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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Miami-Vice" data-source="post: 29127558" data-attributes="member: 279482">The Soviet space program pioneered many aspects of space exploration:<ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1957: First intercontinental ballistic missile and orbital launch vehicle, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" target="_blank">R-7 Semyorka</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1957: First satellite, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1" target="_blank">Sputnik 1</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1957: First animal in Earth orbit, the dog <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" target="_blank">Laika</a> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" target="_blank">Sputnik 2</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1959: First rocket ignition in Earth orbit, first man-made object to escape Earth's gravity, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_1" target="_blank">Luna 1</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1959: First data communications, or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetry" target="_blank">telemetry</a>, to and from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space" target="_blank">outer space</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_1" target="_blank">Luna 1</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1959: First man-made object to pass near the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon" target="_blank">Moon</a>, first man-made object in Heliocentric orbit, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_1" target="_blank">Luna 1</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1959: First probe to impact the Moon, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_2" target="_blank">Luna 2</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1959: First images of the moon's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_side_(Moon)" target="_blank">far side</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_3" target="_blank">Luna 3</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1960: First animals to safely return from Earth orbit, the dogs <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belka_and_Strelka" target="_blank">Belka and Strelka</a> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_5" target="_blank">Sputnik 5</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1961: First probe launched to Venus, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venera_1" target="_blank">Venera 1</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1961: First person in space (International definition) and in Earth orbit, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" target="_blank">Yuri Gagarin</a> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_1" target="_blank">Vostok 1</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_programme" target="_blank">Vostok program</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1961: First person to spend over 24 hours in space <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gherman_Titov" target="_blank">Gherman Titov</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_2" target="_blank">Vostok 2</a> (also first person to sleep in space).</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1962: First dual crewed spaceflight, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_3" target="_blank">Vostok 3</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_4" target="_blank">Vostok 4</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1962: First probe launched to Mars, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_1" target="_blank">Mars 1</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1963: First woman in space, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova" target="_blank">Valentina Tereshkova</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_6" target="_blank">Vostok 6</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1964: First multi-person crew (3), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voskhod_1" target="_blank">Voskhod 1</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1965: First extra-vehicular activity (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra-vehicular_activity" target="_blank">EVA</a>), by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexsei_Leonov" target="_blank">Alexsei Leonov</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_space_program#cite_note-First-Spacewalk-80" target="_blank">[80]</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voskhod_2" target="_blank">Voskhod 2</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1965: First radio telescope in space, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_3" target="_blank">Zond 3</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1965: First probe to hit another planet of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System" target="_blank">Solar System</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus" target="_blank">Venus</a>), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venera_3" target="_blank">Venera 3</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1966: First probe to make a soft landing on and transmit from the surface of the Moon, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_9" target="_blank">Luna 9</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1966: First probe in lunar orbit, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_10" target="_blank">Luna 10</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1966: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_images_of_Earth_from_space" target="_blank">first image of the whole Earth disk</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molniya_1" target="_blank">Molniya 1</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_space_program#cite_note-81" target="_blank">[81]</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1967: First uncrewed rendezvous and docking, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos_186" target="_blank">Cosmos 186</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos_188" target="_blank">Cosmos 188</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1968: First living beings to reach the Moon (circumlunar flights) and return unharmed to Earth, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_tortoise" target="_blank">Russian tortoises</a> and other lifeforms on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_5" target="_blank">Zond 5</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1969: First docking between two crewed craft in Earth orbit and exchange of crews, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_4" target="_blank">Soyuz 4</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_5" target="_blank">Soyuz 5</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1970: First soil samples automatically extracted and returned to Earth from another celestial body, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" target="_blank">Luna 16</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1970: First robotic space rover, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunokhod_1" target="_blank">Lunokhod 1</a> on the Moon.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1970: First full <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_travel" target="_blank">interplanetary travel</a> with a soft landing and useful data transmission. Data received from the surface of another planet of the Solar System (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus" target="_blank">Venus</a>), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venera_7" target="_blank">Venera 7</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1971: First space station, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_1" target="_blank">Salyut 1</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1971: First probe to impact the surface of Mars, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_2" target="_blank">Mars 2</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1971: First probe to land on Mars, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_3" target="_blank">Mars 3</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1971: First armed space station, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaz" target="_blank">Almaz</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1975: First probe to orbit Venus, to make a soft landing on Venus, first photos from the surface of Venus, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venera_9" target="_blank">Venera 9</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1980: First Asian person in space, Vietnamese Cosmonaut <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pham_Tuan" target="_blank">Pham Tuan</a> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_37" target="_blank">Soyuz 37</a>; and First <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_American" target="_blank">Latin American</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" target="_blank">Cuban</a> and person with African ancestry in space, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnaldo_Tamayo_M%C3%A9ndez" target="_blank">Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez</a> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_38" target="_blank">Soyuz 38</a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1984: First <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" target="_blank">Indian</a> Astronaut in space, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma" target="_blank">Rakesh Sharma</a> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_T-11" target="_blank">Soyuz T-11</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_7" target="_blank">Salyut-7</a> space station).</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1984: First woman to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra-vehicular_activity" target="_blank">walk in space</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana_Savitskaya" target="_blank">Svetlana Savitskaya</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_7" target="_blank">Salyut 7</a> space station).</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1986: First crew to visit two separate space stations (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir" target="_blank">Mir</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_7" target="_blank">Salyut 7</a>).</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1986: First probes to deploy robotic balloons into Venus atmosphere and to return pictures of a comet during close flyby <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vega_1" target="_blank">Vega 1</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vega_2" target="_blank">Vega 2</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1986: First permanently crewed space station, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir" target="_blank">Mir</a>, 1986–2001, with a permanent presence on board (1989–1999).</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1987: First crew to spend over one year in space, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Titov_(cosmonaut)" target="_blank">Vladimir Titov</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_Manarov" target="_blank">Musa Manarov</a> on board of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-4" target="_blank">Soyuz TM-4</a> – <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir" target="_blank">Mir</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">1988: First fully automated flight of a spaceplane (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buran_(spacecraft)" target="_blank">Buran</a>).</li> </ul><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_space_program#Notable_firsts" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_space_program#Notable_firsts</a></blockquote>

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