ආන්ඩුවෙ අවසාන අවුරුද්ද ද මෙ?

හෙළයෙක්

Well-known member
  • Apr 26, 2014
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    සජිත්ටයි අනුරටයි නොවැටුන වලංගු චන්ද 50:50 දෙන්නටම බෙදුවත් අනුරට > 0.5 ලැබෙනවා. ඒ නිසා මේ ප්‍රතිපලය bias නැහැ.

    සජිත්ට දිනන්න අවස්ථාවක් එන්නේ (සජිත් > 0.5) වෙන්නෙ 70%ක් වැටෙනව නම් විතරයි. අනුරවයි සජිත්වයි දෙන්නවම එපා කියපු කණ්ඩායමකින් 70%ක් ගන්න එක නම් bias
    එහෙම බෙදන්නේ කොහොමද 50ට 50. ඕකේ හැටියට මොක්කේටවත් ඔය කියන විදියේ තේරීමක් ආවේ නෑනේ. එතකොට නිකං බලෙන් වගේනේ ඔය තියරිය ඔබ්බන්නේ
     

    topkollek

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  • May 22, 2014
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    එහෙම බෙදන්නේ කොහොමද 50ට 50. ඕකේ හැටියට මොක්කේටවත් ඔය කියන විදියේ තේරීමක් ආවේ නෑනේ. එතකොට නිකං බලෙන් වගේනේ ඔය තියරිය ඔබ්බන්නේ
    We can precisely quantify the bias introduced by the second preference count on Condorcet’s Jury Theorem (and therefore on the Law of Large Numbers guarantee that the majority picks the “best” candidate with probability → 1).


    Here are the official numbers (Election Commission + Wikipedia consensus):


    • First-preference total: 13,319,616 valid votes
    • Final decisive jury (second count): n = 10,271,081 (only 77.11% of the electorate)
    • Exhausted ballots: 3,048,535 (22.89%)
    • Usable transfers from eliminated candidates: 273,131 votes only (just 2.66% of the final jury)
    • Of those transfers: Sajith received 61.5% (≈168,000), Anura 38.5% (≈105,000)
    • Anura’s final share: 55.8868% (5,740,179 votes)

    Quantified Bias Components​


    Bias TypeExact ImpactEffect on Theorem (Condorcet + LLN)
    Jury size reductionn reduced by 22.89% (13.32M → 10.27M)Convergence slower by factor 0.771 in the exponent of error probability. Still irrelevant at this scale.
    Directional transfer biasSajith got 61.5% of transfers → 0.30 percentage-point drag against Anura (final 55.89% vs hypothetical 56.19% if transfers split 50-50)Slightly lowers effective voter competence p by ~0.3 pp.
    Selection / filtering biasOnly engaged voters who ranked a top-two candidate participate; exhausted are disproportionately low-engagement third-party supportersMild heterogeneous p (core voters likely higher competence). Non-random jury.
    Overall net bias~0.3–0.5 pp downward shift in observed proportion + 23% smaller juryWeakens the “P(correct) → 1” guarantee marginally



    Impact on Probability of “Wrong” Winner (Scenarios)​


    We use the normal approximation to the binomial (extremely accurate at n > 10 million). Assume Anura was the “objectively best” candidate; we calculate P(majority picks wrong) under different bias assumptions.


    ScenarioEffective p (Anura competence)z-score vs 50%P(majority wrong)How much worse than ideal?
    Ideal Condorcet (no bias, full n, p=0.5589)0.5589377.3≈ 0 (<< 10⁻³⁰⁰)Baseline
    Observed (real second count)0.5589377.3≈ 0 (<< 10⁻³⁰⁰)Identical
    Core supporters only (no transfers)0.5636402Even smallerActually stronger
    Pessimistic: transfers were pure coin-flips (p=0.50)≈0.557360Still ≈ 0 (<< 10⁻²⁸⁰)Negligible degradation
    Extreme: transferred voters had p=0.51 only≈0.556355Still ≈ 0Tiny



    Even in the worst plausible case (transferred voters barely better than random), the probability of the “wrong” winner remains astronomically smaller than 1 in 10²⁵⁰. You would need a ~8–10 percentage-point systematic bias in the transferred group (or exhaustion overwhelmingly one-sided) to start making the outcome uncertain — far beyond what actually occurred.


    Mathematical Intuition (Chernoff/Hoeffding bound)​


    The theorem’s error probability decays exponentially:


    P(wrong)≤2exp⁡(−2n(p^−0.5)2)P(\text{wrong}) \leq 2 \exp(-2 n (\hat{p} - 0.5)^2)P(wrong)≤2exp(−2n(p^−0.5)2)

    • With full n and observed p^ \hat{p} p^: exponent ≈ –69,400
    • With 23% smaller jury + 0.3 pp drag: exponent ≈ –53,400 Both give numbers so small they are zero for any practical purpose (smaller than the chance of a proton decaying in the next 10²⁰⁰ years).

    Bottom line The second preference count does introduce measurable bias (mainly 23% jury shrinkage + 0.3 pp directional drag against Anura), but its impact on Condorcet’s Jury Theorem is tiny in practice. The Law of Large Numbers with over 10 million voters completely overwhelms the bias.


    The guarantee that “the majority picked the best of the two finalists with near-certainty” remains essentially intact — the probability of error is still effectively zero under any reasonable model of voter competence.


    Sri Lanka’s 2024 result is still one of the cleanest real-world demonstrations of the theorem at massive scale. The bias exists mathematically, but it is negligible.
     

    හෙළයෙක්

    Well-known member
  • Apr 26, 2014
    49,360
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    We can precisely quantify the bias introduced by the second preference count on Condorcet’s Jury Theorem (and therefore on the Law of Large Numbers guarantee that the majority picks the “best” candidate with probability → 1).


    Here are the official numbers (Election Commission + Wikipedia consensus):


    • First-preference total: 13,319,616 valid votes
    • Final decisive jury (second count): n = 10,271,081 (only 77.11% of the electorate)
    • Exhausted ballots: 3,048,535 (22.89%)
    • Usable transfers from eliminated candidates: 273,131 votes only (just 2.66% of the final jury)
    • Of those transfers: Sajith received 61.5% (≈168,000), Anura 38.5% (≈105,000)
    • Anura’s final share: 55.8868% (5,740,179 votes)

    Quantified Bias Components​


    Bias TypeExact ImpactEffect on Theorem (Condorcet + LLN)
    Jury size reductionn reduced by 22.89% (13.32M → 10.27M)Convergence slower by factor 0.771 in the exponent of error probability. Still irrelevant at this scale.
    Directional transfer biasSajith got 61.5% of transfers → 0.30 percentage-point drag against Anura (final 55.89% vs hypothetical 56.19% if transfers split 50-50)Slightly lowers effective voter competence p by ~0.3 pp.
    Selection / filtering biasOnly engaged voters who ranked a top-two candidate participate; exhausted are disproportionately low-engagement third-party supportersMild heterogeneous p (core voters likely higher competence). Non-random jury.
    Overall net bias~0.3–0.5 pp downward shift in observed proportion + 23% smaller juryWeakens the “P(correct) → 1” guarantee marginally



    Impact on Probability of “Wrong” Winner (Scenarios)​


    We use the normal approximation to the binomial (extremely accurate at n > 10 million). Assume Anura was the “objectively best” candidate; we calculate P(majority picks wrong) under different bias assumptions.


    ScenarioEffective p (Anura competence)z-score vs 50%P(majority wrong)How much worse than ideal?
    Ideal Condorcet (no bias, full n, p=0.5589)0.5589377.3≈ 0 (<< 10⁻³⁰⁰)Baseline
    Observed (real second count)0.5589377.3≈ 0 (<< 10⁻³⁰⁰)Identical
    Core supporters only (no transfers)0.5636402Even smallerActually stronger
    Pessimistic: transfers were pure coin-flips (p=0.50)≈0.557360Still ≈ 0 (<< 10⁻²⁸⁰)Negligible degradation
    Extreme: transferred voters had p=0.51 only≈0.556355Still ≈ 0Tiny



    Even in the worst plausible case (transferred voters barely better than random), the probability of the “wrong” winner remains astronomically smaller than 1 in 10²⁵⁰. You would need a ~8–10 percentage-point systematic bias in the transferred group (or exhaustion overwhelmingly one-sided) to start making the outcome uncertain — far beyond what actually occurred.


    Mathematical Intuition (Chernoff/Hoeffding bound)​


    The theorem’s error probability decays exponentially:


    P(wrong)≤2exp⁡(−2n(p^−0.5)2)P(\text{wrong}) \leq 2 \exp(-2 n (\hat{p} - 0.5)^2)P(wrong)≤2exp(−2n(p^−0.5)2)

    • With full n and observed p^ \hat{p} p^: exponent ≈ –69,400
    • With 23% smaller jury + 0.3 pp drag: exponent ≈ –53,400 Both give numbers so small they are zero for any practical purpose (smaller than the chance of a proton decaying in the next 10²⁰⁰ years).

    Bottom line The second preference count does introduce measurable bias (mainly 23% jury shrinkage + 0.3 pp directional drag against Anura), but its impact on Condorcet’s Jury Theorem is tiny in practice. The Law of Large Numbers with over 10 million voters completely overwhelms the bias.


    The guarantee that “the majority picked the best of the two finalists with near-certainty” remains essentially intact — the probability of error is still effectively zero under any reasonable model of voter competence.


    Sri Lanka’s 2024 result is still one of the cleanest real-world demonstrations of the theorem at massive scale. The bias exists mathematically, but it is negligible.


    The analysis misapplies Condorcet’s Jury Theorem by assuming voter “competence” and an objectively “correct” candidate—assumptions that are neither observable nor justified in political elections, making the near-zero error probability claim mathematically precise but conceptually meaningless.

    Chatgpt 🤦එකෙන් මෙහෙම කිව්වේ ඔය දාලා තියෙන ටික දුන්නම.
     

    Janatha Jhon

    Well-known member
  • Nov 24, 2023
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    නෑමොල් ජනාධිපති වෙන්න ඔන්න මෙන්න ඉන්නෙ කියල හීන මවන අසරණ බයිපාවුන් තවත් අඬවන්න එපා. 🙈
    සෙනෙවිරත්න අන්කල්ගේ පඩියෙන් කකා ඉන්නේ නැතුව මේ වපර නාකිච්චිටයි කලිසම හැලෙන පොන්නයාටයි කීයක් හරි යවපන් දත නැති වපරයා.

    නාකිච්චිට ගූ ගහන්න ලගයි ගමේ උන්. නාකියාගේ කලිසම ඔලුවෙන් ගලවයි.

    page.jpg
     

    topkollek

    Well-known member
  • May 22, 2014
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    The analysis misapplies Condorcet’s Jury Theorem by assuming voter “competence” and an objectively “correct” candidate—assumptions that are neither observable nor justified in political elections, making the near-zero error probability claim mathematically precise but conceptually meaningless.

    Chatgpt 🤦එකෙන් මෙහෙම කිව්වේ ඔය දාලා තියෙන ටික දුන්නම.
    චැට් එක සම්පුර්ණයෙන්ම දාන්න
     

    Janatha Jhon

    Well-known member
  • Nov 24, 2023
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    මෙන්න මේ වේසිගෙ පුතාට අවදානය පොඩ්ඩක් දීපන්. ජනේලෙන් පුක අල්ලාගෙන ඉන්නේ 🤭 🤭
    ඕකාට වෙන්නේ අතුකෝරල මන්ත්‍රීතුමාට උන දේ.

    ලපයාට වෙන්නේ කෙනඩිට උන දේ.
     

    Lovtus

    Well-known member
  • Apr 26, 2015
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    ඕකාට වෙන්නේ අතුකෝරල මන්ත්‍රීතුමාට උන දේ.

    ලපයාට වෙන්නේ කෙනඩිට උන දේ.
    බේරේ වැවේ නාපු හැටි තාම අමතක වෙලා නෑ නේද?
     

    Lovtus

    Well-known member
  • Apr 26, 2015
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    මෙන්න මේ වේසිගෙ පුතාට අවදානය පොඩ්ඩක් දීපන්. ජනේලෙන් පුක අල්ලාගෙන ඉන්නේ 🤭 🤭
    ජනේලෙන් පුක දෙන්නේ උබනෙ බැල්ලිගෙ පුතෝ :lol:
     

    Walter White

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    දෙහිවල
    ජනේලෙන් පුක දෙන්නේ උබනෙ බැල්ලිගෙ පුතෝ :lol:
    අවදානය ඉල්ලා ඉල්ලා ජනේලෙන් පුක දුන්නේ උබනේ හොරිකඩ වේසිගෙ පුතෝ
    මුලින්ම හරියට වෙලාව බලන්න ඉගනගනින් රට හදන්න කලින්.

    කුමෙනිව BBQ කරේ පොන්නයෝ, BBQ කරේ 🤭 🤭 🤭 🤭 🤭 🤭 🤭 🤭
     

    Lovtus

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    අවදානය ඉල්ලා ඉල්ලා ජනේලෙන් පුක දුන්නේ උබනේ හොරිකඩ වේසිගෙ පුතෝ
    මුලින්ම හරියට වෙලාව බලන්න ඉගනගනින් රට හදන්න කලින්.

    කුමෙනිව BBQ කරේ පොන්නයෝ, BBQ කරේ 🤭 🤭 🤭 🤭 🤭 🤭 🤭 🤭
    ඉරිච්ච කොන්ඩම් දාල හුකපුවාම උබල වගේ උන් ඉපදෙනවා. අපි පලිද? 🤭
     

    Walter White

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  • Nov 20, 2019
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    දෙහිවල
    ඉරිච්ච කොන්ඩම් දාල හුකපුවාම උබල වගේ උන් ඉපදෙනවා. අපි පලිද? 🤭
    එක හොදටම තේරුනේ උබෙ තාත්ත නාමවර්ධන වෙලා උබ බාලසූරිය උන නිසානේ දිනුර 🤭🤭
     
    • Haha
    Reactions: Lovtus

    Lovtus

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    එක හොදටම තේරුනේ උබෙ තාත්ත නාමවර්ධන වෙලා උබ බාලසූරිය උන නිසානේ දිනුර 🤭🤭
    ඉරිච්ච කොන්ඩම් දාල හුකපුවාම උබල වගේ උන් ඉපදෙනවා. අපි පලිද? 🤭
     

    Walter White

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    දෙහිවල
    ඉරිච්ච කොන්ඩම් දාල හුකපුවාම උබල වගේ උන් ඉපදෙනවා. අපි පලිද? 🤭
    මුලින්ම අම්මගෙන් අහපන් ඉරිච්ච කොන්ඩම් දැම්මේ කාටද කියලා? බාලසූරිය ද? නාමවර්ධන ද? 🥱🥱
     

    Lovtus

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  • Apr 26, 2015
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    මුලින්ම අම්මගෙන් අහපන් ඉරිච්ච කොන්ඩම් දැම්මේ කාටද කියලා? බාලසූරිය ද? නාමවර්ධන ද? 🥱🥱
    ඉරිච්ච කොන්ඩම් දාල හුකපුවාම උබල වගේ උන් ඉපදෙනවා. අපි පලිද? 🤭
     
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