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රුපියල නැගල
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සතියෙන් 155 ට බස්සන්න උබ හිතුවද Financial market එක කියන්නෙ කොළඹ මැනිං මාර්කට් එක වගේ එකක් කියල..
කරන්න බැරි වැඩ ගැන කියවන්නෙ නැතුව ඉදපන්.. මහින්ද නෙවෙයි මහින්දගෙ තාත්ත ආවත් එක සතියක් ඇතුලත dollar එක 174 ඉදන් 155 ට ගේන්න බැ..
ow meke inna aya ohe rupiyalak bassama nikan magic wage, Mahinda awata eyata mokut karanne behe, USD ekai LKR ekai athara tiyena peg eka danne billiona ganak reserves tiyenne one, denata rupiyala adu une, isthawara karapu hinda nemei, oke sathi 2kata issella tibbe 169kata, 171 wikunum mila, thama wikunum mila yanne 176k bawa salakanne.
උබ බීලද.. උබ USD billion 1 කියන්නෙ කීයද කියලවත් දන්නවද..
මේ දවස් 5 ඇතුලත share market එකේ උන සේරම ගණුදෙනු වල වටිනාකමත් 100 million USD වලට වඩා අඩුයි.. මුලු අවුරුද්දකම වෙන ගණුදෙනු වල වටිනාකමත් 2 billion USD වලට වඩා වැඩි වෙන්නෙ නැ.. නිකන් බොරු හදල දාන්න එපා.. USD billion 2 K 3 ක් outflow වෙන්න මේක NYSE එක නෙමෙයි, මේක CSE (Colombo Stock Exchange)
Share market එකට වඩා market value එක bond market එකේ ගොඩක් වැඩී.. එහෙම වෙලත් bond market එකේ මේ මුලු අවුරුද්දටම foreign outflow එක 500 million USD..
meka USD newei Rs neda? Eth numbers hari mama hithanne. Mata Brokergen apu report eketh oya wage numbers thibuna mathakai
january 1st to November 2n
Net foreign outflow එක රුපියල් 13.31 billion. මේ සතියෙ net foreign outflow එක රුපියල් 3.86 billion.. මේ සතියෙ දවස් 4 ක් foreign outflow , එක දවසක් foreign inflow..
Foreign outflow එකට ප්රදානම හේතුව Aberdeen investment fund එක උන්ගෙ sri lankan investment අයින් කරගන්න එක.. දැන් මාස 4 ක විතර ඉදන් උන් විකුනනව.. Market එකේ foreign outflow එකනම් දැන් ගොඩක් කාලෙක ඉදන් තියනව..
Market එකට foreign Outflow එකක් තියනව කියල කියනවනම්, ඒ වගේම market එකට Domestic inflow එකක් තියනව කියල කියන්නත් පුලුවන්..
මට දැනගන්න ලැබී ඇති පරිදි foreign reserves මහ බැංකුව මඟින් මුදාහැරීම මෙසේ රුපියල ශක්තිමත් වීමට හේතුවයි. මෙය පැලැස්තර වාදී විසඳුමක් පමණි
Fixed Exchange Rates
There are two ways the price of a currency can be determined against another. A fixed, or pegged, rate is a rate the government (central bank) sets and maintains as the official exchange rate. A set price will be determined against a major world currency (usually the U.S. dollar, but also other major currencies such as the euro, the yen or a basket of currencies). In order to maintain the local exchange rate, the central bank buys and sells its own currency on the foreign exchange market in return for the currency to which it is pegged. (For more, see "What Are Central Banks?" and "Get to Know the Major Central Banks.")
If, for example, it is determined that the value of a single unit of local currency is equal to US$3, the central bank will have to ensure that it can supply the market with those dollars. In order to maintain the rate, the central bank must keep a high level of foreign reserves. This is a reserved amount of foreign currency held by the central bank that it can use to release (or absorb) extra funds into (or out of) the market. This ensures an appropriate money supply, appropriate fluctuations in the market (inflation/deflation) and ultimately, the exchange rate. The central bank can also adjust the official exchange rate when necessary.
Floating Exchange Rates
Unlike the fixed rate, a floating exchange rate is determined by the private market through supply and demand. A floating rate is often termed "self-correcting," as any differences in supply and demand will automatically be corrected in the market. Look at this simplified model: if demand for a currency is low, its value will decrease, thus making imported goods more expensive and stimulating demand for local goods and services. This in turn will generate more jobs, causing an auto-correction in the market. A floating exchange rate is constantly changing.
In reality, no currency is wholly fixed or floating. In a fixed regime, market pressures can also influence changes in the exchange rate. Sometimes, when a local currency reflects its true value against its pegged currency, a "black market" (which is more reflective of actual supply and demand) may develop. A central bank will often then be forced to revalue or devalue the official rate so that the rate is in line with the unofficial one, thereby halting the activity of the black market.
In a floating regime, the central bank may also intervene when it is necessary to ensure stability and to avoid inflation. However, it is less often that the central bank of a floating regime will interfere.
Read more: Currency Exchange: Floating Rate Vs. Fixed Rate https://www.investopedia.com/trading/floating-rate-vs-fixed-rate/#ixzz5Vlk7Hkgi
Follow us: Investopedia on Facebook
Fixed Exchange Rates
There are two ways the price of a currency can be determined against another. A fixed, or pegged, rate is a rate the government (central bank) sets and maintains as the official exchange rate. A set price will be determined against a major world currency (usually the U.S. dollar, but also other major currencies such as the euro, the yen or a basket of currencies). In order to maintain the local exchange rate, the central bank buys and sells its own currency on the foreign exchange market in return for the currency to which it is pegged. (For more, see "What Are Central Banks?" and "Get to Know the Major Central Banks.")
If, for example, it is determined that the value of a single unit of local currency is equal to US$3, the central bank will have to ensure that it can supply the market with those dollars. In order to maintain the rate, the central bank must keep a high level of foreign reserves. This is a reserved amount of foreign currency held by the central bank that it can use to release (or absorb) extra funds into (or out of) the market. This ensures an appropriate money supply, appropriate fluctuations in the market (inflation/deflation) and ultimately, the exchange rate. The central bank can also adjust the official exchange rate when necessary.
Floating Exchange Rates
Unlike the fixed rate, a floating exchange rate is determined by the private market through supply and demand. A floating rate is often termed "self-correcting," as any differences in supply and demand will automatically be corrected in the market. Look at this simplified model: if demand for a currency is low, its value will decrease, thus making imported goods more expensive and stimulating demand for local goods and services. This in turn will generate more jobs, causing an auto-correction in the market. A floating exchange rate is constantly changing.
In reality, no currency is wholly fixed or floating. In a fixed regime, market pressures can also influence changes in the exchange rate. Sometimes, when a local currency reflects its true value against its pegged currency, a "black market" (which is more reflective of actual supply and demand) may develop. A central bank will often then be forced to revalue or devalue the official rate so that the rate is in line with the unofficial one, thereby halting the activity of the black market.
In a floating regime, the central bank may also intervene when it is necessary to ensure stability and to avoid inflation. However, it is less often that the central bank of a floating regime will interfere.
Read more: Currency Exchange: Floating Rate Vs. Fixed Rate https://www.investopedia.com/trading/floating-rate-vs-fixed-rate/#ixzz5Vlk7Hkgi
Follow us: Investopedia on Facebook
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Is there any downside to a fixed currency? Yes. There is a price that governments pay when implementing the pegged-currency policy in their countries.
A common element with all fixed or pegged foreign exchange regimes is the need to maintain the fixed exchange rate. This requires large amounts of reserves, as the country's government or central bank is constantly buying or selling the domestic currency. China is a perfect example. Before repealing the fixed rate scheme in 2010, Chinese foreign exchange reserves grew significantly each year in order to maintain the U.S. dollar peg rate. The pace of growth in reserves was so rapid it took China only a couple of years to overshadow Japan's foreign exchange reserves. As of January 2011, it was announced that Beijing owned $2.8 trillion in reserves – more than double that of Japan at the time. (To learn more, check out "How Do Central Banks Acquire Currency Reserves and How Much Are They Required to Hold?)
The problem with huge currency reserves is that the massive amount of funds or capital that is being created can create unwanted economic side effects – namely higher inflation. The more currency reserves there are, the bigger the monetary supply – causing prices to rise. Rising prices can cause havoc for countries that are looking to keep things stable. As of December 2010, China's consumer price inflation had moved to around 5%. (Learn more about inflation in our Inflation Tutorial.)
The Thai Experience
These types of economic elements have caused many fixed exchange rate regimes to fail. Although these economies are able to defend themselves against adverse global situations, they tend to be exposed domestically. Many times, indecision about adjusting the peg for an economy's currency can be coupled with the inability to defend the underlying fixed rate.
The Thai baht was one such currency.
The baht was at one time pegged to the U.S. dollar. Once considered a prized currency investment, the Thai baht came under attack following adverse capital market events during 1996-1997. The currency depreciated and the baht plunged rapidly, because the government was unwilling and unable to defend the baht peg using limited reserves.
In July 1997, the Thai government was forced into floating the currency before accepting an International Monetary Fund bailout. Even so, between July of 1997 and October 1997, the baht fell by as much as 40%. (For more about currencies under attack, check out "The Greatest Currency Trades Ever Made.")
A common element with all fixed or pegged foreign exchange regimes is the need to maintain the fixed exchange rate. This requires large amounts of reserves, as the country's government or central bank is constantly buying or selling the domestic currency. China is a perfect example. Before repealing the fixed rate scheme in 2010, Chinese foreign exchange reserves grew significantly each year in order to maintain the U.S. dollar peg rate. The pace of growth in reserves was so rapid it took China only a couple of years to overshadow Japan's foreign exchange reserves. As of January 2011, it was announced that Beijing owned $2.8 trillion in reserves – more than double that of Japan at the time. (To learn more, check out "How Do Central Banks Acquire Currency Reserves and How Much Are They Required to Hold?)
The problem with huge currency reserves is that the massive amount of funds or capital that is being created can create unwanted economic side effects – namely higher inflation. The more currency reserves there are, the bigger the monetary supply – causing prices to rise. Rising prices can cause havoc for countries that are looking to keep things stable. As of December 2010, China's consumer price inflation had moved to around 5%. (Learn more about inflation in our Inflation Tutorial.)
The Thai Experience
These types of economic elements have caused many fixed exchange rate regimes to fail. Although these economies are able to defend themselves against adverse global situations, they tend to be exposed domestically. Many times, indecision about adjusting the peg for an economy's currency can be coupled with the inability to defend the underlying fixed rate.
The Thai baht was one such currency.
The baht was at one time pegged to the U.S. dollar. Once considered a prized currency investment, the Thai baht came under attack following adverse capital market events during 1996-1997. The currency depreciated and the baht plunged rapidly, because the government was unwilling and unable to defend the baht peg using limited reserves.
In July 1997, the Thai government was forced into floating the currency before accepting an International Monetary Fund bailout. Even so, between July of 1997 and October 1997, the baht fell by as much as 40%. (For more about currencies under attack, check out "The Greatest Currency Trades Ever Made.")
50 mil USD eliyata dala..
Yes Yes.... the fuckers are doing the same thing they did back in 2013/2014 - Squandering the reserves.
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