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<blockquote data-quote="MaD-DoC" data-source="post: 1161862" data-attributes="member: 56284">[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Abnormal&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Cell Changes [/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; a woman is sexually active, having a Pap smear every year is the&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; best way to keep from getting cervical cancer. Cancer almost always&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; can be prevented before it occurs when abnormal cells are found&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; and treated early.[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What is a&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; cervix?[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A cervix is&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; the neck of the uterus (womb) that forms the passageway between&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; the uterus and the vagina inside a female's body. The cervix in&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; teen women is often not fully mature. This can make it easier for&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; a teen woman to develop cell changes from HPV and to become infected&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; with other STDs.[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]How&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; are abnormal cells changes found?[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Doctors and&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; nurses test for abnormal cell changes through a simple procedure&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; called a Pap smear. A Pap smear is usually part of an annual pelvic&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; examination. A pelvic exam includes the doctor or nurse checking&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; the external genital area. They also use their hands to feel the&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; shape of the internal reproductive organs to make sure they feel&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; normal.[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]What&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; is a Pap smear?[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]A Pap smear&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; is a test made to find abnormal cells on the cervix before they&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; turn into cancer (precancerous changes). Precancerous changes are&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; caused by HPV.[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The Pap smear&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; is simple and quick, and most women have little discomfort. A small&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; wooden spatula and a small brush are used to collect cells from&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; the cervix. The cells are fixed onto a slide and the slide is examined&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; by a pathology lab to make sure the cells look normal. [/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If the cells&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; don't look normal your doctor or nurse may repeat the Pap smear&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; in a few months. [/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Often, the repeated&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Pap smear will be normal. Or, they may ask you to come in to look&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; at your cervix with a specially lighted magnifying lens called a&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; colposcope (this looks like a pair of binoculars with a bright light).[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]If you are asked&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; to repeat your Pap smear in a few months and it is again abnormal,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; you will also have a colposcopy. As an alternative, some doctors&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; will do a test for HPV and if it is positive for the virus (HPV&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; is found to be present on the cervix) you will have a colposcopy.[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]When&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; should I get a Pap Smear?[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Women should&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; begin having yearly Pap smears when they become sexually active,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; that is, begin to have sexual intercourse. A yearly Pap smear helps&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; check for any sign of abnormal cell growth on the cervix. [/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Should I&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; worry about getting cervical cancer?[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Cervical cancer,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; in most cases, is preventable through annual Pap smears. In the&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; United States, approximately 5,000 women die annually from cervical&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; cancer, and in most cases, these would have been preventable deaths&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; if Pap smears had been done regularly.[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The main purpose&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; of Pap smears is NOT to screen for cancer. It screens for abnormal&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; cell changes that happen long before any cancer develops. That's&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; why this simple procedure is so important for taking care of your&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; sexual health.[/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]HPV and&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Penile and Anal Cancer [/FONT]&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The same types&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; of HPV that are linked to cervical cancer can also cause abnormal&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; cell changes in the anus and the penis. Not much is written about&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; this, but more and more information is showing that anal cancer and&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; penile cancer are also linked to HPV infection.[/FONT]</blockquote>

[QUOTE="MaD-DoC, post: 1161862, member: 56284"] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2][U]Abnormal Cell Changes[/U] [/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2]If a woman is sexually active, having a Pap smear every year is the best way to keep from getting cervical cancer. Cancer almost always can be prevented before it occurs when abnormal cells are found and treated early.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2][U]What is a cervix?[/U][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2]A cervix is the neck of the uterus (womb) that forms the passageway between the uterus and the vagina inside a female's body. The cervix in teen women is often not fully mature. This can make it easier for a teen woman to develop cell changes from HPV and to become infected with other STDs.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2][U]How are abnormal cells changes found?[/U][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2]Doctors and nurses test for abnormal cell changes through a simple procedure called a Pap smear. A Pap smear is usually part of an annual pelvic examination. A pelvic exam includes the doctor or nurse checking the external genital area. They also use their hands to feel the shape of the internal reproductive organs to make sure they feel normal.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2][U]What is a Pap smear?[/U][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2]A Pap smear is a test made to find abnormal cells on the cervix before they turn into cancer (precancerous changes). Precancerous changes are caused by HPV.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2]The Pap smear is simple and quick, and most women have little discomfort. A small wooden spatula and a small brush are used to collect cells from the cervix. The cells are fixed onto a slide and the slide is examined by a pathology lab to make sure the cells look normal. [/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2]If the cells don't look normal your doctor or nurse may repeat the Pap smear in a few months. [/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2]Often, the repeated Pap smear will be normal. Or, they may ask you to come in to look at your cervix with a specially lighted magnifying lens called a colposcope (this looks like a pair of binoculars with a bright light).[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2]If you are asked to repeat your Pap smear in a few months and it is again abnormal, you will also have a colposcopy. As an alternative, some doctors will do a test for HPV and if it is positive for the virus (HPV is found to be present on the cervix) you will have a colposcopy.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2][U]When should I get a Pap Smear?[/U][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2]Women should begin having yearly Pap smears when they become sexually active, that is, begin to have sexual intercourse. A yearly Pap smear helps check for any sign of abnormal cell growth on the cervix. [/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2][U]Should I worry about getting cervical cancer?[/U][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2]Cervical cancer, in most cases, is preventable through annual Pap smears. In the United States, approximately 5,000 women die annually from cervical cancer, and in most cases, these would have been preventable deaths if Pap smears had been done regularly.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2]The main purpose of Pap smears is NOT to screen for cancer. It screens for abnormal cell changes that happen long before any cancer develops. That's why this simple procedure is so important for taking care of your sexual health.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2] [/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2][U]HPV and Penile and Anal Cancer[/U] [/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][SIZE=2]The same types of HPV that are linked to cervical cancer can also cause abnormal cell changes in the anus and the penis. Not much is written about this, but more and more information is showing that anal cancer and penile cancer are also linked to HPV infection.[/SIZE][/FONT] [/QUOTE]

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