wahama gihila circumcise karappalla paiyata panuwa hadenna issara...
Male
circumcision is the surgical removal of some or all of the
foreskin (prepuce) from the
penis.
[1] Early depictions of circumcision are found in
cave paintings and
Ancient Egyptian tombs, though some pictures are open to interpretation.
[2][3][4] Religious male circumcision is considered a
commandment from God in
Judaism.
[5][6] In
Islam, though not discussed in the
Qur'an, male circumcision is widely practised and most often considered to be a
sunnah.
[7] It is also customary in some Christian churches in Africa.
[8]
Global estimates by the
World Health Organization (WHO) suggest that 30 percent of males are circumcised, of whom 68 percent are Muslim.
[9] The prevalence of circumcision varies mostly with religious affiliation, and sometimes culture. Most circumcisions are performed during adolescence for cultural or religious reasons;
[10] in some countries they are more commonly performed during infancy.
[9] Circumcision is also used therapeutically, as one of the treatment options for
balanitis xerotica obliterans,
phimosis,
balanitis,
posthitis,
balanoposthitis and
urinary tract infections.
[11][12]
Strong evidence indicates that circumcision reduces the risk of
HIV infection in heterosexual men by 38-66% in populations that are at high risk,
[13] and studies have concluded it is cost effective in sub-Saharan Africa.
[14] The WHO currently recommends circumcision be recognised as an intervention as part of a comprehensive program for prevention of HIV transmission in areas with high endemic rates of HIV.
[15]
According to the
Royal Dutch Medical Association (2010), no
professional association of physicians currently recommends routine circumcision.
[16] Some bodies have discussed under what circumstances circumcision is ethical.
[17][18]
There is
controversy regarding circumcision.
[19] Specific controversies have included the health benefits and risks of the procedure,
[20][19] ethical and legal considerations,
[19] and the application of human rights principles to the practice.
[21]