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Message: <blockquote data-quote="saharaz" data-source="post: 3048553" data-attributes="member: 99166">BULLSHIT !!!!!! MUSLIMS ARE THE PIONEERS OF MODERN SCIENCE ...... YOU UNDERSTAND<img src="/styles/default/xenforo/smilies/default/angry.gif"  class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=":angry:" title="Angry    :angry:" data-shortname=":angry:" /> <img src="/styles/default/xenforo/smilies/default/angry.gif"  class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=":angry:" title="Angry    :angry:" data-shortname=":angry:" /> <img src="/styles/default/xenforo/smilies/default/angry.gif"  class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=":angry:" title="Angry    :angry:" data-shortname=":angry:" /> <img src="/styles/default/xenforo/smilies/default/angry.gif"  class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=":angry:" title="Angry    :angry:" data-shortname=":angry:" />  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosanna_Gorini&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank">Rosanna Gorini</a> writes: "According to the majority of the historians al-Haytham was the pioneer of the modern scientific method. With his book he changed the meaning of the term optics and established experiments as the norm of proof in the field. His investigations are based not on abstract theories, but on experimental evidences and his experiments were systematic and repeatable."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_science#cite_note-Gorini-30#cite_note-Gorini-30" target="_blank">[31]</a> Due to the development of the modern scientific method, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Briffault" target="_blank">Robert Briffault</a> wrote in The Making of Humanity: "What we call science arose as a result of new methods of experiment, observation, and measurement, which were introduced into Europe by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab" target="_blank">Arabs</a>. [...] Science is the most momentous contribution of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_world" target="_blank">Arab civilization</a> to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_world" target="_blank">modern world</a>, but its fruits were slow in ripening. [...] The debt of our science to that of the Arabs does not consist in startling discoveries or revolutionary theories; science owes a great deal more to Arab culture, it owes its existence....The ancient world was, as we saw, pre-scientific. [...] The Greeks systematized, generalized and theorized, but the patient ways of investigations, the accumulation of positive knowledge, the minute methods of science, detailed and prolonged observation and experimental inquiry were altogether alien to the Greek temperament."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_science#cite_note-Briffault-27#cite_note-Briffault-27" target="_blank">[28]</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Durant" target="_blank">Will Durant</a> wrote in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Story_of_Civilization" target="_blank">The Story of Civilization</a> IV: The Age of Faith: "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry" target="_blank">Chemistry</a> as a science was almost created by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" target="_blank">Moslems</a>; for in this field, where the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeks" target="_blank">Greeks</a> (so far as we know) were confined to industrial experience and vague <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis" target="_blank">hypothesis</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saracen" target="_blank">Saracens</a> introduced precise <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation" target="_blank">observation</a>, controlled <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment" target="_blank">experiment</a>, and careful records. They invented and named the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alembic" target="_blank">alembic</a> (al-anbiq), chemically analyzed innumerable <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance" target="_blank">substances</a>, composed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapidary" target="_blank">lapidaries</a>, distinguished <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" target="_blank">alkalis</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid" target="_blank">acids</a>, investigated their affinities, studied and manufactured hundreds of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug" target="_blank">drugs</a>. Alchemy, which the Moslems inherited from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" target="_blank">Egypt</a>, contributed to chemistry by a thousand incidental discoveries, and by its method, which was the most scientific of all medieval operations."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_inventions#cite_note-Durant-3#cite_note-Durant-3" target="_blank">[4]</a> J. J. O'Conner and E. F. Robertson wrote in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" target="_blank">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>: "Recent research paints a new picture of the debt that we owe to Islamic mathematics. Certainly many of the ideas which were previously thought to have been brilliant new conceptions due to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" target="_blank">European</a> mathematicians of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries are now known to have been developed by Arabic/Islamic mathematicians around four centuries earlier. In many respects, the mathematics studied today is far closer in style to that of Islamic mathematics than to that of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mathematics" target="_blank">Greek mathematics</a>."  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fielding_H._Garrison" target="_blank">Fielding H. Garrison</a> wrote in the History of Medicine: "The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saracen" target="_blank">Saracens</a> themselves were the originators not only of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra" target="_blank">algebra</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry" target="_blank">chemistry</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" target="_blank">geology</a>, but of many of the so-called improvements or refinements of civilization, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_light" target="_blank">street lamps</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window" target="_blank">window</a>-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paned_window" target="_blank">panes</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firework" target="_blank">firework</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_instrument" target="_blank">stringed instruments</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivation" target="_blank">cultivated</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit" target="_blank">fruits</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume" target="_blank">perfumes</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice" target="_blank">spices</a>, etc..."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_science#cite_note-Garrison-12#cite_note-Garrison-12" target="_blank">[13]</a> Muhammad Iqbal wrote inThe Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam: "Thus the experimental method, reason and observation introduced by the Arabs were responsible for the rapid advancement of science during the medieval times."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_science#cite_note-Iqbal-13#cite_note-Iqbal-13" target="_blank">[14]</a> R. Rashed wrote in The development of Arabic mathematics: between arithmetic and algebra: "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_M%C5%ABs%C4%81_al-Khw%C4%81rizm%C4%AB" target="_blank">Al-Khwarizmi</a>'s successors undertook a systematic application of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic" target="_blank">arithmetic</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra" target="_blank">algebra</a>, algebra to arithmetic, both to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometry" target="_blank">trigonometry</a>, algebra to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid" target="_blank">Euclidean</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_theory" target="_blank">theory of numbers</a>, algebra to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry" target="_blank">geometry</a>, and geometry to algebra. This was how the creation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_algebra" target="_blank">polynomial algebra</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinatorics" target="_blank">combinatorial analysis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysis" target="_blank">numerical analysis</a>, the numerical solution of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation" target="_blank">equations</a>, the new elementary theory of numbers, and the geometric construction of equations arose."</blockquote>

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