nagaya said:
JAN.5 AVE.........................INDIYAVE INNE KEPPA VASSIYO..................UN DARUNU VADI
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AIDS
- Thread starter rapa
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JAN.5 AVE.........................INDIYAVE INNE KEPPA VASSIYO..................UN DARUNU VADI
ekane bannagaya said:honda wade lankawe vassiyo narakai kiyala indiyawata ringuwata
me mama lankawe hapinnak dennada ?
hapo uba thiya ganing hepinna gahanna gaththoth wessi anna wage nemai
sorry.com
rapo araka activate venna e mail eka thama ave nahane....nadda vena site 1k meka lesiyenma karaganna.............................rapa said:ekane ban
hapo uba thiya ganing hepinna gahanna gaththoth wessi anna wage nemai
sorry.com
http://imageshack.usVASSA said:rapo araka activate venna e mail eka thama ave nahane....nadda vena site 1k meka lesiyenma karaganna.............................
ane nayo................idapanko mama dana aluth thread 1ta ube oya bellath nathivei............
SRI LANKA
HIV Situation
The first case of HIV infection was reported in 1986 and the cumulative total reported at the end of 2004 was 614. Of these 363 were male and 251 were female. The reported number of deaths due to AIDS was 131 as of end 2004. The estimated HIV prevalence between 15 - 49 year olds in 2003 was less than 0.1%. It is estimated that 3,500 persons are living with HIV in Sri Lanka at the end of 2003. The current ratio of HIV-positive men to women in Sri Lanka is reportedly 1.4 to 1, although in reality, there are probably far more men infected then women as in most early phase HIV epidemics.
In 86% of HIV cases, transmission was through heterosexual contact. Other modes of transmission include homosexual/ bisexual contact, through infected blood and blood products and transmission from an infected mother to child. 11% of the reported HIV infections were due to homosexual/bisexual transmission. Since homosexual behaviour is illegal, interventions targeted at this group are limited. The male to female ratio of HIV infection is 1.4: 1 as of the end 2004. However, the proportion of females infected is increasing over the years.
Behavioural factors that facilitate the spread of infection are prevalent in the country, such as the presence of large number of sexually active youth (there were 35 cases of HIV among young people between the ages 15-24 years by 2004 end, according to NSACP) , an increasing number of sex workers, and overseas migration. Women employed in factories in the free trade zones, persons seeking foreign employment, workers in the plantation sector and the fishing community have been identified as other vulnerable groups. In 2001, 48% of HIV cases were among women who sought employment (housemaids) abroad .
The percentage of injected drug users in Sri Lanka is estimated to be less than 1% of all drug users. The only case of HIV transmission attributed to injecting drugs was reported in 2004 . Sri Lanka began screening of donor blood for HIV in 1987. Apart from the Central Blood Bank which is located in Colombo, there are 56 regional blood banks in the country that screen donated blood. To date there are only 3 cases reported through blood transfusion.
There have been 14 cases of mother-to-child transmission up to 2004. The government policy is to provide anti-retroviral therapy free of charge to pregnant women infected with HIV to prevent transmission to the baby. The indicator, HIV Prevalence among pregnant women in the age group of 15-24 are often used as a proxy for new or incident cases of HIV infection. One woman in this age group has been found to be HIV positive.
Despite an estimated low prevalence rate, there is a significant presence of risk factors and vulnerability to HIV in Sri Lanka. The factors mainly are:
Low Condom Use : Although research on sexual behaviors has been limited, a few studies conducted in the urban areas of Sri Lanka suggest low condom use among men. For example, in 1997, only 4.7% of men between the ages of 15 and 49 in the rural area of Matale and 9.6% of men in the capital of Colombo reported ever using condoms, although about two thirds of them had heard about them. Among men who stated that they have had sex with casual partners during the last year, only 26.3 percent in Matale and 44.4% in Colombo reported using a condom.
In any case, among the general population condom is not an accepted method of birth control.
Commercial Sex: It is estimated that about 30,000 women and girls and 15,000 boys work in the commercial sex industry in Sri Lanka. The risk of HIV/AIDS spreading among sex workers is heightened by low condom use and high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which make a person more susceptible to contracting HIV/AIDS. In one study, 45 percent of female sex workers had experienced multiple STIs, and 70 percent of male patients at STI clinics had reported
frequenting sex workers. A significant number of sex workers are located near military camps. Apart from this, there are “beach boys” and women who are involved in sex trade with tourists.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs ): According to a 1991 estimate, 200,000 cases of STDs occur annually. However, majority of the cases seek treatment from private practitioners and only 15% of these go for any treatment at government clinics. A total of 14,389 persons were newly registered at Government STD clinics in 2003. 49% of those registered were diagnosed as having one or more STDs. The total number of new STDs in 2003 was 8,233.
High Mobility : Migration within Sri Lanka and emigration to the Middle East and neighboring countries, namely India where HIV prevalence is higher, is necessary for the economic survival of many households in both rural and urban areas. Thousands of women and men live away from their families as migrants abroad and as workers in Sri Lankan Free Trade Zones. Women constitute 80% of the workers in the Free Trade Zone at Kandy. The vulnerability of these women is indicated by the high rate of unwanted pregnancies and high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) amongst them . An estimated 1.2 million Sri Lankans work in the Middle East and 79.1% of unskilled migrants are women. International female migrants account for more than 40% of reported HIV infections among females.
Low Levels of Awareness among Poor People: HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge levels in underserved communities remain drastically low. Only 40 percent of women working in rural tea estates, for example, have even heard of HIV/AIDS, as compared to 90 percent of women in other rural and urban areas.
HIV Situation
The first case of HIV infection was reported in 1986 and the cumulative total reported at the end of 2004 was 614. Of these 363 were male and 251 were female. The reported number of deaths due to AIDS was 131 as of end 2004. The estimated HIV prevalence between 15 - 49 year olds in 2003 was less than 0.1%. It is estimated that 3,500 persons are living with HIV in Sri Lanka at the end of 2003. The current ratio of HIV-positive men to women in Sri Lanka is reportedly 1.4 to 1, although in reality, there are probably far more men infected then women as in most early phase HIV epidemics.
In 86% of HIV cases, transmission was through heterosexual contact. Other modes of transmission include homosexual/ bisexual contact, through infected blood and blood products and transmission from an infected mother to child. 11% of the reported HIV infections were due to homosexual/bisexual transmission. Since homosexual behaviour is illegal, interventions targeted at this group are limited. The male to female ratio of HIV infection is 1.4: 1 as of the end 2004. However, the proportion of females infected is increasing over the years.
Behavioural factors that facilitate the spread of infection are prevalent in the country, such as the presence of large number of sexually active youth (there were 35 cases of HIV among young people between the ages 15-24 years by 2004 end, according to NSACP) , an increasing number of sex workers, and overseas migration. Women employed in factories in the free trade zones, persons seeking foreign employment, workers in the plantation sector and the fishing community have been identified as other vulnerable groups. In 2001, 48% of HIV cases were among women who sought employment (housemaids) abroad .
The percentage of injected drug users in Sri Lanka is estimated to be less than 1% of all drug users. The only case of HIV transmission attributed to injecting drugs was reported in 2004 . Sri Lanka began screening of donor blood for HIV in 1987. Apart from the Central Blood Bank which is located in Colombo, there are 56 regional blood banks in the country that screen donated blood. To date there are only 3 cases reported through blood transfusion.
There have been 14 cases of mother-to-child transmission up to 2004. The government policy is to provide anti-retroviral therapy free of charge to pregnant women infected with HIV to prevent transmission to the baby. The indicator, HIV Prevalence among pregnant women in the age group of 15-24 are often used as a proxy for new or incident cases of HIV infection. One woman in this age group has been found to be HIV positive.
Despite an estimated low prevalence rate, there is a significant presence of risk factors and vulnerability to HIV in Sri Lanka. The factors mainly are:
Low Condom Use : Although research on sexual behaviors has been limited, a few studies conducted in the urban areas of Sri Lanka suggest low condom use among men. For example, in 1997, only 4.7% of men between the ages of 15 and 49 in the rural area of Matale and 9.6% of men in the capital of Colombo reported ever using condoms, although about two thirds of them had heard about them. Among men who stated that they have had sex with casual partners during the last year, only 26.3 percent in Matale and 44.4% in Colombo reported using a condom.
In any case, among the general population condom is not an accepted method of birth control.
Commercial Sex: It is estimated that about 30,000 women and girls and 15,000 boys work in the commercial sex industry in Sri Lanka. The risk of HIV/AIDS spreading among sex workers is heightened by low condom use and high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which make a person more susceptible to contracting HIV/AIDS. In one study, 45 percent of female sex workers had experienced multiple STIs, and 70 percent of male patients at STI clinics had reported
frequenting sex workers. A significant number of sex workers are located near military camps. Apart from this, there are “beach boys” and women who are involved in sex trade with tourists.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs ): According to a 1991 estimate, 200,000 cases of STDs occur annually. However, majority of the cases seek treatment from private practitioners and only 15% of these go for any treatment at government clinics. A total of 14,389 persons were newly registered at Government STD clinics in 2003. 49% of those registered were diagnosed as having one or more STDs. The total number of new STDs in 2003 was 8,233.
High Mobility : Migration within Sri Lanka and emigration to the Middle East and neighboring countries, namely India where HIV prevalence is higher, is necessary for the economic survival of many households in both rural and urban areas. Thousands of women and men live away from their families as migrants abroad and as workers in Sri Lankan Free Trade Zones. Women constitute 80% of the workers in the Free Trade Zone at Kandy. The vulnerability of these women is indicated by the high rate of unwanted pregnancies and high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) amongst them . An estimated 1.2 million Sri Lankans work in the Middle East and 79.1% of unskilled migrants are women. International female migrants account for more than 40% of reported HIV infections among females.
Low Levels of Awareness among Poor People: HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge levels in underserved communities remain drastically low. Only 40 percent of women working in rural tea estates, for example, have even heard of HIV/AIDS, as compared to 90 percent of women in other rural and urban areas.
HIV tranmission ways:-
*Blood or blood produts
*Sexual transmission
*Vertical transmission - from mother to child
*Blood or blood produts
*Sexual transmission
*Vertical transmission - from mother to child
