EVDO (Evolution-Data Optimized) is a 3G enhancement in CDMA2000 networks to provide high-speed mobile data. Initially it stood for Evolution Data Only, with only data enabled and voice was either carried by VoIP or CDMA 1X Fallback.
HSPA (High-Speed Packet Access) is a 3G enhancement for WCDMA-based UMTS networks.
LTE is the 4G migration path for all 3G technologies, including CDMA2000 and UMTS.
TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous CDMA) was a variant of UMTS WCDMA that was developed in China. It was only deployed in China and the others ignored it and went on with a more standard TDD version of UMTS. It is possible to run TD-SCDMA alongside UMTS, and thus simplifying multi-system designs.
The Chinese version, in fact had a few advanced techniques in it's design, some of this because it used the same uplink & downlink frequencies, and it did pave the way for the development of 4G LTE TDD systems.
PS: Since no one responded here's a brief.