From a tiny sample of tissue no larger than a grain of sand, scientists have come within reach of a goal once thought unattainable: building a complete functional wiring diagram of a portion of the brain. In 1979, famed molecular biologist, Francis Crick, stated that it would be "[impossible] to create an exact wiring diagram for a cubic millimeter of brain tissue and the way all its neurons are firing." But during the last seven years, a global team of more than 150 neuroscientists and researchers has brought that closer to reality.
The Machine Intelligence from Cortical Networks (MICrONS) Project has built the most detailed wiring diagram of a mammalian brain to date. The team made and designed tools to allow dense neural reconstruction at scale. The resulting data set includes 200,000 cells and 523 million connections in the primary visual cortex and surrounding areas of a mouse. A unique contribution of the MICrONS project is that it also includes in vivo functional data from around 75,000 of the neurons. Even landmark connectomics studies, such as FlyWire, include only the anatomical data. The inclusion of functional data means that we can directly relate connectivity to function and decipher the elusive algorithms of the cortex.
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