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Comparative_Buddhism" target="_blank">Comparative studies</a></strong></p><p> <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_elements_of_Buddhism" target="_blank">Cultural elements</a></strong></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Buddhism" target="_blank">Criticism</a></p><p> </p><p> This box: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Buddhism" target="_blank">view</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Buddhism" target="_blank">talk</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Buddhism&action=edit" target="_blank">edit</a></p><p> <strong>Greco-Buddhism</strong>, sometimes spelled <strong>Graeco-Buddhism</strong>, refers to the cultural <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncretism" target="_blank">syncretism</a> between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization" target="_blank">Hellenistic culture</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" target="_blank">Buddhism</a>, which developed between the 4th century BCE and the 5th century CE in the area covered by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_sub-continent" target="_blank">Indian sub-continent</a>, and modern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" target="_blank">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" target="_blank">Pakistan</a> and north-western border regions of modern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" target="_blank">India</a>, namely western portions of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir" target="_blank">Jammu and Kashmir</a>. It was a cultural consequence of a long chain of interactions begun by Greek forays into India from the time of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" target="_blank">Alexander the Great</a>, carried further by the establishment of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Greeks" target="_blank">Indo-Greek</a> rule in the area for some centuries, and extended during flourishing of the Hellenized empire of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushans" target="_blank">Kushans</a>.[<em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" target="_blank">citation needed</a></em>] Greco-Buddhism influenced the artistic, and perhaps the spiritual framework, developments of Buddhism, particularly <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" target="_blank">Mahayana Buddhism</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" target="_blank">founded in India</a>, which represents one of the two main branches of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" target="_blank">Buddhism</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Greece#cite_note-0" target="_blank">[1]</a> The Buddhist religious system was then adopted in Central and Northeastern Asia, from the 1st century CE, ultimately spreading to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" target="_blank">China</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea" target="_blank">Korea</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" target="_blank">Japan</a>. Of central importance in the study of Greco-Buddhism is the claim of Ranajit Pal <a href="http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2007/2007-12-39.html" target="_blank">[1]</a> that the Indo-Greek king Diodotus-I was the great Ashoka himself.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Greece#cite_note-1" target="_blank">[2]</a> which has been supported by scholars such as Thomas McEvilley.<a href="http://www.ranajitpal.com/" target="_blank">[2]</a></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> <strong>Buddhism in Germany</strong></p><p> </p><p> <strong>From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</strong></p><p> </p><p> Jump to:<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Germany#head" target="_blank">navigation</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Germany#p-search" target="_blank">search</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Windows2k, post: 7540097, member: 281720"] [[URL="http://javascript%3cb%3e%3c/b%3E:collapseTable%280%29;"]hide[/URL]] Part of a [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Buddhism"]series[/URL] on [SIZE=4][COLOR=#af4630][B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism"]Buddhism[/URL][/B][/COLOR][/SIZE] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg"][IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/50px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png[/IMG][/URL] [B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Buddhism"]Portal of Buddhism[/URL][/B] [B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism"]Outline of Buddhism[/URL][/B] [B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Buddhism"]History of Buddhism[/URL][/B] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Buddhism"]Timeline[/URL] - [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_councils"]Buddhist councils[/URL] [B]Major figures[/B] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha"]Gautama Buddha[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Disciples_of_the_Buddha"]Disciples[/URL] · [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Buddhists"]Later Buddhists[/URL] [B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharma_%28Buddhism%29"]Dharma[/URL] or [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_terms_and_concepts"]concepts[/URL][/B] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths"]Four Noble Truths[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path"]Noble Eightfold Path[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence"]Three marks of existence[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da"]Dependent origination[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_%28Buddhism%29"]Saṃsāra[/URL] · [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana"]Nirvāṇa[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandha"]Skandha[/URL] · [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology"]Cosmology[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism"]Karma[/URL] · [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebirth_%28Buddhism%29"]Rebirth[/URL] [B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Buddhist_meditation"]Practices[/URL] and [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_stages_of_enlightenment"]attainment[/URL][/B] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhahood"]Buddhahood[/URL] · [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhisattva"]Bodhisattva[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_stages_of_enlightenment"]4 stages of enlightenment[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81"]Wisdom[/URL] · [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_meditation"]Meditation[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simran"]Smarana[/URL] · [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_Precepts"]Precepts[/URL] · [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81"]Pāramitās[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Jewels"]Three Jewels[/URL] · [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism"]Monastics[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Householder_%28Buddhism%29"]Laity[/URL] [B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_by_country"]Countries[/URL] and [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_by_region"]regions[/URL][/B] [B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism"]Schools[/URL][/B] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theravada"]Theravāda[/URL] · [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana"]Mahāyāna[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajrayana"]Vajrayāna[/URL] [B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_texts"]Texts[/URL][/B] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_canon"]Chinese canon[/URL] · [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali_Canon"]Pali canon[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon"]Tibetan canon[/URL] [B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles"]Related topics[/URL][/B] [B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Comparative_Buddhism"]Comparative studies[/URL][/B] [B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_elements_of_Buddhism"]Cultural elements[/URL][/B] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Buddhism"]Criticism[/URL] This box: [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Buddhism"]view[/URL] • [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Buddhism"]talk[/URL] • [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Buddhism&action=edit"]edit[/URL] [B]Greco-Buddhism[/B], sometimes spelled [B]Graeco-Buddhism[/B], refers to the cultural [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncretism"]syncretism[/URL] between [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization"]Hellenistic culture[/URL] and [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism"]Buddhism[/URL], which developed between the 4th century BCE and the 5th century CE in the area covered by the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_sub-continent"]Indian sub-continent[/URL], and modern [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan"]Afghanistan[/URL], [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan"]Pakistan[/URL] and north-western border regions of modern [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"]India[/URL], namely western portions of [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir"]Jammu and Kashmir[/URL]. It was a cultural consequence of a long chain of interactions begun by Greek forays into India from the time of [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great"]Alexander the Great[/URL], carried further by the establishment of [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Greeks"]Indo-Greek[/URL] rule in the area for some centuries, and extended during flourishing of the Hellenized empire of the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushans"]Kushans[/URL].[[I][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/URL][/I]] Greco-Buddhism influenced the artistic, and perhaps the spiritual framework, developments of Buddhism, particularly [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism"]Mahayana Buddhism[/URL], [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India"]founded in India[/URL], which represents one of the two main branches of [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism"]Buddhism[/URL].[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Greece#cite_note-0"][1][/URL] The Buddhist religious system was then adopted in Central and Northeastern Asia, from the 1st century CE, ultimately spreading to [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China"]China[/URL], [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea"]Korea[/URL] and [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan"]Japan[/URL]. Of central importance in the study of Greco-Buddhism is the claim of Ranajit Pal [URL="http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2007/2007-12-39.html"][1][/URL] that the Indo-Greek king Diodotus-I was the great Ashoka himself.[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Greece#cite_note-1"][2][/URL] which has been supported by scholars such as Thomas McEvilley.[URL="http://www.ranajitpal.com/"][2][/URL] [B]Buddhism in Germany[/B] [B]From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia[/B] Jump to:[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Germany#head"]navigation[/URL], [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Germany#p-search"]search[/URL] [/QUOTE]
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