Nuclear Power Plant

aragon

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  • Oct 16, 2008
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    At the Nuclear Power Plant


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    One Russian blogger has paid a visit to the modern Russian nuclear plant. Normally it is forbidden to take photos there, but they have made an exception for him. So now we have a rare chance to see what’s inside of the Russian most modern power plant.

    This power plant is situated near Smolensk city. Its power generation potential is 3 Megawatt and it was build for 8 years, from 1982 to 1990. There were planned to be four nuclear reactors, but because of the panic after the Chernobyl accident the forth block has not been completed, so there are three of them for now.


    Let’s go inside.





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    In Russia there are now 10 active power plants. This one produces 1/7 of the overral electricity outcome of Russian nuclear powerplants, so it is a big one.



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    Because this powerplant was completed after the Chernobyl, they paid a special attention to secure it from alike accidents. There is even a saying that “The sci-fi writers are on the second place by richness of imagination, the first place is occupied by the nuclear plant security engineers”, meaning that they need to make it safe just for some unimaginable events that not very likely to happen, but still the security system should be ready for them.

    The outside structure that secures reactors themselves can stand the blast that exceeds ten times the power of atomic bomb blast, just imagine.


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    There is a 30km (18 miles) security zone around the plant itself. It’s literary filled with all sorts of sensors and monitoring devices that measure the condition of the environment and should report any smallest deviation from normal radiation doses. There is also a water pound, the normal thing on such an object, that stores strategic reserve of water, which is said to be very clean and is fishing there is the big dream for every local - it doesn’t freezes in winter and has plenty of different fish species.



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    The entrance to the station has a few protection levels, including palm scan, checking weight (it shouldn’t) differ from the number on profile.



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    Everyone should be dressed into uniform.



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    Everyone gets personal radiation checker.



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    The turbines.



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    aragon

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    The main reactor hall, the reactor itself is in the concrete reactor cavity


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    The nuclear fuel used is Uranium255


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    It is placed in those green tubes.


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    One can see the blue glow at 2.5 meteres (8 feet) deep. It is because of Cerenkov effect “electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through an insulator at a speed greater than the speed of light in that medium”.

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    The main control point.


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    That’s it!

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    KeBa

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  • Mar 8, 2008
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    Katahari Nuclear power plant ekak wadakaranne kohomada kiyala dan ganna onenam kiyanna
     

    KeBa

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    ow machan, apitath ithin danna wistharayak kiyanna..

    Onna ehenam -:

    Energy a la Einstein

    Mass can be converted into energy with a yield governed by the Einstein relationship:
    ein1.gif


    where c = the speed of light. The yield from converting one kilogram is
    ein2.gif


    The energy consumption for one U.S. citizen for one year is about
    ein3.gif
    Nuclear Fission Reactors

    Current uses of nuclear energy must rely on nuclear fission, a less-than-ideal energy source, since nuclear fusion has yet to be harnessed for electricity generation. The heat from the nuclear fission is used to:

    ein5.gif



    This usually done in a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) or a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), but there are other options such as the fast breeder reactor.​
    Fission and Fusion Yields

    rh2.gif

    Deuterium-tritium fusion and uranium-235 fission are compared in terms of energy yield. Both the single event energy and the energy per kilogram of fuel are compared. Then they expressed in terms of a nominal per capita U.S. energy use: 5 x 1011 joules. This figure is dated and probably high, but it gives a basis for comparison. The values above are the total energy yield, not the energy delivered to a consumer.

    fifui.gif


    Nuclear Binding Energy

    Nuclei are made up of protons and neutron, but the mass of a nucleus is always less than the sum of the individual masses of the protons and neutrons which constitute it. The difference is a measure of the nuclear binding energy which holds the nucleus together. This binding energy can be calculated from the Einstein relationship:

    Nuclear binding energy = Dmc2

    For the alpha particle Dm= 0.0304 u which gives a binding energy of 28.3 MeV

    nucbind.gif


    Fast Breeder Reactors

    Under appropriate operating conditions, the neutrons given off by fission reactions can "breed" more fuel from otherwise non-fissionable isotopes. The most common breeding reaction is that of plutonium-239 from non-fissionable uranium-238. The term "fast breeder" refers to the types of configurations which can actually produce more fissionable fuel than they use, such as the LMFBR. This scenario is possible because the non-fissionable uranium-238 is 140 times more abundant than the fissionable U-235 and can be efficiently converted into Pu-239 by the neutrons from a fission chain reaction.

    France has made the largest implementation of breeder reactors with its large Super-Phenix reactor and an intermediate scale reactor (BN-600) on the Caspian Sea for electric power and desalinization.
    Breeding Plutonium-239

    Fissionable plutonium-239 can be produced from non-fissionable uranium-238 by the reaction illustrated.


    The bombardment of uranium-238 with neutrons triggers two successive beta decays with the production of plutonium. The amount of plutonium produced depends on the breeding ratio.
    fbre.gif
     
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    KeBa

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    tmi1.gif


    Methiyenne Generator ekata power supply wena widiya

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    Methiyenne reactor core eka oke thiyena kalupata rods thamayi control rods kiyanne eken neutrons suck karanawa