Some of you may have read my post about a "Universal Flu Vaccine" on the 18th December... Pls read it if you haven't.
https://elakiri.com/threads/univers...g-results-with-possible-reality-soon.1967427/
I did mention here several times that there's a major flaw in all the Covid vaccines - which is targeting of the Spike protein. The Wuhan Virus keeps on changing it's outer coat, creating variants, which in turn affects the efficacy of the vaccines which were developed with the sequence of the original strain.
Also I mentioned that several vaccine developers are moving into Generation 2 vaccines, dropping the S- protein and trying to target something else that doesn't change with the variants. There are a couple of teams who uses different approaches and I will briefly mention one of them that had done animal trials.
The development of a universal vaccine is not an easy task. All coronaviruses use what's known as trimeric Type I fusion proteins to bind and enter host cells. The S protein is cleaved into two parts called S1 and S2. The S1 part is the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and that's the one that locks into the ACE2 receptors. The S2 part includes a "Fusion Peptide" (FP) which allows the virus to fuse into our cell membranes. The FP part on S2 does not change across the whole Coronaviridae family. It stays 93% the same across ALL the coronaviruses.
The new vaccine targets this FP and even if the virus can bind into the ACE2 receptor, it cannot fuse with the cell membranes, thus making it ineffective. Note that across all the variants the FP remains the same and thus the vaccine is variant independent. The same vaccine will work across all the variants.
The implentation of the vaccine is fairly complex and uses a simple inactivated e-coli bacteria (A killed whole cell bacerial vaccine). The current gene technology enable to make the e-coli to be modified to act as an auto transporter.
These type of vaccines are easy to store, very cheap to manufacture and can quickly manufactured and highly safe to use. This is quite similar to the pertussis (Whooping cough) vaccine.
Early results with piglets show that the vaccine is effective (even though they were infected to a certain degree) and it's still in early stages of development. Hopefully these vaccines will provide us with better immunity against future variants.
PS: There are other teams who also target the FP but use alternate methods - also in early development.
https://elakiri.com/threads/univers...g-results-with-possible-reality-soon.1967427/
I did mention here several times that there's a major flaw in all the Covid vaccines - which is targeting of the Spike protein. The Wuhan Virus keeps on changing it's outer coat, creating variants, which in turn affects the efficacy of the vaccines which were developed with the sequence of the original strain.
Also I mentioned that several vaccine developers are moving into Generation 2 vaccines, dropping the S- protein and trying to target something else that doesn't change with the variants. There are a couple of teams who uses different approaches and I will briefly mention one of them that had done animal trials.
The development of a universal vaccine is not an easy task. All coronaviruses use what's known as trimeric Type I fusion proteins to bind and enter host cells. The S protein is cleaved into two parts called S1 and S2. The S1 part is the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and that's the one that locks into the ACE2 receptors. The S2 part includes a "Fusion Peptide" (FP) which allows the virus to fuse into our cell membranes. The FP part on S2 does not change across the whole Coronaviridae family. It stays 93% the same across ALL the coronaviruses.
The new vaccine targets this FP and even if the virus can bind into the ACE2 receptor, it cannot fuse with the cell membranes, thus making it ineffective. Note that across all the variants the FP remains the same and thus the vaccine is variant independent. The same vaccine will work across all the variants.
The implentation of the vaccine is fairly complex and uses a simple inactivated e-coli bacteria (A killed whole cell bacerial vaccine). The current gene technology enable to make the e-coli to be modified to act as an auto transporter.
These type of vaccines are easy to store, very cheap to manufacture and can quickly manufactured and highly safe to use. This is quite similar to the pertussis (Whooping cough) vaccine.
Early results with piglets show that the vaccine is effective (even though they were infected to a certain degree) and it's still in early stages of development. Hopefully these vaccines will provide us with better immunity against future variants.
PS: There are other teams who also target the FP but use alternate methods - also in early development.
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