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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Miami-Vice" data-source="post: 31167044" data-attributes="member: 279482"><p>The <strong>U.S. history of intervention in Iran</strong> is <strong>long, indirect, and highly consequential</strong>. Here’s a <strong>clear, chronological explanation</strong> of <strong>what America did in Iran and why it still matters today</strong>.</p><p></p><hr /><h2>1. <strong>1953 Coup d’état (the most important event)</strong></h2><h3>What happened</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Iran’s democratically elected Prime Minister <strong>Mohammad Mossadegh</strong> nationalized Iran’s oil.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">The <strong>CIA (with Britain’s MI6)</strong> organized <strong>Operation Ajax</strong>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Mossadegh was overthrown.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">The <strong>Shah of Iran</strong> (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi) was restored to absolute power.</li> </ul><h3>Why the U.S. intervened</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Protect Western oil interests (British and U.S.)</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Cold War fear that Iran might drift toward the Soviet Union</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Desire for a pro-Western, stable regime</li> </ul><h3>Consequences</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Iran lost its democratic path</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Shah ruled as an authoritarian backed by U.S.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Deep, lasting <strong>anti-American resentment</strong></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">This event is often cited as the <strong>root cause of modern U.S.–Iran hostility</strong></li> </ul><hr /><h2>2. <strong>Support for the Shah (1953–1979)</strong></h2><h3>What the U.S. did</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Provided:<ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Military aid</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Intelligence support</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Weapons</li> </ul></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Trained and backed <strong>SAVAK</strong>, Iran’s secret police</li> </ul><h3>Why</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Iran was a key U.S. ally in the Middle East</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Containment of Soviet influence</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Oil and regional stability</li> </ul><h3>Outcome</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Economic modernization for elites</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Severe repression of opposition</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Growing public anger</li> </ul><hr /><h2>3. <strong>1979 Iranian Revolution</strong></h2><h3>What changed</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Shah was overthrown</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>Islamic Republic</strong> established under Ayatollah Khomeini</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">U.S. embassy seized; <strong>52 Americans held hostage for 444 days</strong></li> </ul><h3>U.S. role</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">No direct military intervention during the revolution</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">The crisis hardened hostility on both sides</li> </ul><hr /><h2>4. <strong>Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)</strong></h2><h3>What the U.S. did</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>Backed Iraq (Saddam Hussein)</strong> indirectly:<ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Intelligence sharing</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Financial facilitation</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Political support</li> </ul></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Looked away from Iraq’s use of chemical weapons</li> </ul><h3>Why</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Prevent Iran’s revolutionary ideology from spreading</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Maintain balance of power</li> </ul><h3>Consequences</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Over 1 million casualties combined</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Iran views this as proof the U.S. is its enemy</li> </ul><hr /><h2>5. <strong>Direct military clashes (1980s)</strong></h2><h3>Key incidents</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>Operation Praying Mantis (1988)</strong>:<br /> U.S. destroyed much of Iran’s navy in one day</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>Iran Air Flight 655 (1988)</strong>:<br /> U.S. warship shot down Iranian civilian airliner, killing 290 people</li> </ul><h3>Impact</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Deep trauma in Iran</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">U.S. later expressed regret, but never formally apologized</li> </ul><hr /><h2>6. <strong>Sanctions & pressure (1990s–present)</strong></h2><h3>What the U.S. does</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Extensive economic sanctions</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Cyber operations (e.g., <strong>Stuxnet</strong> attack on nuclear facilities)</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Targeted killings (e.g., <strong>Qassem Soleimani</strong> in 2020)</li> </ul><h3>Why</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Nuclear concerns</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Regional influence</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Support for proxy groups</li> </ul><hr /><h2>7. <strong>JCPOA (2015) and collapse</strong></h2><h3>What happened</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">U.S. and allies signed nuclear deal with Iran</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Iran limited nuclear program</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">U.S. withdrew in 2018 under Trump</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Sanctions reimposed</li> </ul><h3>Result</h3> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Relations deteriorated again</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Iran resumed nuclear enrichment</li> </ul></blockquote><p></p>

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