Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Find a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)[/FONT][/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
STDs are infections that can be spread by having sex with another person who is infected. Most STDs are curable. Some are not. If you have sex with someone who has an STD, you can get it too. Many people who have an STD don't know it. They may look healthy, but they still could have a STD. Some people won't tell you, even if they know. Look through the list below to find more information about a particular STD.

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]AIDS and HIV :- [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV, is a virus that attacks the immune system resulting in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, or AIDS.[/FONT]
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Chancroid :- [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A treatable bacterial infection that causes painful sores.

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Chlamydia :- [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A treatable bacterial infection that can scar the fallopian tubes affecting a woman's ability to have children.

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Crabs :- [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Also known as pediculosis pubis, crabs are parasites or bugs that live on the pubic hair in the genital area.

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Gonorrhea :- [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A treatable bacterial infection of the penis, vagina or anus that causes pain, or burning feeling as well as a pus-like discharge. Also known as "the clap".

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis :- [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A disease that affects the liver. There are more than four types. A and B are the most common.

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Herpes :- [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Genital herpes is a recurrent skin condition that can cause skin irritations in the genital region (anus, vagina, penis).

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Human Papillomavirus / Genital Warts :- [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that affects the skin in the genital area, as well as a female's cervix. Depending on the type of HPV involved, symptoms can be in the form of wart-like growths, or abnormal cell changes.

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) :- [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Nongonococcal urethritis (or NGU) is a treatable bacterial infection of the urethra (the tube within the penis) often times associated with chlamydia.

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Pelvic Inflammatory Disease :- [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]An infection of the female reproductive organs by chlamydia, gonorrhea or other bacteria. Also known as PID.

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Scabies :- [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Scabies is a treatable skin disease that is caused by a parasite.

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Syphilis :- [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A treatable bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body and affect the heart, brain, nerves. Also known as "syph".[/FONT]

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]HIV and AIDS - Overview[/FONT][/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]viral disease (treatable, but not curable) [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It causes the part of the body that defends against disease (the immune system) to not work right. There are usually no visible symptoms during the early years of infection so it is not possible to tell if your partner has HIV unless he or she has had an HIV blood test. Also, many people with HIV look healthy and can transmit HIV. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]HIV can lead to death about 10 years after being infected but there are now good treatments available. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]HIV is a preventable infection. The virus is spread by sex and by sharing drugs by needles and syringes. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]You can't get HIV/AIDS from casual contact. What that means is that you won't get AIDS from hugging someone, from an insect, from a restaurant worker, from swimming or from sharing a sandwich. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People you love get HIV/AIDS. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]HIV and AIDS: In-Depth
Of all the STDs, you've probably heard the most about HIV. The bottom line is that it's preventable, but not curable. Here are some of the questions that come up the most often. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Are HIV and AIDS the Same Thing?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that leads to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV damages cells in the immune (defense) system that fight off infections and diseases. As the virus gradually destroys these important cells, the immune system becomes less and less able to protect against illness. HIV doesn't destroy the cells quickly, and people infected with HIV may not have any signs or symptoms for many years. They will look perfectly healthy and feel perfectly healthy and may not even know they are infected unless they have an HIV antibody test. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection. HIV gradually destroys the part of your body that protects you against disease and infection. Once that defense system is weakened, your body is vulnerable to specific kinds of infection, such as a specific type of pneumonia, certain cancers and eye infections. Without the defense system, your body can't fight off those infections, and often these infections will kill you. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How Do People Get Infected with HIV?
HIV is transmitted, or passed, from an infected person through blood, seminal fluid (pre-cum), semen (cum) and vaginal fluids. When someone else's body fluids get inside your body, like having unprotected sex, sharing injecting drug needles and being exposed accidentally to blood or body fluids (like in a hospital work environment), that is the way people become infected with HIV. Also, an HIV-infected mother can pass along the infection to her baby through pregnancy, childbirth or through breast-feeding. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How Risky Is It?
Unprotected sex, or penetrative sex without a latex condom, is the main way a person gets HIV from another person. The sex can be vaginal, anal or oral. Using latex condoms helps keep your partner's blood, seminal fluid (pre-cum), semen (cum) or vaginal fluids--which are the main body fluids that contain HIV--from getting inside your body. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Even with oral sex, there should be some type of plastic or latex cover or barrier between you and your partner to keep you from his or her body fluids. Some people worry about getting HIV through kissing. Dry kissing, or just kissing on the lips with your mouth closed, is not risky. Open mouth kissing (wet kissing or French kissing) is not very risky. In fact, the only way it would be possible to get HIV is if you come into contact with blood if the person you're kissing has sores in her or his mouth or has bleeding gums. There are no documented cases of anyone getting infected with HIV through French kissing.[/FONT]
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[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Some people still believe that HIV is a problem only if you're gay. This is not true. HIV is a virus that can infect ANYONE if they have unprotected sex with an infected person. Many people are infected with HIV, mainly through unprotected sex or sharing injecting drugs with an infected partner. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What About Shooting Drugs?
Another way HIV is transmitted, or passed from an infected person to another person, is by sharing injecting drug needles or kits, works, cookers, cotton, or any other drug paraphernalia that comes into contact with blood. Sometimes people share and pass needles around as part of the drug experience, but it's an easy way to get infected. How? Blood often will come into the syringe through the needle after people stick their vein or pop their skin and inject the drug. When you share the needle and works an d they haven't been cleaned, the blood left in them will be injected into you when you shoot up. This is how people get infected. And this doesn't have to be shooting up drugs like heroin, cocaine, speed or speedballs. It could be sharing needles and work s for shooting up steroids that are sometimes used by athletes and body builders to increase their muscle mass. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If you are shooting drugs and sharing works, even if you try this only once in a while, there is a big of risk for HIV and other viral or blood-borne infections, like hepatitis B or C. (Hepatitis is a serious virus that affects your liver. The most common forms of the virus are hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Hepatitis B or C can be transmitted through sexual contact or through drug use.) If you need help to stop taking drugs, call the National Drug and Alcohol Hotline for help. The number is (800) 662-4357. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]There is no cure for HIV. If you are not ready to stop, don't share. If you must share, know how to clean your works.[/FONT]
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Cleaning your works: Making needles safe from HIV and other STDs.
[/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] The safest way to prevent transmission of hepatitis and HIV is not to use them or share them at all. But if you are going to share needles to inject drugs, you need to know how to sterilize needles between uses. Sterilizing a needle will kill any cells or viruses on the needle, making it safe to put into your body. You can sterilize needles and works with household bleach (such as Clorox). [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] To sterilize needles and works: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Get two cups or containers and fill them with water. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Fill the syringe with water from one container, wait 30 seconds, and discard (throw out) that container. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Next, empty the syringe and fill the it with bleach. Wait another 30 seconds before rinsing it out. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Refill the syringe with bleach another two times, waiting at least 30 seconds before rinsing it out. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Using the second container, fill the syringe with water several times and rinse it. This will get rid of the bleach, which can be harmful to your body. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Tattoos and Body Piercing: What's the Truth?
Some people worry about getting HIV through body piercing or tattooing. Tattoo parlors are happy to explain what precautions they take to make sure they do not spread any diseases carried in blood, like HIV or hepatitis B or C. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that instruments that are intended to penetrate the skin, like tattooing or piercing needles, be used once, then thrown away, or thoroughly cleaned and sterilized. Some people have friends who do tattooing with pins, needles, writing pens, even knives for homemade tattoos and marks. This is not a good idea because the instruments may not be clean and sterilized. They could pass HIV or hepatitis B or C to you without you ever finding out. If you are thinking about getting a tattoo or a piercing, choose a reputable parlor or shop and let them do it safely and cleanly. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What About Playing Sports?
If you are playing sports and someone gets hurt and begins bleeding, the game or activity should stop until the injured player is removed from the playing area. In organized sports, the player is not allowed to resume playing until the bleeding is stopped and the wound has been securely covered with a bandage. If there is blood on the playing surface, like a basketball court or wrestling mat, the team trainer will put on latex gloves and clean the area with a disinfectant. If the player gets blood on his or her uniform, the part with the blood must be changed before the player can re-enter the game. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Since it is not known who is infected with HIV and who isn't, these safety guidelines are followed to keep everyone from contact with the injured player's blood. There are no documented cases of HIV infection happening this way. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Can HIV-infected Mothers Infect Their Unborn Babies?
An infected woman can transmit HIV to her unborn baby, but she also can cut the chance of this happening by taking special medicines while she is pregnant. But an infected mother should not breast-feed her baby because HIV can be passed through breast milk, and the infant could become infected. Women now are offered HIV tests when they go to the doctor or clinic for pregnancy tests in case they are infected and do not know it. By knowing if they are infected with HIV, moms-to-be can make the best health choices for themselves and their unborn children. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What About People Working in the Health Field?
Hospital and emergency workers, laboratory technicians or anyone working with blood or body fluids can be at risk of infection through accidental exposure. Have you been to the dentist lately and had your teeth cleaned? Chances are the dentist or dental hygienist wore gloves on his or her hands and a visor over his or her eyes to protect them from blood spatters. This also helped protect you from coming into contact with blood if the dentist or dental hygienist had a cut or sore on his or her hand. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]There are certain rules people in the health field follow to help protect themselves and their patients from accidental exposure. These are called universal precautions. Universal precautions are a way to control infection by pretending everyone's blood has HIV or hepatitis B. Universal precautions include: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Wearing gloves [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Cleaning surfaces that have blood on them with a mixture of bleach and water [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Not recapping needles [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Disposing of needles in a sharps container [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Wearing goggles [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Always sterilizing equipment [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What About the Donated Blood Supply?
Before March 1985, there was no reliable test that could screen or test the blood supply of donated blood, and many people became infected through blood transfusions and the use of blood products like those used by hemophiliacs. But the blood supply in the United States now is screened and all suspicious blood is destroyed, so people can get blood transfusions and not worry. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Some people worry about getting infected by donating blood, but there has never been any risk of infection by donating. When you donate blood, a sterile disposable needle is used to collect your blood, and then the needle is destroyed. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How Is HIV NOT Transmitted?
HIV is not transmitted or passed through insect or mosquito bites, or pets. The H in HIV stands for "human," and this virus is passed through an infected human's body fluids--blood, seminal fluid (pre-cum), semen (cum), breast milk or vaginal fluids--to another human. HIV is not passed through sharing food or drinking after someone that's infected. You can hug, kiss and touch someone with HIV and not worry about getting infected. You can swim in public swimming pools and not be concerned about being accidentally infected, or use a public bathroom or telephone, or share a towel with someone. Those are not ways HIV is transmitted. HIV is a fragile virus that does not live long outside the body. HIV is not spread through the air or food. [/FONT]



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[mbj]

thnks for da info.
In Hepataitis the C is the dangerous. it turns blood into a very sticky form lyk thng thrs no cure for it.

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How Do You Know If You Have HIV?
Well, you can't tell just by looking, and you can't rely on symptoms. The only way to know for sure is by testing for it. There are special tests used to tell if the HIV antibody is in your blood or saliva. While the HIV test can pick up on antibodies (the special cells in your immune system that indicate you've been infected with HIV) in salvia, you cannot get HIV by kissing someone. The virus is not strong enough in salvia to infect another person. HIV is transmitted, or passed, from an infected person through blood, seminal fluid (pre-cum), semen (cum) and vaginal fluids only. Many places offer an HIV test, like public health departments, hospitals, Planned Parenthoods, community health clinics, doctors' offices, and even student health centers on some college campuses. If you are thinking about getting an HIV test, choose a test site that offers pre- and post-test counseling. This is important because there is a lot of information to talk about before you take an HIV test. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Test counselors are specially trained people who talk with you about why you may think you are at risk of having HIV, and they will explain the testing procedure to you before you take the test. When its time to get your test results, they will talk with you some more about the results. If it's a negative test result, counselors will tell you what you can do to stay HIV negative. They may talk about other STDs and will explain how to practice safer sex, or answer any questions you may have. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]When Should You Take an HIV Test?
For the most accurate results, take the test six months after the last time you were at risk of being infected. This would mean six months after the last time you had unprotected sex, shared an injecting drug needle, or got another persons blood, seminal fluid (pre-cum), semen (cum) or vaginal fluids inside your body. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Why Should I Wait Six Months?
It does seem like a long time, but most people will develop antibodies, or the special cells in your immune system that indicate you've been infected with HIV, within six months after becoming infected. And what the HIV antibody test looks for is a sign that your body is producing those special antibodies. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Some people may develop them sooner than that, but to be sure, wait six months to get tested. In the meantime, if you are having sex, make sure to use latex condoms from start to finish every time you have sex, and do not share any drug needles. Remember: One negative test result doesn't mean you will always be safe or protected. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What Happens If Your Test Result Is Positive?
A positive test result means HIV is present in your body. And the good news is that there are many effective medicines now available that can help you stay healthy for a long, long time. But, you must take care of your health, and learn as much about HIV and staying healthy as you can.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]There is no cure for HIV, nor is there a vaccine to keep you from getting HIV. And, even though treatments and medicines are far better than they were 15 years ago, AIDS is still a fatal disease. This means most people with HIV who develop AIDS will most likely die from it. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How Do You Prevent HIV From Infecting You?
Since there is no cure, the best things to do is prevent it from being transmitted, or passed, to you are to: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] not have sex (be abstinent) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] not shoot drugs [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] not share injecting drug needles [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] talk with your partner or partners about why it is important to use latex condoms during sex [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] use latex condoms the right way every time you have sex [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] limit your number of sex partners [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] learn to clean your works the right way if you shoot drugs [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] get tested if you've had unprotected sex, then use latex condoms for all sex after that [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] If you are not having sex with someone else and are not shooting drugs, then you're probably safe. The important thing to remember is that as long as you keep someone else's blood, seminal fluid (pre-cum), semen (cum) and vaginal fluids from getting inside your body, you are safe. You know you are protected. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] If you are sexually active, use latex condoms every time you have sex, and use them the right way from start to finish. Remember that HIV is passed through the body fluids of blood, seminal fluid (pre-cum), semen (cum) and vaginal fluids, and unprotected sex makes it very likely that you will get one of these fluids inside your body. Other types of birth control, like the birth control pill or spermicides alone, will not protect you against HIV. And latex condoms can break if they are not used the right way. They will also break if you use oil, lotion or petroleum jelly as a lubricant. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Using latex condoms every time you have sex also reduces the risk of getting other STDs besides HIV. This is important because STD infection sometimes causes irritation of the skin, and breaks or sores may make it easier for HIV to enter the body during sexual contact. Using latex condoms helps prevent your partner's body fluids from getting inside your body, and that reduces your risk. Limit the number of sex partners you have since your risk of getting infected goes up with a greater number of partners. Remember to use latex condoms to help reduce your risk of getting an STD or HIV. If you've been having unprotected sex, think about getting tested for all STDs and HIV. Start using latex condoms the right way every time you have sex to help reduce the risk of getting an STD or HIV.[/FONT]

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Chancroid[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Bacterial Disease
(curable with medication)[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Chancroid (pronounced SHANG-chroid), also called soft chancre, is a bacterial disease that causes genital ulcers. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Sexual transmission of chancroid occurs through skin-to-skin contact with open sore(s). [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Symptoms of chancroid are one or more genital ulcers and painful lymph glands in the groin. The ulcer begins as a tender bump that becomes a pus-filled, open sore. It is soft (unlike a syphilis chancre that is hard or rubbery to touch). [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] For women, the sore is usually not painful, and may not be noticed; but in men, the ulcer can be very painful. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Chancroid can be treated with antibiotics. Successful treatment cures the infection, symptoms go away and it's no longer contagious (able to be spread to another person). It is important to take all the antibiotics from start to finish. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] If you do get chancroid, avoid touching the infected area to prevent the chance of autoinoculation (re-infecting yourself somewhere else on your body). [/FONT]

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Chlamydia[/FONT][/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Bacterial Diseases
(curable with medication)[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Chlamydia (pronounced kluh-MID-ee-uh) is a very common STD caused by bacteria. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] It is estimated that there are 3 million new chlamydia infections in the United States each year. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Bacteria transmitted during sex cause chlamydia. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Many women have no symptoms or very mild symptoms. If symptoms do appear, they can include vaginal discharge, pain during urination (peeing), pain during sex, pain in the lower abdomen and bleeding between menstrual periods. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Men often have a discharge from the urethra, the opening in the penis. It may also burn or hurt to urinate (pee). Symptoms can vary from person to person -- from being mild to severe. Men also may not have symptoms. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] If a mother is infected, she can pass chlamydia on to her baby during delivery. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Antibiotics can easily cure chlamydia if is treated early. If it is left untreated, in a woman, chlamydia (like gonorrhea) can grow into a more serious illness called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and can keep her from being able to have children in the future. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] The infection can spread up to the fallopian tubes and cause lasting pain. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] It can scar the tubes so a woman can never get pregnant. It can also lead to a pregnancy in the tubes, where a baby cannot grow. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Tell any sex partners right away if you find out you have chlamydia. They should also be treated -- even if they have no symptoms. If they are not treated, they may give chlamydia back to you or to someone else. [/FONT]

 

[Aragorn]

thnx 4 da info....

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Crabs (Pubic Lice)[/FONT][/FONT]

(curable with medication)

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Crabs are tiny little blood-sucking bugs (lice) that live in pubic hair and cause a lot of itching. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Crabs are usually transmitted through skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. These little bugs can literally jump from the pubic hair of one person to that of another during sex. They can also be transmitted through sleeping in infested bedding, wearing infested clothing, and possibly from contact with an infested toilet seat. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Usually, crabs will be found in the pubic area, but lice can also infest armpits, eyelashes, beards, mustaches and even head hair. The main symptom is intense itching. The itching usually comes from an allergic reaction to lice bites. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Crabs can be treated by putting a liquid medicine directly on your pubic hair. You can get a prescription from your doctor. You can buy over-the-counter treatments as well. After treatment, a fine-toothed comb can be used to remove the crabs and their eggs. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Make sure you wash and dry your clothes, bedding, towels, etc. with hot water to kill crabs and their eggs. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Notify any sex partners immediately so they can be treated. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Crabs can still be transmitted even if you use a latex condom to help prevent other STDs. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Crabs have three stages of life: egg, nit and louse (singular of lice). The nits hatch within five to 10 days after they are laid.[/FONT]

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Gonorrhea[/FONT][/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Bacterial Diseases[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]
(curable with medication) [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Gonorrhea (pronounced gon-uh-REE-uh) is nicknamed "the clap" or "the drip." [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Bacteria transmitted during sex cause gonorrhea. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Women often have no symptoms at all or very mild ones. If symptoms appear, they may include burning during urination (peeing) and/or a vaginal discharge. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Men may have a yellow discharge from the urethra, opening in the penis. It may also burn or hurt to urinate (pee). Symptoms vary from person to person -- from being mild to severe. Men also may not have any symptoms. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] A gonorrhea infection during pregnancy can cause problems such as stillbirth or blindness for the baby. If a mother is infected, she can pass gonorrhea on to her baby during delivery. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Antibiotics or penicillin can easily cure gonorrhea if treated early. If it is left untreated in women, gonorrhea (like chlamydia) can progress into a more serious illness called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and can keep women from being able to have children in the future. If it is left untreated in men, it can make them sterile (unable to have children). [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Tell any sex partners right away if you find out you have gonorrhea. They should also be treated -- even if they have no symptoms. [/FONT]

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[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis Quick Facts:[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Take Our Hep Quiz (Answer Sheet included) PDF [/FONT]​

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis is a serious virus (versus bacteria) that can attack the liver. The liver is your body’s engine…without it you could die.
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• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The most common forms of the virus are hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Hepatitis D and E are less common. Each virus is unique.
  
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• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis A is spread primarily through sexual or household contact with a person infected with hepatitis A. It is also spread through poor sanitation (cleanliness) like forgetting to wash hands after going to the bathroom or changing a baby's diaper. The hepatitis A virus is passed through the feces (poop) of an infected person - for example, by oral to anal contact (rimming) or handling a condom after anal sex.
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis A can be transmitted through contact with blood, for example by sharing needles or other injecting equipment, but ransmission by blood is less common because the presence of virus in the blood occurs early in the infection and is not thought to be present long.
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis B is spread most often through sexual contact and sharing injection drug needles or other equipment used to shoot up drugs such as works, cotton, cookers, etc. The hepatitis B virus lives in body fluids such as blood, semen (cum) and vaginal secretions [wetness].
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis C is spread primarily through drug use but may also be spread sexually in rare cases. The hepatitis C virus is generally found in the blood of an infected person.
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Four million Americans are infected with hepatitis C; in comparison, it is estimated that slightly over 1 million Americans are infected with HIV.
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Symptoms of hepatitis include yellow eyes and skin, abdominal (stomach) pain or swelling, muscle weakness, joint pain, rashes or arthritis, nausea or vomiting, dark urine, loss of appetite, fever, and fatigue (exhaustion).
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sometimes there are no visible symptoms, but there are tests that your health care provider can do to find out whether you have one of the hepatitis viruses.
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]While there is no guaranteed cure for hepatitis, there are treatments for hepatitis B and C which might help.
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]There are vaccines available to prevent being infected with hepatitis A and hepatitis B. The vaccines are safe, and you can get them from a doctor.
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]There is no vaccine for hepatitis C.
  [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis Overview:[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis [HEP - uh - TIGHT - us] is the name for a group of viruses that affect the liver. There are five major types of viral hepatitis:[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis A (HAV)[/FONT]​

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis B (HBV) [/FONT]​

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis C (HCV)[/FONT]​

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis D (HDV)[/FONT]​

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis E (HEV)[/FONT]​

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) are the most common types of viral hepatitis found in the United States. Hepatitis D (HDV) and hepatitis E (HEV) are less common. Each virus is unique but one of the things these viruses have in common is that each one can attack the liver. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How does someone get hepatitis?

The hepatitis A virus can enter a person's body when he or she eats or drinks something contaminated (infected) with the stool (poop) of someone who has the disease or by sharing drug needles or drug equipment with someone who has hepatitis A. Symptoms (when present) usually appear suddenly, but there are no chronic (long lasting) problems such as those hepatitis B and C can cause. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The hepatitis B virus can infect a person if his or her mucous membranes (soft skin lining found in all the natural openings in the body, like inside the mouth) or blood are exposed to an infected person's blood, saliva, semen (cum), or vaginal secretions (wetness).

The hepatitis C virus is spread through contact with infected blood, for example, if you share a toothbrush or razor of someone with hepatitis C, inject drugs and share needles, or if you have rough sex that involves bleeding.

IF symptoms appear for hepatitis B or C, they will appear more gradually than they do with hepatitis A. Unlike hepatitis A, the hepatitis B and C viruses can stay in the body--sometimes for a lifetime--and may eventually cause chronic (long lasting), serious liver diseases.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What are the symptoms of hepatitis?

When hepatitis damages the liver’s cells, scar tissue is formed and those cells can no longer function. With fewer healthy liver cells, the body begins to show symptoms ranging from mild (such as fatigue) to severe (such as mental confusion). [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What are the complications of hepatitis?

Although many cases of hepatitis are not a serious threat to health, the disease can lead to liver cancer, liver failure and death. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Is hepatitis sexually transmitted?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sexual activity poses a different level of risk for each type of viral hepatitis; it is most closely associated with hepatitis B, but hepatitis A and hepatitis C can be transmitted through sexual activity. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Is there a way to prevent infection with hepatitis?

Hepatitis A and B are preventable through vaccination, though no vaccination currently exists for hepatitis C or E. Since hepatitis D only infects persons with hepatitis B, the vaccine for hepatitis B also prevents hepatitis D. [/FONT]

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Information to Live By: Hepatitis A

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What is hepatitis A (HAV)?

Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus.

How common is hepatitis A?

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it is estimated there are between 125,000 and 200,000 total infections per year in the United States. It is estimated that 84,000 to 134,000 of these persons will show symptoms (signs) of HAV. Each year, approximately 100 people will die because of hepatitis A.

How can I get hepatitis A?

Hepatitis A is transmitted (passed) primarily through oral contact with feces (poop). This could include contaminated (infected) food or water sources and sexual contact, especially oral-anal (mouth on anus) sex.

Hepatitis A can easily spread among young children in day care settings because many are in diapers and cannot wash their own hands. No one may know they have the disease since children normally do not show symptoms.

Hepatitis A has, on rare occasions, been passed through blood transfusion, blood products or sharing needles or other injecting equipment contaminated with HAV-infected blood. Transmission by blood is rare.

What are the signs or symptoms of hepatitis A?

Most adults infected with hepatitis A usually do show some symptoms. Symptoms may develop 15-50 days after exposure; the average is 28 days. These may include: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Low-grade fever [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Malaise (feeling of ill-health) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Fatigue (feeling tired all the time) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Anorexia (loss of appetite) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Nausea (feeling like vomiting)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Abdominal discomfort (stomach pain)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Dark-colored urine [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Children under 6 years of age rarely develop symptoms. Some may experience diarrhea.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How can I find out if I have hepatitis A? [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]There are currently three blood tests available to detect hepatitis A. Hepatitis A can be detected (found) for up to six months from the time when symptoms first appear. After that time, the antibodies that the blood tests look for usually disappear.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Talk to your health care provider for more information about hepatitis A testing.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What can I do to reduce my risk of getting hepatitis A? [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]There are several steps someone could take to reduce the risk of getting hepatitis A.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]VACCINATION: Hepatitis A is preventable by vaccination. The hepatitis A vaccine is made from inactive hepatitis A virus particles. There are generally no side effects, except for soreness where the shot was given (ie: on the arm). Less than 10% of those who are vaccinated get tired and nauseous. The vaccine is given in two doses, at least six months apart. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]It is recommended that the following people be vaccinated against hepatitis A:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Children between 1 and 2 years of age in the U.S. (NEW recommendation as of October 2005) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People who are traveling or working in countries with high rates of the disease (high numbers of people who get the disease)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People who live in communities that have long, drawn-out hepatitis A outbreaks or in communities that have high rates of hepatitis A[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Men who have sex with men[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People who use street (illegal) drugs [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People with chronic (long lasting) liver disease [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People who receive clotting factor concentrates (whose blood does not clot the way it’s supposed to)[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] As of October 2005, the CDC recommends that the hepatitis A vaccine become a routine childhood vaccine for U.S. children between 1 and 2 years of age in all states. (Previously the vaccine was only recommended for children in the 17 states with the highest rates of disease; however, about two-thirds of cases are now reported from states in which hepatitis A vaccination of children was not recommended.)

A combination vaccine called TwinrixÒ is available that protects against both hepatitis A and hepatitis B in persons 18 and older. It reduces the total number of injections (shots) for both vaccines from five to three.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Always check with your health care provider for information about the hepatitis A vaccine.

IMMUNE GLOBULIN (IG) AFTER EXPOSURE TO HAV: People who have come in contact with hepatitis A should talk with their health care provider about a kind of shot called post-exposure immune globulin (IG). Immune globulins (IG) are sterile (germ-free) solutions of antibodies made from human plasma (blood). [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A dose of IG, if given within 14 days after contact with the virus, can prevent sickness from occurring. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]SEXUAL PREVENTION: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Abstinence (not having sex)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Mutual monogamy (two uninfected partners having sex with only each other) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Cut-up, non-lubricated latex condoms and other moisture barriers, such as household plastic wrap or dental dams (square pieces of latex) can reduce the risk of transmitting (passing) hepatitis A during oral-anal sex. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]NON-SEXUAL PREVENTION: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Avoid contaminated (infected) food or water sources [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Avoid sharing drug needles and other drug-injection equipment. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Practicing good personal hygiene, especially hand-washing after using the toilet or changing diapers [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]To kill hepatitis A, heat foods at temperatures above 185 degrees Fahrenheit for 1 minute or disinfect surfaces with household bleach mixed with tap water (1 part bleach for 100 parts of water) [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What is the treatment for hepatitis A?

There is no cure for hepatitis A. Most people with severe infection will experience short-term illness and then recover completely. They are often told to rest for one to four weeks and to avoid intimate contact with others. Some doctors recommend a high-protein, low-fat diet during recovery and avoidance of alcohol, sedatives, or strong painkillers, such as narcotics. Once recovered, an individual is immune (protected) and will not get hepatitis A again.

Why worry about hepatitis A?

Fortunately, complications from hepatitis A are rare. It is not known to cause chronic (long lasting) infections. However, it can make some people very sick, and it is easily preventable.

Do I need to talk to my partner about hepatitis A?

If you have tested positive for hepatitis A, you may want to talk to your sex partner(s). Remember, hepatitis A can be passed through oral-anal (mouth on anus) sex. Deciding to use latex condoms and moisture barriers (dental dams) during sex helps reduce the risk of transmitting a sexually transmitted disease. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Should I talk to my health care provider about hepatitis A? Hepatitis A can be prevented with a vaccine (shot). It is recommended that you talk to your health care provider about whether you should be vaccinated.[/FONT]




[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]

 

[gayandinusha]

wo!

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Information to Live By: Hepatitis B

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What is hepatitis B (HBV)?

Hepatitis B is a virus that causes inflammation or swelling of the liver. While most people recover, chronic or long lasting hepatitis B can cause liver damage, which can lead to cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) and liver cancer. Up to 5,000 people die each year in the United States from hepatitis B.

How common is hepatitis B?

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is estimated that 1.25 million people in the United States have chronic (long lasting) hepatitis B. There were (estimated) 73,000 new infections in the United States in 2003.

How can I get hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is spread through direct contact with blood, semen (cum), or vaginal secretions (wetness). [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis B can be spread through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex. In adolescents and adults, this is how the disease is most often spread.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis B can also be transmitted (passed) by injecting drug users who share needles or other injecting equipment (pots, cookers, cottons, water, spoons, etc) that has been contaminated (infected) with hepatitis B infected blood. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Mothers who have hepatitis B can pass it on to their babies during birth. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Although rare, hepatitis B can be spread in the following ways.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Saliva can be a means of transmission through bites (since bites normally involve blood or an open wound). However, this is not the case with other exposures to saliva, such as kissing. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The risk of transmission from blood transfusion is currently low in the U.S. since blood banks test all donated blood. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Although un-sterilized (unclean) tattoo, body piercing, and acupuncture needles may transmit hepatitis B, it is rare.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis B is found in transmittable (contagious) levels in body fluids including:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Semen (cum)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Vaginal secretions (wetness)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Saliva [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Blood [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis B has also been found in low amounts in other body fluids (see below), but these fluids have NOT been associated with transmission:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Tears [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Dark-colored urine (pee)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Feces (poop)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Breast milk [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Cerebral (brain) and spinal (backbone) fluids[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]HBV is not spread through food or water or by casual contact.

What are the signs or symptoms of hepatitis B?

Many adults have few or no symptoms. Symptoms may mimic the flu and can include: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Malaise (feeling of ill-health) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Fatigue (feeling tired all the time) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Anorexia (loss of appetite) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Nausea (feeling like vomiting)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Abdominal discomfort (stomach pain)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Dark-colored urine [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Rash or arthritis[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A few patients (1%) have a more severe illness and may experience sudden and severe liver failure within a short period of time after infection. These people may suddenly collapse with fatigue, have jaundice (yellow skin and eyes), and develop swelling in their abdomen (stomach). This can be deadly if not treated immediately.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How can I find out if I have hepatitis B? [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Your health care provider can tell you by using a blood test. Special blood tests can determine whether a person has acute (short term) or chronic (long term) hepatitis.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis B is not usually included in the routine blood tests that a doctor orders, so patients may have to ask their health care provider (doctor) for the test.

There are three standard blood tests for hepatitis B: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]One test checks to see if you are currently contagious.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Another test can tell if you have had the disease before or if you’ve been vaccinated and are now immune to the hepatitis B virus. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A third test can tell if the infection is long-lasting (chronic) or short-term (acute) hepatitis B infection. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]In some cases, a health care provider will run all 3 tests.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis B usually takes between 3 weeks and 2 months to show up in the blood; so it may take up to 2 months for a test to be accurate. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If chronic (long lasting) hepatitis B is suspected, other tests may be ordered. These tests can help to decide treatment options and could include:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Ultrasound -- detects signs of liver damage and liver cancer[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Liver Biopsy – detects signs of liver damage and cancer[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Liver Function Tests -- indicates damage to liver cells.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]E-Antigen Test -- detects e-antigen, a protein made by hepatitis B-infected cells; monitors the effectiveness of some hepatitis B therapies. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Some people who get the hepatitis B vaccine may benefit from testing to make sure the vaccine is working. (The test should be performed within 2 months after the last shot.) These individuals include:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A person whose sex partner has chronic (long lasting) hepatitis B[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A person whose immune system is compromised (i.e. someone living with HIV or AIDS)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A person whose job exposes him or her to human blood[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A child who is born to a mother with hepatitis B[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What can I do to reduce my risk of getting hepatitis B?

VACCINATION BEFORE EXPOSURE TO HEPATITIS B: Hepatitis B is preventable through a vaccine. Since the hepatitis D virus can only co-exist (survive) with the hepatitis B virus, getting vaccinated against hepatitis B also protects you against hepatitis D.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The hepatitis B vaccine is given in a series of three doses (shots). [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The first and second shots must be given at least one month apart. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The first and third shots must be given at least four months apart. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If a shot is missed, it should be given as soon as possible. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The series should not be restarted if a shot is missed. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]HIV can impair (weaken) the body’s response to the hepatitis vaccine. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A combination vaccine called TwinrixÒ is available that protects against both hepatitis A and B in persons 18 and older. It reduces the total number of injections (shots) for both vaccines from five to three.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for everyone 18 years of age and younger and for adults over 18 who are at risk of infection. (However, anyone can be vaccinated.) Those at high risk include the following:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Health care professionals [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Clients/staff of institutions for the developmentally disabled [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sexually active men who have sex with men[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People who live with or have sex with chronic hepatitis B carriers [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Travelers to and immigrants from countries with high rates of hepatitis B (high numbers of people who get hepatitis B) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sexually active heterosexual men and women, including: [/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]those who have been diagnosed with another sexually transmitted disease (STD)[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]those who have had more than one sex partner in the past six months [/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]those who have received treatment in an STD clinic [/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]those who are sex workers or prostitutes [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Injecting and non-injecting drug users [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hemodialysis (kidney disease) patients [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Recipients of certain blood products (like hemophiliacs) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Prisoners in long-term correctional facilities.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]IMMUNE GLOBULIN (IG) AFTER EXPOSURE TO HEPATITIS B: If a person comes in contact with hepatitis B and has NOT been vaccinated, they can receive a kind of shot called post-exposure immune globulin (HBIG) and the hepatitis B vaccine to prevent getting sick.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]For unvaccinated people who have come in contact with the hepatitis B virus, a dose of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) may prevent illness. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The hepatitis B vaccine given with HBIG is also recommended. (Getting the hepatitis B vaccine along with the hepatitis B immune globulin works better than the HBIG alone.) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Both shots (hepatitis B plus HBIG) should be given within 7 days of coming in contact with the hepatitis B virus. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Since 1985, all plasma (blood) units used to make immune globulin have been screened (tested) for HIV. [/FONT]

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]SEXUAL PREVENTION:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Abstinence (choosing to not have sex) and mutual monogamy (sex between two uninfected partners who don’t have sex with anyone else) provides a high level of protection. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Latex condoms provide effective protection during vaginal and anal sex. Condoms reduce contact with infected bodily fluids (i.e. semen (cum), vaginal secretions (wetness) and blood). [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A non-lubricated latex condom can be used for mouth-to-penis contact. Household plastic wrap, dental dams or a latex condom cut lengthwise and opened flat can reduce the risk of transmission during mouth-to-vagina or mouth-to-anus (butt hole) contact. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]NON-SEXUAL PREVENTION: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Avoid contact with infected blood or other body fluids. Do not share objects such as needles, razors, toothbrushes, etc. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Clean surfaces that have been contaminated (infected) with blood or other body fluids with a mixture of 1 part household bleach and 10 parts tap water. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Cover cuts, sores, and rashes with bandages. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What is the treatment for hepatitis B?

Treatment for hepatitis B varies depending on whether the infection is acute (short term) or chronic (long term).

Acute (newly acquired): [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]No specific treatment is available for acute HBV infection.
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Most patients with acute viral hepatitis experience a self-limited illness (one that runs a defined, limited course), and go on to recover completely.
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]There is no accepted therapy and no restrictions on diet or activity.
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]In most cases, hospitalization should be avoided, to prevent spread of the virus to other patients. It should, however, be considered for patients who are severely ill.
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Your health care provider can recommend the best options based on your individual needs for care. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]

Chronic (persistent): [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Interferon is used to help stop the replication of HBV. It is called an antiviral agent. Interferon has been 40 percent effective in eliminating chronic HBV infection. Persons who became infected during adulthood were most likely to respond to this treatment. Long-term follow up of treated patients suggests that remission of chronic HBV from treatments with interferon is of long duration. Talk to your health care provider about the use of Interferon.
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Lamivudine (Epivir) is now available to treat chronic HBV. It is the first medication specifically formulated to do so. Talk to your health care provider for more information about lamivudine and to learn if it is right for you.
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera™), is the first nucleotide analog approved to treat chronic HBV. Adefovir dipivoxil slows the progression of chronic HBV by interfering with the virus' replication process within the body. Results show that adefovir dipivoxil can significantly reduce liver inflammation and scarring. It has been shown to work in people who have resistance to the drug lamivudine. Consult your health care provider for more information about adefovir dipivoxil and to learn it is right for you.
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Entecavir (Baraclude™) slows the progression of chronic hepatitis B by interfering with viral reproduction. In clinical studies, patients treated with entecavir showed significant improvement in the liver inflammation caused by HBV and an improvement in the degree of liver fibrosis (scarring). It is important to stay under your doctor's care while taking entecavir. Baraclude™ was approved by the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2005. Talk to your doctor to learn more about this treatment.
  
  [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Peginterferon (Pegasys®) is the first and only pegylated interferon approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, including both variations of the virus. Peginterferon has a dual mode of action; it slows replication of the hepatitis B virus and boosts the immune system. Pegasys® was approved by the FDA to treat chronic hepatitis B in May 2005. Talk to your doctor to learn more about peginterferon. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Why worry about hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B can cause:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Chronic (long lasting) infection [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Liver cancer [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Death [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The good news is that hepatitis B is preventable through vaccination (shots). A person can choose to be vaccinated and no longer have to worry about being infected with HBV.

Do I need to talk to my partner (boyfriend or girlfriend) about hepatitis B?

Yes. If you have hepatitis B, you should discuss it with your partner so that he or she can learn how to protect his or herself from becoming infected.

Do I need to talk to my health care provider about hepatitis B?
Yes. Since hepatitis B is a preventable disease through vaccination, it is a good idea to talk to your health care provider about whether the vaccine is right for you.

If you find out you have been exposed to hepatitis B, talk to your health care provider as soon as possible to discuss the best options to help prevent infection.[/FONT]

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Information to Live By: Hepatitis C

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What is hepatitis C (HCV)?

Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is sometimes called non-A and non-B hepatitis. Hepatitis C is the most common chronic (long lasting) blood borne infection in the United States.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]15%-25% of people infected with hepatitis C have acute (short-term) hepatitis which means they are able to clear the virus from their blood within 6 months from the time of infection. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]However, 75%-85% infected with hepatitis C are not able to get rid of the virus within 6 months and therefore have chronic (long-term) hepatitis C. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Though 70% of chronically infected people will get liver disease, less than 3% will die from liver disease. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis C is the leading cause for liver transplants.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How common is hepatitis C?

It is estimated that around 4 million Americans have been infected with hepatitis C. Some 2.7 million, of those 4 million, have long term infections. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) each year there are (estimated) 30,000 new infections in the United States. Of those new infections, only 20% will have symptoms. That means many people will become infected with hepatitis C and not know it.

How can I get hepatitis C?

Hepatitis C is transmitted (passed) through blood or blood products. The most common ways are: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Coming in contact with hepatitis C-infected blood by sharing needles or other drug injecting equipment (cookers, cottons, pots, water, etc). Currently, injection drug use is the most common way to get hepatitis C.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Receiving organ transplants and blood transfusions prior to 1992. In 1992, blood banks began testing donations for hepatitis C.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Neonatal (newborn) transmission; hepatitis C may be passed from an infected mother to her baby whether the baby is delivered by Caesarean-section or vaginally. Spreading hepatitis C to a baby through breast milk has NOT been documented. However, if nipples are cracked or bleeding, hepatitis C-infected mothers may not want to breastfeed. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis C has been found in semen (cum) and vaginal secretions (wetness) and may be transmitted during vaginal or anal sex. Transmission during sex occurs in up to 20% of hepatitis C cases. Sexual transmission is even more likely to happen when blood is present. Some reasons associated with the sexual transmission of hepatitis C include:[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sex with multiple partners [/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Presence of other STDs [/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Traumatic sex (for example, rough sex, rape or sexual abuse) [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Transmission through oral sex has NOT been documented. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What are the signs or symptoms of hepatitis C? [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Most individuals with hepatitis C do not have symptoms. Liver disease develops so slowly that a person can have hepatitis C for years without having symptoms. Many individuals with chronic or long lasting hepatitis C have mild to moderate liver damage but do not feel sick. When symptoms are present, they are different for an acute (short term) infection and a chronic (long term) infection.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]ACUTE INFECTION (short term)[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Often, people with acute hepatitis C infection are asymptomatic (have no symptoms). [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Some people with acute hepatitis C infection have jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) or mild flu-like symptoms. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]CHRONIC INFECTION (long term)[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Most people with chronic (long lasting) hepatitis C will have only mild to moderate liver disease. Symptoms of this may include:[/FONT]

• • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Malaise (feeling of ill-health) [/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Fatigue (feeling tired all the time) [/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Anorexia (loss of appetite) [/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Nausea (feeling like vomiting)[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If a person develops cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, symptoms and signs may be more visible. In addition to those listed above, symptoms may include muscle weakness, weight loss, itching, dark urine, and fluid retention.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How can I find out if I have hepatitis C? [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]There are several blood tests that can be given to find out if a person has hepatitis C. If you think you've been exposed to or infected with hepatitis C, talk to your health care provider. He or she may order one test or a combination of tests. You and your health care provider can discuss whether your sex partner(s) need to be tested for hepatitis C. Tests will look for antibodies to the hepatitis virus. Most people with hepatitis C will develop antibodies (part of a person’s immune system response to a virus) by 6 months, the average being 8 to 9 weeks after infection…but it can take up to 12 months.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People with hepatitis C should be checked for liver disease and should discuss treatment with their health care providers. Just how serious the liver damage is may be determined by:[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Ultrasound -- detects signs of liver damage and liver cancer[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Liver Biopsy – detects signs of liver damage and cancer[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Liver Function Tests -- indicates damage to liver cells.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]None of the available tests to detect the hepatitis C virus can tell the difference between acute (short term) and chronic (long term) infections. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People who “clear” the virus from their bodies may still test positive for hepatitis C anti-bodies for many months. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Testing is recommended for people in these risk groups: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People who ever injected illegal drugs (including those who used drugs just once many, many years ago). [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People who were told that they received blood (i.e. in surgery) from a donor who later tested positive for hepatitis C. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People who received blood transfusions or organ transplants before July 1992. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Health care professionals who have come in contact with hepatitis C-infected blood. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Children born to hepatitis C-infected women. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People who use/d hemodialysis (a medical process for people with kidney failure.) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People who received clotting factor concentrate before 1987. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What can I do to reduce my risk of getting hepatitis C?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]NON-SEXUAL[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If you shoot up drugs and can't stop, avoid sharing needles or other works (i.e. equipment) used to shoot up drugs such as water, cotton, cookers, spoons, etc. If you choose to share your works, clean them with a mixture of tap water and bleach to reduce the risk of getting hepatitis C. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Avoid sharing personal objects, such as toothbrushes, razors or other items that might have blood on them. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Health care workers should follow standard precautions when handling sharps (i.e. needles, etc) and body fluids. They should also be vaccinated against [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]hepatitis B[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If you know you have hepatitis C, you can protect OTHERS by: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]NOT donating blood, body organs, tissue or semen. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Covering cuts or sores. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]NOT sharing personal health items such as razors or toothbrushes. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]SEXUAL[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Abstinence (choosing to not have sex) and mutual monogamy (sex only between two uninfected partners) provides a high level of protection. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Latex condoms provide effective protection during vaginal and anal sex. Condoms reduce contact with infected bodily fluids (i.e. semen, vaginal secretions and blood). [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A non-lubricated latex condom can be used for mouth-to-penis contact. Household plastic wrap, dental dams or a latex condom cut lengthwise and opened flat can reduce the risk of transmission during mouth-to-vagina or mouth-to-anus contact. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and B will not prevent hepatitis C, but it will help those who are infected with hepatitis C. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]TREATMENT AFTER EXPOSURE TO HEPATITIS C[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]There is no shot or medication which can be given once exposed to someone infected with hepatitis C. There could be drugs available to reduce the chance of having a chronic or long-term infection. Talk to your health care provider for more information.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What is the treatment for hepatitis C?

Treatment for hepatitis C varies depending on whether the infection is acute (short term) or chronic (long term) and the stage of illness.

[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Why worry about hepatitis C? [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The majority of people with hepatitis C have some sort of mild or moderate liver damage. Some have such serious damage that they have cirrhosis (liver scarring), liver failure, liver cancer or need a liver transplant because of hepatitis C. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People infected with hepatitis C are at risk for chronic (long lasting) liver disease or other hepatitis C-related chronic diseases for at least 20 years after being infected.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Complications from hepatitis C cause 8,000 to 10,000 deaths per year. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Do I need to talk to my partner about hepatitis C? [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Yes. Good partner communication is important in a relationship. While hepatitis C is more likely to be spread through sharing drug needles and works, it can be transmitted through sexual contact. If you or your partner uses street drugs or any illegal drug that require a needle, you could be at risk of getting hepatitis C.

Should I talk to my health care provider about hepatitis C?

Yes. Speak to your health care provider if you have: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]shared a drug needle in the past, even once. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]received a blood product or transfusion prior to 1992. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]had unprotected sex with someone who has hepatitis C. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]had kidney dialysis. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]received notice that you received blood from a donor who later tested positive for hepatitis C. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If you have hepatitis C you can protect your liver by: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]not drinking alcohol, because it may cause further damage to the liver. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]seeing your health care provider regularly [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]not beginning to take any new medicines, including over-the-counter or herbal ones, without talking to your health care provider. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and B. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][/FONT]

 

[suneth5000]

Thnx for info.
be careful

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Information to Live By: Hepatitis D

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What is hepatitis D (HDV)?

Hepatitis D (HDV) is a viral infection of the liver that can only be acquired if a person has hepatitis B (HBV). [/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How common is hepatitis D?

Hepatitis D is directly linked to hepatitis B, particularly to chronic (long lasting) hepatitis B. There are particular pockets worldwide where chronic hepatitis B infection is high, but hepatitis D infection is low or uncommon, such as Southeast Asia and China.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How can I get hepatitis D? [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis D can only infect people who have hepatitis B.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sexual transmission of hepatitis D is less efficient (less likely) than it is with hepatitis B. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis D is passed most often through sharing IV drug needles with an infected person. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People receiving clotting factor concentrates may also be at a higher risk. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Transmission of hepatitis D from mother to child during birth is rare. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What are the signs or symptoms of hepatitis D?[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Many persons with both hepatitis B and hepatitis D may not develop symptoms. When present, though, symptoms are similar to those of hepatitis B: [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Malaise (feeling of ill-health) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Fatigue (feeling tired all the time) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Anorexia (loss of appetite) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Nausea (feeling like vomiting)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Abdominal discomfort (stomach pain)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Dark-colored urine [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Rash or arthritis[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People with both hepatitis B and hepatitis D are more likely to have sudden, severe symptoms. Those who are infected with both viruses are more likely to develop serious complications associated with liver disease. People infected with both viruses may also become chronically infected and may be contagious from time to time or for the rest of their lives. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How can I find out if I have hepatitis D?

Your health care provider can test for hepatitis D with a blood test.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What can I do to reduce my risk of getting hepatitis D?[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Get vaccinated against hepatitis B. The hepatitis B vaccine also protects against hepatitis D since you must have hepatitis B in order to get D.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If you choose to inject drugs and cannot stop, avoid sharing your works--needles, syringes, cotton, water, spoons, pots (cookers) -- or any other drug “paraphernalia” (i.e. equipment). If you choose to share your works, clean them with water and bleach to reduce your risk of getting hepatitis D, filling syringes for at least 30 seconds. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Use latex condoms every time you have vaginal, anal or oral sex. Even though hepatitis D is not commonly transmitted through sex, hepatitis B is, and having hepatitis B makes it possible to get D.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What is the treatment for hepatitis D?[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Most people with acute viral hepatitis experience what’s called “self-limited illness” (one that runs a defined, limited timeframe) and go on to recover completely. There is no accepted therapy and there are no restrictions on diet or activity. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People with chronic (long lasting) hepatitis B and D can be treated with a drug called interferon.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]In most cases, people who are severely ill should consider hospitalization for supportive care. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Why worry about hepatitis D? [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis D can cause a more severe disease than hepatitis B infection alone. The diseases together can result in death. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]People with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis D have a greater chance of developing chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (scarring of the liver). [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Do I need to talk to my partner about hepatitis D?

Yes. Remember:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis D is very rarely sexually transmitted, but using latex condoms every time for vaginal, oral and anal sex greatly reduces the risk of passing or getting another STD, like hepatitis B. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Should I talk to my health care provider about hepatitis D?

You should talk to your health care provider about hepatitis D if: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]You use injection drugs and share your needles or works. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]You have received clotting factor concentrates. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]You have hepatitis B. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Remember: Getting vaccinated against hepatitis B helps prevent hepatitis D as well. [/FONT]

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Information to Live By: Hepatitis E

[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What is hepatitis E?

Hepatitis E, also known as enteric non-A, non-B hepatitis, is a viral hepatitis that is most commonly found in geographical areas lacking clean water and sanitation. [/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How common is hepatitis E?

It is not common in countries or areas with clean drinking water and adequate environmental sanitation. Typically, people diagnosed with hepatitis E have become infected during travels to geographical areas lacking clean water or sanitation. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How can I get hepatitis E?

Like hepatitis A, hepatitis E is transmitted through oral contact with feces (poop). This is primarily through contaminated water sources and a lack of sanitation. Unlike hepatitis A, spreading the virus from person to person (ie: oral-anal sex) is not common. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What are the signs or symptoms of hepatitis E?

Symptoms of hepatitis E resemble those of hepatitis A:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Low-grade fever [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Malaise (feeling of ill-health) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Fatigue (feeling tired all the time) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Anorexia (loss of appetite) [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Nausea (feeling like vomiting)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Abdominal discomfort (stomach pain)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Dark-colored urine [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Hepatitis E is not known to cause chronic (long lasting) infection.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How can I find out if I have hepatitis E?

There are no commercial blood tests available for detecting hepatitis E. There are, however, diagnostic tests available in research laboratories. Talk to your health care provider about testing if you think you may have been exposed to hepatitis E.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What can I do to reduce my risk of getting hepatitis E?

When traveling to geographical areas where the water supply is questionable: [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Avoid drinking the water, unless it is sealed bottled water[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Avoid using local ice [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Avoid uncooked shellfish[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Avoid uncooked fruits or vegetables that are not peeled or prepared by you[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What is the treatment for hepatitis E?

Most people with hepatitis E experience what’s called “self-limited illness” (one that runs a defined, limited course) and go on to recover completely. There is no accepted therapy, and there are no restrictions on diet or activity.

In most cases, people who are severely ill should consider hospitalization for supportive care. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Why worry about hepatitis E?

Pregnant women who become infected with hepatitis E could die. The disease can cause death in up to 20% of pregnant women who are infected. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Epidemics (outbreaks) have occurred in Asia, Africa, and Mexico; travelers to developing nations might be at risk, but this virus is not likely to be a problem in the United States.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Do I need to talk to my partner about hepatitis E?

No. Hepatitis E is primarily transmitted by contaminated drinking water and is not thought to be sexually transmitted. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Should I talk to my health care provider about hepatitis E?

If you think you may be infected with hepatitis E, talk to your health care provider about testing. There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis E; therefore the only way to protect you is to avoid contaminated food or water.[/FONT]

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Herpes Simplex Virus(HSV) - Overview[/FONT][/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]viral disease (treatable, but not curable)

Herpes (HSV): In-depth [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Herpes is caused by a virus that can be treated but not cured. The majority of genital herpes infections are caused by Herpes Simplex type 2. The majority of oral herpes infections are caused by Herpes Simplex type 1. Both type 1 and type 2 can occur in the oral or anal areas, on the genitals, or in both locations.[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]


What Are the Signs that You Have Herpes? [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Symptoms of herpes are not the same for everyone. In fact, most people who have herpes don't even know it because they never had signs or symptoms that they noticed. If symptoms do appear, they may show up anywhere from three to 10 days after getting the virus or they might take months or years to appear. [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Some people experience pain or burning when they urinate (pee). [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Herpes sometimes starts out as bumps or blisters in and around the genital area, and then they scab over. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Herpes also can look like an irritated red area or bumps that many people mistake for something else like an ingrown hair, pimple, bug bite, or rash. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Many men mistake herpes for jock itch or zibber burn or abrasions from rough sex. Many women often mistake it for a yeast infection, razor burn, irritation from rough sex, or ingrown hairs. [/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Genital herpes symptoms can appear on the genitals, upper thighs or buttocks. [/FONT]
  [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How Do You Get Herpes?
  Herpes is transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact. This happens when an infected area comes into contact with a mucous membrane, primarily the moist skin of the mouth, genitals or anus (butt hole). For instance, fever blisters and cold sores are s ymptoms of oral herpes. If a person with cold sores performs oral sex, it is possible for his or her partner to get herpes on or around the genitals or anus (butt hole). [/FONT]​
  
  [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Herpes can also be transmitted when there are no symptoms present. There are several days throughout the year that the virus reactivates (wakes up) yet causes no symptoms. Although this time of being contagious (able to be spread to another person) wit hout symptoms is small, consistent use of latex condoms can greatly reduce the risk of getting herpes. [/FONT]
  [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How to You Find Out You Have Herpes?
  Symptoms of genital herpes can vary widely from person to person. It is recommended that an individual have a skin culture taken within the first 48 hours after signs appear. After 48 hours, there is a risk of receiving a false negative test result becaus e symptoms may have started to heal. [/FONT]
  [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Blood tests are often used when no symptoms are present. There are many blood tests available, but it is important to understand why these tests are not always right. Many blood tests cannot tell the difference between type 1 and type 2 herpes and can sometimes mistake other herpes viruses (such as chicken pox) for the herpes simplex virus. Basically, a blood test can't tell you where a herpes infection is. The test could come back positive because of an oral herpes infection (fever blisters and cold s ores). To learn more about blood tests and getting diagnosed,[/FONT]
  [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What Happens If You Have Herpes?
  There are three medications available for the treatment of genital herpes: [/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Zovirax (acyclovir), Famvir (famciclovir) and Valtrex (valaciclovir). Each of these can reduce how bad the outbreaks are and how long they last. The medications also can be taken daily to keep the outbreaks from happening so much. [/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Zovirax (acyclovir), Famvir (famciclovir) and Valtrex (valaciclovir) can also be prescribed for treatment of oral herpes. Zovirax (acyclovir) ointment, however, is usually prescribed more than the pills. Denavir, also an ointment, is the only prescript ion medication specifically developed for oral herpes. Viractin is one over-the-counter product that is suggested for oral herpes.[/FONT]
  [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]
  [/FONT]

 

[MaD-DoC]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Human Papillomavirus (HPV) - Overview

[/FONT][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Basic Info[/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What is HPV?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]HPV, or human papillomavirus, is the name of a group of viruses that has more than 70 different types. HPV is sometimes called the wart virus because certain types of HPV cause warts on the hands, feet or genitals. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The types of HPV that cause visible warts on the genitals (vulva, vagina, penis, scrotum) or anus (butt hole) are different types than those that cause warts on the hands and feet. People may have HPV and not have any warts that they can see with naked eye. Still other types may cause cells on the cervix or in the anus to change and, in some cases, develop into cancer over many, many years if left untreated.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How is it spread?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]HPV and genital warts are usually spread by direct, skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal or oral sex with a partner who already has the virus. HPV can infect any person who is sexually active.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A person may not know right away-or even ever-if they have been infected by HPV. Genital warts do not always appear right away. And many people who get HPV never develop warts or any cervical or anal cell changes. It's different for each person. Some people may see warts:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Within several weeks after having sex with a person who has HPV[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Within several months after having sex with a person who has HPV (this is MOST common)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Within several years after having sex with a person who has HPV[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]NEVER (and they may never know they have HPV)[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]And since genital warts may not appear until weeks, months or years after the infection it may be hard to know exactly when you got the virus and who passed it on to you.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]REMEMBER: [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] HPV and genital warts are very common. HPV is the most common STD in the United States. [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Many people don't know they have it.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Many people infect their partners without meaning to.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]You may not know right away that you have an HPV infection or genital warts.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What are the symptoms? [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Sometimes HPV lives in the skin without causing ANY warts or other skin changes that can be seen at all. This is called latent (or hidden) HPV infection.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Some people will develop visible growths or bumps in the genital area. These are visible genital warts.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Some people have tiny changes on the skin that can't be seen with the naked eye. This is called subclinical HPV. Doctors and nurses can find these by looking at the skin with special instruments that magnify (make what they look at appear larger).[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Some women to have abnormal cell changes on their cervix, which is found by a Pap smear.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Some people will know they have HPV when:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]They see warts or bumps in their genitals or their sex partner's genitals[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Their doctor or nurse sees warts that are inside the vagina or in the anus may be found during a physical exam or a pelvic exam[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]They have an abnormal Pap smear. An abnormal Pap smear may be the first warning sign to women that HPV is present-but this is NOT a direct test for HPV. [/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Can HPV be cured?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]No. HPV is a virus and there is no direct treatment for the virus. But warts or other cell changes caused by the virus can be treated. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Experts disagree about whether the virus ever goes away completely, or is just suppressed (kept in check) by the immune system so much that it cannot be detected, even by very sensitive tests. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Most people never have a problem with HPV because their body's immune system keeps the virus from ever becoming a problem. HPV can be treated and managed if symptoms do develop.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]You should go to the doctor or clinic if:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]You notice any unusual growths, bumps or skin changes on or near the penis, vagina, vulva, anus, scrotum or groin.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Your sex partner(s) tells you that he or she has genital HPV or genital warts.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]You are female and sexually active (having intercourse). Sexually active women should have a yearly pelvic exam, Pap smear and STD screening.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]You are male and sexually active (having intercourse) for a yearly physical exam and STD screening.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]GENITAL WARTS[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What are they?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Genital warts that are visible are growths or bumps in the genital area. They may be:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Flat (smooth on the skin)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Raised (like a bump or skin growth)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Single (only one wart)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Multiple (more than one in the same area or many areas)[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Small or large[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Genital warts and other abnormal tissue are diagnosed by:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A doctor or nurse may use a vinegar solution on the genitals (this may sting a little). The vinegar solution makes the warts or abnormal tissue turn white and be easier to see.[/FONT]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The doctor or nurse may use a special magnifying lens to look closely at the warts or cervical infection-this is NOT a test for HPV, but helps check for it.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Are warts dangerous?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]No. The types of HPV that cause raised or "cauliflower"-shaped warts are not the same types that cause cervical, penile or anal cancer, although flat warts are often of the same type. But, if you have genital warts, you may have also come into contact with the types of HPV that are linked to cervical cancer. Like any other sexually active woman, a woman with genital warts should get yearly Pap smears.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How are warts treated?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Some people are never bothered by genital warts and are never treated for them. Sometimes the immune system will manage the HPV infection and the genital warts may go away by themselves. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]When choosing what treatment to use your doctor or nurse will consider the size, location and number of warts, changes in the warts, patient preference, cost of treatment, convenience, adverse effects and their own experience with the treatments.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If genital warts are itching, burning or bleeding, or you just want to do whatever you can to get rid of them, there are several ways to treat them. [/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Podofilox liquid or gel is a self-applied treatment that can be put on by the patient at home for external genital warts. It doesn't cost much and is safe and easy to use. It's available by prescription only.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Imiquimod cream is a self-applied treatment that can be put on by the patient at home for external genital warts and warts near the anus. It is safe, effective and easy to use. The cream is not harsh on the skin and does not cause scarring like some other treatments. It's available by prescription only.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Cryotherapy (freezing off the wart with liquid nitrogen) is relatively inexpensive, but it must be done by a trained doctor or nurse.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Trichloracetic acid (TCA) is another chemical applied to the surface of the wart by a doctor or a nurse.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Laser therapy (using an intense light to destroy warts) or surgery (cutting off warts) has the advantage of getting rid of warts in a single office visit. However, treatment can cost a lot and the doctor must be well trained in these methods.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The drug interferon is sometimes used, but less expensive treatments work just as well with fewer side effects.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]**CAUTION: NEVER TREAT GENITAL WARTS WITH TREATMENTS DESIGNED FOR WARTS ON THE HANDS OR FEET**[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Some things to think about before any treatment for genital warts:[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Ask your doctor or nurse to tell you about the treatment, including how much it costs and the likely benefits of the treatment.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Avoid treatments that cause bad side effects or scarring.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Be sure you know what to do after you have the treatment done, like what to do about any itching, burning or pain, and when to come back to the office or clinic.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Be patient-most people have to be treated more than once or your doctor or nurse may have to try more than one treatment.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If you are pregnant or think you might be, tell your doctor or nurse so a treatment can be chosen that won't be harmful to you or your baby.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Some doctors or nurses may tell you not to have sex while having treatment. This is to protect the treated areas of skin and help it heal.[/FONT]

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]It's OK to ask the doctor or nurse questions. They are there to help you and explain what is happening if you have any questions.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]None of the treatments listed above is a cure for HPV (although the treatment of warts may help stimulate your immune system to fight warts), and warts can return even months later after treatment. In some cases, warts may come back years later, but that doesn't happen very often. It's hard to tell if the warts that appear much later are a return of the old warts or a new case. In most cases, warts never come back.[/FONT]
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