You can't recover partition using normal recovery tool, you have to use disk anylysis tool to find previous partition scheme.
Try this
boot using linux (use bootable linux usb drive)
use TestDisk to recover old partition table,
http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk
select correct partition table structure form recovered list
write selected partition table to disk
This is working perfectly and i have tried many times with success(many newbies install linux first time to all hard disk, this results delete all the partition and create one partition and then install linux)
If you are afraid to do this, clone your hard disk using some disk cloning utility and try this with cloned image, this way you can recover your data and you can try whatever command/tool on the disk clone.