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Message: <blockquote data-quote="LastDragon" data-source="post: 14882489" data-attributes="member: 469549">Gautama Buddha   <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buddha_in_Sarnath_Museum_%28Dhammajak_Mutra%29.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Buddha_in_Sarnath_Museum_%28Dhammajak_Mutra%29.jpg/300px-Buddha_in_Sarnath_Museum_%28Dhammajak_Mutra%29.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>A statue of the Buddha from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnath" target="_blank">Sarnath</a>, 4th century CE   Born c. 563 BCE <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-autogenerated1-1" target="_blank">[1]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" target="_blank">Lumbini</a> (present-day in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal" target="_blank">Nepal</a>)   Died c. 483 BCE (aged 80) or 411 and 400 BCE<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushinagar" target="_blank">Kushinagar</a> (present-day in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" target="_blank">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" target="_blank">India</a>)   Known for Founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" target="_blank">Buddhism</a>   Predecessor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassapa_Buddha" target="_blank">Kassapa Buddha</a>   Successor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitreya_Buddha" target="_blank">Maitreya Buddha</a>     Part of     Gautama Buddha or Siddhārtha Gautama Buddha (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit" target="_blank">Sanskrit</a>: <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" target="_blank">सिद्धार्थ</a> <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE" target="_blank">गौतम</a> <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" target="_blank">बुद्ध</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali" target="_blank">Pali</a>: Siddhattha Gotama; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhala_language" target="_blank">Sinhala</a>: ගෞතම බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේ), also called Sakyamuni,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaroni2002230-2" target="_blank">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-3" target="_blank">[note 1]</a> was a sage<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaroni2002230-2" target="_blank">[2]</a> from the ancient <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakya" target="_blank">Shakya republic</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-FOOTNOTEwarder200045-4" target="_blank">[3]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-12" target="_blank">[note 2]</a> on whose teachings <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" target="_blank">Buddhism</a> was founded.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-13" target="_blank">[10]</a> He is also referred to as "the Buddha" or simply as "Buddha." Buddha means "awakened one" or "the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" target="_blank">enlightened</a>  one." "Buddha" is also used as a title for the first awakened being in  an era. In most Buddhist traditions, Siddhartha Gautama is regarded as  the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhahood" target="_blank">Supreme Buddha</a> (P. sammāsambuddha, S. samyaksaṃbuddha) of our age, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-14" target="_blank">[note 3]</a> Gautama Buddha may also be referred to as Shakyamuni Buddha, Śākyamuni (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit" target="_blank">Sanskrit</a>: शाक्यमुनि "Sage of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakya" target="_blank">Śākyas</a>") or "The Awakened One of the Shakya Clan." Gautama taught a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Way" target="_blank">Middle Way</a> compared to the severe <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asceticism" target="_blank">asceticism</a> found in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sramana" target="_blank">Sramana</a> (renunciation) movement <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-15" target="_blank">[11]</a> common in his region. He later taught throughout regions of eastern India such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magadha" target="_blank">Magadha</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosala" target="_blank">Kośala</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-16" target="_blank">[12]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-17" target="_blank">[13]</a> The time of Gautama's birth and death is uncertain: most historians  in the early 20th century dated his lifetime as circa 563 BCE to 483  BCE,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-Cousins-18" target="_blank">[14]</a> but more recent opinion dates his death to between 486 and 483 BCE or, according to some, between 411 and 400 BCE.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-19" target="_blank">[15]</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-21" target="_blank">[note 4]</a> However, at a specialist symposium on this question held in 1988 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" target="_blank">Göttingen</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-Cousins-18" target="_blank">[14]</a>  the majority of those scholars who presented definite opinions gave  dates within 20 years either side of 400 BCE for the Buddha's death,  with others supporting earlier or later dates. These alternative  chronologies, however, have not yet been accepted by all other  historians.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-22" target="_blank">[16]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-23" target="_blank">[17]</a> Gautama is the primary figure in Buddhism, and accounts of his life, discourses, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monasticism" target="_blank">monastic</a>  rules are believed by Buddhists to have been summarized after his death  and memorized by his followers. Various collections of teachings  attributed to him were passed down by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_tradition" target="_blank">oral tradition</a>, and first committed to writing about 400 years later.     Contents  <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Traditional_biographies" target="_blank">1 Traditional biographies</a><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Primary_biographical_sources" target="_blank">1.1 Primary biographical sources</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Nature_of_traditional_depictions" target="_blank">1.2 Nature of traditional depictions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Biography" target="_blank">2 Biography</a><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Conception_and_birth" target="_blank">2.1 Conception and birth</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Early_life_and_marriage" target="_blank">2.2 Early life and marriage</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Departure_and_ascetic_life" target="_blank">2.3 Departure and ascetic life</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Awakening" target="_blank">2.4 Awakening</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Formation_of_the_sangha" target="_blank">2.5 Formation of the sangha</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Travels_and_teaching" target="_blank">2.6 Travels and teaching</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Assassination_attempts" target="_blank">2.7 Assassination attempts</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Mahaparinirvana" target="_blank">2.8 Mahaparinirvana</a></li> </ul> </li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Physical_characteristics" target="_blank">3 Physical characteristics</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Teachings" target="_blank">4 Teachings</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Other_religions" target="_blank">5 Other religions</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Depiction_in_arts_and_media" target="_blank">6 Depiction in arts and media</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#See_also" target="_blank">7 See also</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Notes" target="_blank">8 Notes</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#References" target="_blank">9 References</a><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Written_references" target="_blank">9.1 Written references</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Web-references" target="_blank">9.2 Web-references</a></li> </ul> </li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Sources" target="_blank">10 Sources</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#Further_reading" target="_blank">11 Further reading</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#External_links" target="_blank">12 External links</a></li> </ul>    Traditional biographies  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buddha-painting.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Buddha-painting.jpg/220px-Buddha-painting.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buddha-painting.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf2/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a> Buddha by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otgonbayar_Ershuu" target="_blank">Otgonbayar Ershuu</a>    Primary biographical sources The primary sources for the life of Siddhārtha Gautama are a variety  of different, and sometimes conflicting, traditional biographies. These  include the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhacarita" target="_blank">Buddhacarita</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalitavistara_Sutra" target="_blank">Lalitavistara Sūtra</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C4%81vastu" target="_blank">Mahāvastu</a>, and the Nidānakathā.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-Fowler.2C_Mark_2005._p._32-24" target="_blank">[18]</a> Of these, the Buddhacarita is the earliest full biography, an epic poem written by the poet <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Bvagho%E1%B9%A3a" target="_blank">Aśvaghoṣa</a>, and dating around the beginning of the 2nd century CE.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-Fowler.2C_Mark_2005._p._32-24" target="_blank">[18]</a> The Lalitavistara Sūtra is the next oldest biography, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" target="_blank">Mahāyāna</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarvastivada" target="_blank">Sarvāstivāda</a> biography dating to the 3rd century CE.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-Karetzky.2C_Patricia_2000-25" target="_blank">[19]</a> The Mahāvastu from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C4%81s%C4%81%E1%B9%83ghika" target="_blank">Mahāsāṃghika</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokottaravada" target="_blank">Lokottaravāda</a> tradition is another major biography, composed incrementally until perhaps the 4th century CE.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-Karetzky.2C_Patricia_2000-25" target="_blank">[19]</a> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmaguptaka" target="_blank">Dharmaguptaka</a> biography of the Buddha is the most exhaustive, and is entitled the Abhiniṣkramaṇa Sūtra, and various Chinese translations of this date between the 3rd and 6th century CE. Lastly, the Nidānakathā is from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therav%C4%81da" target="_blank">Theravāda</a> tradition in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka" target="_blank">Sri Lanka</a>, composed in the 5th century CE by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhaghosa" target="_blank">Buddhaghoṣa</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-26" target="_blank">[20]</a> From canonical sources, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jataka_tales" target="_blank">Jātaka tales</a>, Mahapadana Sutta (DN 14), and the Achariyabhuta Sutta  (MN 123) include selective accounts that may be older, but are not full  biographies. The Jātaka tales retell previous lives of Gautama as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhisattva" target="_blank">bodhisattva</a>, and the first collection of these can be dated among the earliest Buddhist texts.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha#cite_note-27" target="_blank">[21]</a> The Mahāpadāna Sutta and Acchariyaabbhuta Sutta both recount miraculous events surrounding Gautama's birth, such as the bodhisattva's descent from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusita" target="_blank">Tuṣita</a> Heaven into his mother's womb.  Nature of traditional depictions  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Astasahasrika_Prajnaparamita_Queen_Maya_Birth.jpeg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Astasahasrika_Prajnaparamita_Queen_Maya_Birth.jpeg/220px-Astasahasrika_Prajnaparamita_Queen_Maya_Birth.jpeg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a>  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Astasahasrika_Prajnaparamita_Queen_Maya_Birth.jpeg" target="_blank"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf2/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a> Queen Māyā miraculously giving birth to Prince Siddhārtha; Sanskrit manuscript; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalanda" target="_blank">Nālandā</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar" target="_blank">Bihar</a>, India; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pala_Empire" target="_blank">Pāla</a> period  මේක මගේ පෞද්ගලික වුවමනාවකට දැම්මේ. කවුරුවත් දඟලන්න එපා මෙතන</blockquote>

Verification: Haya warak paha keeyada? (haya wadi kireema paha)

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