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Message: <blockquote data-quote="imhotep" data-source="post: 30045242" data-attributes="member: 562115">I had written on mpox previously on several other threads. Briefly, there are a few vaccines already available. But not enough stocks. Some countries do have a hidden cache of smallpox vaccine though, just in case.For mpox there is Jynneos (since 2019), a replication-deficient live virus vaccine containing a nonreplicating Orthopoxvirus – Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) virus. It is approved for use in individuals above 18 years of age, two doses of 0.5 ml by the subcutaneous route. To increase vaccine coverage it was also approved to use 1/5th of the dose (0.1ml) intradermal. (because a trial showed that the immune response was similar even though less amount was used)Its marketed under the names of Jynneos, Imvamune and Imvanex - the Danish company Bavarian-Nordic shares rose last Thursday by more than 12% and over the last week by nearly 40%.<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite24" alt=":unsure:" title="Unsure    :unsure:" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":unsure:" />The older vaccine ACAM2000 (Acambis -USA) is a replication-competent live vaccinia virus vaccine, derived by plaque purification from previously licensed calf lymph-produced vaccine – Dryvax (Wyeth - USA) and further passaged three times in Vero cell lines. It is considered to be a second-generation replicating smallpox vaccine, approved since 2007. Thi sis not really a mpox vaccine but can be used as per FDA guidelines with consent.Hoowever, ACAM2000 has a lot of side effects and it's to be used for smallpox and not necessarily for mpox.LC-16 (KM Biologics, Japan) is an attenuated partially replicating Lister strain of vaccinia. It is administered as a single dose, as ACAM2000 using a bifurcated needle–scarification method. It is a third-generation smallpox vaccine. This is aproved for mpox - Only LC16 is approved for use in children.The Russian state scientific center Vector (who also devlops bio weapons) has assured the public that it possesses sufficient quantities of the "OrthopoxVac" vaccine, effective aginst mpox.This vaccine is based on a weakened live virus of a smallpox vaccine and suppposedly the first fourth-generation smallpox/orthopoxvirus vaccine.The problem is the non availabilty of the vaccines in Congo or Africa where mpox was endemic for decades. Congo's regulators approved these vaccines in June, but the government has not yet requested them from manufacturers or donors like the United States through Gavi.NOTE: The present day generation is not vaccinated against smallpox and it's not quite sure the older generation still has the required immunity, even though they were vaccinated. The waning population immunity associated with discontinuation of smallpox vaccination has established the landscape for the resurgence of monkeypox. <img src="/styles/default/xenforo/smilies/default/sad.gif"  class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=":(" title="Sad    :(" data-shortname=":(" />The smallpox vaccine provided the cross protection for monkeypox. PS: A case from Pakistan has been just reported, but the sequencing results hasn't been completed as yet to detremine whether it's Clade 1.</blockquote>

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