කොඩිතුවක්කු සේනාංකය

[sudu pusa]

කොඩිතුවක්කු සේනාංකය

උඩරට රජුගේ විෂේශ බලකාය
කොඩිතුවක්කු සේනාංකය

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1505 දී සිදුවුනු පෘතුගීසි ආගමනයත් සමග දුණු ඊතල,හෙල්ල,පලිහ,තෝමරය,කඩුව, හුරු පුරුදු ලාංකික හේවා භටයන්ට තුවක්කු හා කාලතුවක්කු හඳුනාගන්නට ලැබුනි.මේවා පෘතුගීසීන්ගෙන් සිංහලයන් අතට ලැබුනු මුත් ඔවුන්ගේ තුවක්කු වලට වඩා ප්‍රබල හා හොද තත්වයේ තුවක්කු එකල ලංකාවේ සිංහලයන් අතින් නිමැවුනි.පෘතුගීසීන් හා ලන්දේසි යුගයන් හි සිංහල හමුදාව භාවිතා කල කොඩිතුවක්කුව නම් බිම තබා වෙඩි තබන තුවක්කුව එකල පැවති වැඩි ගිණී බලයක් ලබාදුන් තුවක්කුවක් විය.

මහත් රෞද්‍ර හඬක් පිට කරමින් වෙඩිල්ල පිට වන නිසා රෞද්‍ර යන අරුත ඇති කොඩි යන ද්‍රවිඩ වචනය මුලට යොදා කොඩිතුවක්කුව ලෙස මෙය හදුන්වා තිබේ.මෙම තුවක්කු විශේෂය යුද්ධයේදී මහත් ප්‍රයෝජනවත් වන නිසා මෙම තුවක්කු වලින් පහර දෙන සේනාව වෙනම සේනාංකයක් ලෙස ස්ථාපිත කරන ලද අතර එය කොඩිතුවක්කු සේනාංකය සෙල ප්‍රසිද්ධ විනි.කොඩිතුවක්කු හමුදාව මහනුවර යුගයේ යුධ කටයුතු වල ප්‍රධාන තැනක් ගත් හෙයින් එය යුධ හමුදාවට අයත් වැදගත් සේනාංකයක් විය.කොඩිතුවක්කුකාරයෝ නිතරම යුද්ධයට සූදානමින් වුන්හ.මහනුවර යුගයේ කොඩිතුවක්කු හමුදාවට යුද්ධ කිරීමේ කාර්යයට අමතරව වෙනස් කාර්යයන්ද පැවරී තිබුනු බව පෙනේ.හමුදාමය කටයුතු මෙන්ම ආරක්ෂක බලඇණී කටයුතුද ඔවුන්ට පැවරී තිබුනි.ඔවුහු සේවා මුර ක්‍රමයට දිසාවන්ගේ හා අදිකාරම්ගේ වලව් හා රජ මාලිගයද කොඩිතුවක්කු මඩුවේද මුර සේවයට එක්ව සිටියහ.මීට අමතරව සාහාසික අපරාධකරුවන් සොරුන් මෙල්ල කිරීම හා අත් අඩංගුවට ගැනීම පැවරී තිබුනේද කොඩිතුවක්කු හමුදාවටයි.

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කොඩිතුවක්කු නිලමේ හෙවත් ලේකම් රජුගේ කාලතුවක්කු හමුදාවේ ප්‍රධානියා විය.එකල රාජ්‍ය නිලධාරීන් අතර ඔහුට උසස් තැනක් හිමි වී තිබුනි.මොහු දළදා පෙරහැරේ දෙවැනි ස්ථානයට පිරිවරත් සමගින් ගමන් ගත්තේය.පෙරහැරේ ඊලගට ගමන් ගත්තේ ඒ ඒ දිසාව භාර දිසාවේවරුන්ය.ඔවුහු තම තමන්ගේ දිසාවලට අයත් කොඩිතුවක්කු හමුදාවන්ගේ පාලනය භාරව කටයුතු කලහ.

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කොඩිතුවක්කු තැන්පත් කරන ලද කාලතුවක්කු මඩුව හා වෙඩි බෙහෙත් ගබඩාව ඒ ඒ දිසාවේ වරුන්ගේ වලව් වලට යාබදව තනන ලදි.රජුගේ තුවක්කු මඩුව රජ වාසලට යාබදව සාදා තිබුනි.කොඩිතුවක්කු මොහොට්ටාල හෙයත් මුහන්දිරම් එක් එක් කොරලයේ කොඩිතුවක්කු හමුදාව භාර නිලධාරියා විය. සතරකෝරලයේ තුවක්කු හමුදාවේ මුහන්දිරම් කෙනෙකු යටතේ පැවරුනු බවත් ඔහු යටතේ දුරයා නම් සුළුමුලාදෑනියෙකු යටතේ හමුදාව පාලනය වූ බවත් සතර කෝරලය පිලිබඳ පුරාණ වාර්ථා වල සදහන් වේ.එදා සිංහලයන් විසින් සාදන ලද කොඩිතුවක්කු අදද ජාතික කෞතුකාගාරයේ ප්‍රදර්ශණය පිණිස තබා ඇත.

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[Pink panther]

Good & valuable post...
Rep denna belu..

 

[gayendra9*9]

You must spread some Reputation around before giving it to sudu pusa again.

 

[Nebuchadnezzer]

ආ පූස්..
නයිස් ත්‍රෙඩ් මචං...

 

[Nu1Dnk]

+++ mewwa denna beeee..... bump

 

[sudu pusa]

Good & valuable post...
Rep denna belu..

You must spread some Reputation around before giving it to sudu pusa again.

bump

ආ පූස්..
නයිස් ත්‍රෙඩ් මචං...

+++ mewwa denna beeee..... bump

bump

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[Captain ජැක් ස්පැරෝ]

එළකිරි මචන්.......
නියමයි.........
TFS

 

[WICKILEAKS]

ela ela bro hugak watinawa meka +4

ethakota ara paul Raiffle la Dunusingha la kadudun korala la me kattiyage relations la wennath neda (LOL)

 

[sudu pusa]

ela ela bro hugak watinawa meka +4

ethakota ara paul Raiffle la Dunusingha la kadudun korala la me kattiyage relations la wennath neda (LOL)

එළකිරි මචන්.......
නියමයි.........
TFS

 

[sudu pusa]

වෙඩි පූසා

 

[001flyD]

නියම පොස්ට් එකක්,මේක උඩරට මහ කැ‍රැල්ල පොතෙන්ද ගත්තෙ සහෝ,ස්තුති අපි සමග බෙදාගත්තාට,රෙප් දෙන්න බැරිලු

 

[uzi101]

මෙන්න අපේ අතීත ප්‍රෞඩත්වය. ඒවා අගයකරපල්ලා මේවා අපේ උරුමය. ඒ පරපුරෙන් තමයි අපි පැවත එන්නේ

 

[sudu pusa]

නියම පොස්ට් එකක්,මේක උඩරට මහ කැ‍රැල්ල පොතෙන්ද ගත්තෙ සහෝ,ස්තුති අපි සමග බෙදාගත්තාට,රෙප් දෙන්න බැරිලු

මෙන්න අපේ අතීත ප්‍රෞඩත්වය. ඒවා අගයකරපල්ලා මේවා අපේ උරුමය. ඒ පරපුරෙන් තමයි අපි පැවත එන්නේ

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[sudu pusa]

පූස්තුවක්කු

 

[sudu pusa]

වෙඩි පූසා

 

[sudu pusa]

පූස්තුවක්කු

 

[sudu pusa]

කිටී තුවක්කු

 

[001flyD]

මෙන්න පුස් යාළුවේ මෙයාල ගැනත් අපේ ගොඩක් කට්ටිය දන්නෙ නැ

Appuhamy

Appuhamy,Appuhami (Sinhala:අප්පුහාමි) is a Sinhala term/name used in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) as a title of respect to persons of high caste and sons of mudaliyars.Equivalent terms for a wife of an Appuhamy are Hamine,Manike,or sometimes Kumarihamy.

Kandyan Era (Feudal title)

Those members of three families of the King’s men referred also as Chamberlains who rendered their services in their capacity as Watchmen or Guardsmen (In-charge of) at Barrier of Royal Bed Chamber called Hathapenage,and those at The Royal Time Keepers Point barrier watchmen (or in-charge of) or guardsmen called Atapattu Murapola and then The Royal Gold Weaponry or Armory guardsmen (In-Charge of) called The Ran Avuda Mandapa, all of whom were allocated as a mark of Respect and a title of appreciation,the General appellation called Appuhamys respectively.It was in referring to them that the title called Dugaganna Rala or Dugaganna Nilame was also applied to.Those officers were derived from families with proven loyalty and sacrificial devotion to his Majesty and from those traditional families commanding high respect and honour from the countrymen.As these posts were starting points for other vital and strategic posts in his Majesty's services,they were highly competitive or contested.Although King Veera Parakrama Narendra Singha contemplated that it suffices if these officers were made to serve his Majesty every other month-like all other King’s officers-and that going by shifts.But when the Appuhamys pointed out that,with this shifts system,they too would fall into the same despicable level as the other officers of the King,and consequently appealed to his Majesty-that they be allowed to or grant them permission to-render their services to him continually,and as and when they wanted releasment for personal reasons they would make themselves absent,of course with prior approval from the Throne.Just adhering to the literary meaning of the Sinhala word Dugganna Rala,these King’s men were even alert to-never hesitated to-sacrifice their own lives for the good of His Majesty The King.The last Kandyan King,deserted by his own ministers and country men,and when on his fleeing to Madha Mahanuwara,when taking rest at Gallahawatte Arachchi’s home,that Bed Chamber was guarded by a Hathapenage Appuhamy.

In King Rajadhi Raja Singha’s time in his Hathapenage Murapola,there were 112 Appuhamys in service.But at the time of the last King of the Sinhala people this number was reduced to 48 only,In fact,they did their Guard duty at the verandah of the Hathapenage .Of them 12 guards were holding a stabbing implement named Illukkole.It was their custom to wear a mouth guard (mask) when in Majesty’s service.This was a white cloths ribbon about one inch in breadth.Earlier,this mouth guard was two inches in breadth.In this garment the piece exactly covering the mouth was red piece of cloth called Paccawadam,while the rest of the clothe was white.The Hathapanage Appuhamys served under officers named Muhandiram Nilame of the Maha Hathapenage,the secretary and Kankanama.

Those Appuhamys serving at,At the Atapatthu Muarapola (Time Keepers Point),also called The Water Clock Gate,were known as Atapattu Appuhamys.Earlier they were 50 to 60 in number but the last Sinhala King brought it down to 48.Putting the Water Clock Plates in position and also to accompany him when the King is roaming the country or doing Royal Tours,was their duty.The Atapattu Maduwa was a building placed close to the Royal Palace.Those serving here placed four Water Clock Plates in the pond and to inform the time rang a bell.They had divided the daytime into parts and the night into four Jamas or Phases.

It was this way:-

From dawn to the end of eighth Sinhala hour 1st Phase

From ninth Sinhala hour to end of fifteenth hour (mid day) 2nd Phase


From Mid day to end of 7th hour 3rd Phase


From 8th hour to end of 15th hour 4th Phase

The night also was thus divided into 8-7-7-8 hourly four phases.According to this the bell was rung once,twice,thrice,4-8,6,5-1,times etc.Auspicious times for each function was declared via this medium.During daytime more than three Appuhamys did serve rarely.Half number from those who came for the night shift slept while the rest did guarding duty.

Earlier there were more than 100 Appuhamys (Guardsmen) in-charge of the Royal Gold Weaponry or Armory but that number was brought down to 48 by the last Sinhala King.They served under the charge of secretary of the Royal Gold Weaponry or Armory,tended to keep a record of the weapons available and they also got them repaired by the Smiths of his Majesty.As and when the King did his outings and Royal tours,it was their duty to accompany him carrying those equipments like the Mobile Weaponry and the Golden Bow & Arrows.The Lacquer-craftsmen Archers living in Matale Hapuvida Village did supply lacquer-worked decorated handles for these items.

Privileges conferred on the Appuhamys

They can go past the Queens.They were not under the charge of the High Officers like Adikaram, Dissawe etc.Without doing any sort of duty Appuhamys enjoyed rights and incomes etc.of their granted lands fields etc.But all of them were bound to perform bringing the Pingo of rice (Kath Hal) Rajakariya-the Duty to the Royals.At given times,they were exempted from this duty.Yet,in case this was not stated down in the Lekampotha (the Secretarial Book),the exemption was only temporary.For each of these Duggannarala,a village and a Man was allocated.The Village folk did the cultivation work free,in his fields;they looked after his lands and Repaired his Walauwa-The stately Mansion.Also the villagers supplied to Kandy his monthly requirement of Rice,A month’s requirement was termed Barak (a weight),namely 60 Hundus (Hundu=4/1 measure).A hundu contained 8-at times 9 or 10 palm fulls.
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A King’s man called Agubalana Nilame (The Royal Taster),tested the prepared Royal Victuals which were supplied to his Majesty's consumption.This tasting was effected as a pre-testing as to whether the victual were contaminated with any poison,Agubalana Nilame was also considered as a Duggannarala.

In the coastal areas the term Appuhamy was applied with a difference

a.The Govi Vamsa had two divisions called Highest strata known as Appuhamy and the Secondary strata known as Saparamadu Appuhamys.That is in the words of Baldius (LCS P 99).
b.As a Surname-members of respectable High caste families such as Yapa Appuhamilage,Epa Appuhamilage,Wijayasundra Appuhamilage etc.
c.As a part of a personal name-Don Bastian Appuhamy,David de Silva Appuhamy,etc. can be quoted.
In later periods,Prince Don John,who later became Don John Appuhamy prior to his winning the Kandyan Throne under the name of King Wimaladharmasuriya,was renowned as above,That is according to Baldius.
d.As an honorary title name-Persons of respectable families were addressed as Appuhamys as a mark of respect.That is in extant even to day.

SOURCE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appuhamy

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