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Message: <blockquote data-quote="laal" data-source="post: 8473454" data-attributes="member: 94459">OscillatorsAn electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a  repetitive electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square wave.A low-frequency oscillator (LFO) is an electronic oscillator that  generates an AC waveform at a frequency below ≈20 Hz. This term is  typically used in the field of audio synthesizers, to distinguish it  from an audio frequency oscillator.Oscillators designed to produce a high-power AC output from a DC supply are usually called inverters.The waveform generators which are used to generate pure sinusoidal  waveforms of fixed amplitude and frequency are called oscillators. Crystal oscillatorA crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical  resonance  of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an  electrical signal with a very precise frequency. This frequency is  commonly used to keep track of time (as in quartz wristwatches), to  provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to  stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The most  common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so  oscillator circuits designed around them were called "crystal  oscillators".Quartz crystals are manufactured for frequencies from a few tens of  kilohertz to tens of megahertz. More than two billion (2×109) crystals  are manufactured annually. Most are small devices for consumer devices  such as wristwatches, clocks, radios, computers, and cellphones. Quartz  crystals are also found inside test and measurement equipment, such as  counters, signal generators, and oscilloscopes.<img src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_8JZhVVmpICU/S8Ac4MbYu6I/AAAAAAAAAJ8/m3A5NQ7nSCE/Smt%20clock.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />Voltage-controlled oscillatorA voltage-controlled oscillator or VCO is an electronic oscillator  designed to be controlled in oscillation frequency  by a voltage  input.  <img src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_8JZhVVmpICU/S8Aoa7AH-ZI/AAAAAAAAAKE/nBwt919damE/SMT%20VCTXO.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />The  frequency of oscillation is varied by the applied DC voltage, while  modulating signals may also be fed into the VCO to cause frequency  modulation (FM) or phase modulation (PM); a VCO with digital pulse  output may similarly have its repetition rate (FSK, PSK) or pulse width  modulated (PWM).</blockquote>

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