Science/Technology Article Collection of DC

dxxcxxxx

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In this Thread you will find the latest article of Science and Technology all around the world…:yes: :yes:

Please take time to comment, what you think about this new technology/science and how it helps to improve your daily activities.


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dxxcxxxx

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Introduction to Computer Viruses of All Time

Computer viruses can be a nightmare. Some can wipe out the information on a hard drive, tie up traffic on a computer network for hours, turn an innocent machine into a zombie and replicate and send themselves to other computers. If you've never had a machine fall victim to a computer virus, you may wonder what the fuss is about. But the concern is understandable -- according to Consumer Reports, computer viruses helped contribute to $8.5 billion in consumer losses in 2008. Computer viruses are just one kind of online threat, but they're arguably the best known of the bunch.



There's nothing quite like finding out your computer has a serious virus.

Computer viruses have been around for many years. In fact, in 1949, a scientist named John von Neumann theorized that a self-replicated program was possible. The computer industry wasn't even a decade old, and already someone had figured out how to throw a monkey wrench into the figurative gears. But it took a few decades before programmers known as hackers began to build computer viruses.

While some pranksters created virus-like programs for large computer systems, it was really the introduction of the personal computer that brought computer viruses to the public's attention. A doctoral student named Fred Cohen was the first to describe self-replicating programs designed to modify computers as viruses. The name has stuck ever since.

Old-school Viruses

Some of the earliest viruses to infect personal computers included the Apple Viruses, which attacked Apple II computers
and the Brain virus, which could infect PCs.


In the good old days (i.e., the early 1980s), viruses depended on humans to do the hard work of spreading the virus to other computers. A hacker would save the virus to disks and then distribute the disks to other people. It wasn't until modems became common that virus transmission became a real problem. Today when we think of a computer virus, we usually imagine something that transmits itself via the Internet. It might infect computers through e-mail messages or corrupted Web links. Programs like these can spread much faster than the earliest computer viruses.

We're going to take a look at 10 of the worst computer viruses to cripple a computer system. Let's start with the Melissa virus.
 
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dxxcxxxx

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Introduction to How Weather Works

When it comes to discussing the weather, most people can hold up their end of the conversation. After all, who doesn't have an anecdote about how a rainy day disrupted their plans? Weather is all around us, affecting every aspect of our lives. It's no wonder discussion of it fills our awkward pauses and doomed first dates.


weather-1.jpg





We experience weather every day, but to properly understand it, we must first remove ourselves from the picture and look at weather from a global viewpoint.


This view of the weather -- as something that happens around our lives -- is the first concept you have to abandon to gain a clear understanding of how Earth's atmosphere works. Forget that cloudy days make you sad or that you hate shoveling snow. Even put aside the idea of weather as something that happens to a city or region. The weather is simply the state of the atmosphere, the gaseous layer that serves as the outermost barrier between Earth and the rest of the universe.


While water covers 71 percent of Earths' surface, the atmosphere envelopes all of it. But this layer of gases doesn't just sit there, it's subject to influence from a host of terrestrial and extraterrestrial forces. Think of the atmosphere as a lucky man or woman who has just won the lottery. Suddenly, everyone seems to have a few suggestions on how he or she should spend his or her time and mo­ney. Uncle Joe says one thing, Aunt Clara another. Before you know it, everyone seems to have some sort of input into the winner's daily life.


For Earth's atmosphere, gravity, sunlight, oceans and topography all dictate certain cycles of air movement -- some very localized, others concerning vast portions of the planet. In addition, a number of these various cycles affect each other, spinning off new cycles and brewing clouds, precipitation and an unending torrent of storms. All of these various atmospheric responses are what we know a­s the weather.


With all of these various influences, Earth's atmosphere is quite an intricate system. No wonder it's so hard to predict the weather. In this article, we'll unravel that intricate system, starting from space with the big picture and moving steadily back down to the level you experience every day.